Sit-in Songs : Songs of the Freedom Riders
Songs recorded by participants in CORE's Freedom Highways project in the summer of 1962. The project was designed to open chain restaurants along major federal highways to all persons. <br /><br />Vinyl LP and songbook. <br />Dauntless DM 4301, a division of Audio Fidelity Records <br />Edward H. Peeples Collection
Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
<a href="http://search.library.vcu.edu/VCU:all_scope:VCU_ALMA21365282100001101" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Special Collections and Archives</a>, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
1962
<span>Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries</span>
<span><span>This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).</span><br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/</a></span>
Learn more: <br /><a href="http://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/eras/music-social-reform/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Music & Social Reform</a>, Social Welfare History Project<br /><a href="http://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/eras/congress-of-racial-equality-core/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)</a>, Social Welfare History Project<br /><a href="http://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/federal/civil-rights-movement/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"><br /></a>
The Defenders News and Views [Newsletter]
Publication of The Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties, a grassroots political organization dedicated to preserving strict racial segregation in Virginia's public schools. The group was established in Petersburg in October 1954 following the Supreme Court decision <em>Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas. </em>Chapters of the group opened across the Commonwealth of Virginia.<br /><br />This newsletter is a folded sheet, two pages printed on both sides. The text header on the front page says, "The Defenders News and Views/Published by Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties/405-A East Franklin Street."<br /><br />This document reports on the annual meeting of the Defenders that was held on November 4, 1959 in Richmond, Va. During this meeting a panel of representatives from private schools (identified as "those schools which have been established for parents who do not want their children to attend the integrated public schools") spoke. <br /><br />Members of the panel: <br />J. Barrye Wall, Prince Edward County <br />Jack Crouse, Warren County <br />Frank R. Ford, Norfolk <br />H. P. Paden, Arlington <br />Barry Marshall, Charlottesville <br /><br />Excerpt: <br />"White citizens of Prince Edward County offered to assist the Negroes to set up schools for their children, through use of the scholarship grants and surplus property laws....Mr. Wall emphasized the fact that the NAACP is interested only in integration - not education. Their program is to integrate the schools first, then churches, hotels and every phase of society. Education in Virginia today, he stated, is controlled by the NAACP, and complete integration by 1963 is the goal."
Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties
V.2011.02.01., <a href="https://thevalentine.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Valentine</a>
1959 October - November
The Valentine
This Work has been digitized in a public-private partnership. As part of this partnership, the partners have agreed to limit commercial uses of this digital representation of the Work by third parties. You can, without permission, copy, modify, distribute, display, or perform the Item, for non-commercial uses. For any other permissible uses, please review the terms and conditions of the organization that has made the Item available. <br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-NC/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-NC/1.0/</a>
Learn more: <br /><a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Defenders_of_State_Sovereignty_and_Individual_Liberties#start_entry" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties</a>, Encyclopedia Virginia <br /><a href="https://www.library.vcu.edu/about/special-collections/exhibits/freedom-now/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Freedom Now Project</a>, VCU Libraries<br /><a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Massive_Resistance" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Massive Resistance</a>, Encyclopedia Virginia <br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/show/340" target="_blank" title="speech text" rel="noreferrer noopener">In Defense of Prince Edward County of Virginia</a>. Speech of Hon. Harry Flood Byrd of Virginia in the Senate of the United States, Wednesday, May 17, 1961, Social Welfare History Image Portal
Mary Washington College Students Participate in the Strike Against the Expansion of the Vietnam War
Sue Cottingham, editor of the campus newspaper, <em>The Bullet</em>, is shown center left. She wears a "Strike" badge, protesting the Vietnam War expansion into Cambodia.
Dervin, Daniel A.
<a href="https://umw.access.preservica.com/IO_e8e852a3-a50d-49da-95d1-a9ca3efd27dc/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Centennial Image Collection</a>, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Mary Washington Libraries
1970
Special Collections and University Archives, University of Mary Washington Libraries
<span>In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted<br />This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).</span><br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/</a><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/?language=en" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><br /></a>
James Farmer's Second March to Montgomery
Group of men, including James Farmer, during his second attempt to march to Montgomery, Alabama from Selma, Alabama. From left to right: Fred Shuttlesworth, Martin Luther King Jr., James Farmer, and James Forman. In the foreground: Andrew Young.
Hollander, Edward S.
<a href="https://umw.access.preservica.com/IO_f00f616e-94da-4459-9498-388b03867b62/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">The James L. Farmer Collection</a>, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Mary Washington Libraries.
1965 March 9
<span>Special Collections and University Archives, University of Mary Washington Libraries.</span>
Copyright is retained by CORE/Edward Hollander. <br /><br /><span>This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).</span><br /><a href="%20http%3A//rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/</a>
Letter from Rev. John Kirstein to Aubrey Brown, Jr. , August 22, 1963
Letter to Aubrey Brown, Jr., editor of The <em>Presbyterian Outlook</em>, from Rev. John A. Kirstein, associate editor of the <em>Presbyterian Survey</em>, in opposition to the <a href="http://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/show/252" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">PCUS statement to the National Council of Churches</a>. <br /><br /><br />
Kirstein, John A.
Aubrey Brown Jr. personal papers collection. <a href="https://upsem.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/?rm=MARCH+ON+WASHI0%7C%7C%7C1%7C%7C%7C0%7C%7C%7Ctrue" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">March on Washington 1963</a> digital collection, Special Collections, William Smith Morton Library, Union Presbyterian Seminary
1963 August 22
Union Presbyterian Seminary Library
<span>The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. </span><br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/</a>
<span>Learn more:</span><br /><span>Hansan, John E., </span><a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/eras/march-on-washington-august-28-1963/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">March on Washington, D.C. for Jobs and Freedom August 28, 1963</a><span>, Social Welfare History Project</span><br /><a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/eras/march-1963-film/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">The March (1963) [film]</a><span>, Social Welfare History Project</span><br /><a href="http://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/show/251" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom</a><span> [tri-fold publicity flyer], Social Welfare History Image Portal <br /></span>
Presbyterian Church in the United States (PCUS) press release, August 22, 1963
Press release from the headquarters of the Presbyterian Church in the United States (commonly known as the Southern Presbyterian Church) in Atlanta, GA, dated 22 Aug 1963. <br /><br />It announces the official resistance of the PCUS to participation in the March on Washington. It includes the full text of the statement sent to the National Council of Churches stating that the PCUS is "unable to cooperate" with the NCC's Commission on Religion and Race calling for participation. Includes a memo from Bill Lamkin, who sent this text to Aubrey Brown, Jr. for inclusion in the <em>Presbyterian Outlook, </em>the primary news publication of the PCUS since 1944. Aubrey Brown, Jr. served as manager and editor of <em>Presbyterian Outlook</em> for 35 years.<br /><br /><br /><br />
Presbyterian Church in the United States (PCUS)
<span>Aubrey Brown Jr. personal papers collection.</span> <a href="https://upsem.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/?rm=MARCH+ON+WASHI0%7C%7C%7C1%7C%7C%7C0%7C%7C%7Ctrue" title="March on Washington 1963 Digital Collection" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">March on Washington 1963</a> digital collection<span>, Special Collections, William Smith Morton Library, Union Presbyterian Seminary</span>
1963 August 22
Union Presbyterian Seminary Library
<span>The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. </span><br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/</a>
<span>Learn more:</span><br /><span>Hansan, John E., </span><a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/eras/march-on-washington-august-28-1963/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">March on Washington, D.C. for Jobs and Freedom August 28, 1963</a><span>, Social Welfare History Project</span><br /><a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/eras/march-1963-film/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">The March (1963) [film]</a><span>, Social Welfare History Project</span><br /><a href="http://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/show/251" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom</a><span> [tri-fold publicity flyer], Social Welfare History Image Portal</span>
Martin Luther King and the Montgomery Story
Educational comic book published by the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fellowship_of_Reconciliation_(United_States)" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Fellowship of Reconciliation</a> following the success of the Montgomery Bus Boycott. <br /><br />The comic book advocates for the principles of nonviolence and teaches methods of nonviolent resistance. It was produced by the studio of artist Al Capp, who admired Dr. King. <br /><br />Civil rights activist and congressman <a href="https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/authors/profiles/article/58354-a-comic-book-for-social-justice-john-lewis.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Comic book for social justice">John Lewis</a> read and was inspired by this work as a teenager.
Resnick, Benton and Hassler, Alfred (writers)
Barry, Sy (artist)
<a href="https://gallery.library.vcu.edu/items/show/84340" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Special Collections and Archives</a>, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
1958
Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). <br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/</a>
Learn more:<br /><br />Aydin, A. (2013). <a href="https://www.creativeloafing.com/article/13074611/the-comic-book-that-changed-the-world" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Cover Story: The comic book that changed the world.</a> <em>Martin Luther King and the Montgomery Story</em>'s vital role in the Civil Rights Movement. <em>Creative Loafing. <br /></em><br />Bello, G. (2012, July 19). <a href="https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/authors/profiles/article/58354-a-comic-book-for-social-justice-john-lewis.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="A Comic Book for Social Justice: John Lewis">A Comic Book for Social Justice: John Lewis</a>. <em>Publishers Weekly<br /><br /></em>Fellowship of Reconciliation (FOR-USA). <a href="https://forusa.org/martin-luther-king-and-the-montgomery-story-curriculum-guide/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Martin Luther King and The Montgomery Story</em> Curriculum and Study Guide</a><br /><br /><a href="http://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/show/291" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Mammy Yokum and the Great Dogpatch Mystery</a>, Social Welfare History Image Portal. <br /><br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/exhibits/show/comics/gallery" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Discovery Set: Comics on a Mission">Comics on a Mission: Educational and Public Service Comics</a>, Social Welfare History Image Portal
Mobilizing for Busing Protest, Richmond, Va.
Black and white photograph of people preparing for an anti-busing demonstration. A woman stands holding an American flag, and a man standing with her wears a hand-lettered anti-busing sign, "Forced bussing & consolidation of schools will lead to either [arrow points to a Nazi swastika] or [arrow points to Communist red star and a hammer and sickle.]" <br /><br />Other people wearing anti-busing signs mill about in front of the Richmond Coliseum. One woman's sign reads, "I'm not fussing but I will not bus. No! Merhige No!"
Richmond Newspapers, Inc.
P.74.11.18o, <a href="https://thevalentine.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Valentine</a>
1972 February 10
The Valentine
This Work has been digitized in a public-private partnership. As part of this partnership, the partners have agreed to limit commercial uses of this digital representation of the Work by third parties. You can, without permission, copy, modify, distribute, display, or perform the Item, for non-commercial uses. For any other permissible uses, please review the terms and conditions of the organization that has made the Item available. <br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-NC/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-NC/1.0/</a>
Learn more: <br /><br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=busing" target="_blank" title="materials related to school busing" rel="noreferrer noopener">Busing</a>, Social Welfare History Image Portal<br /><br /><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/1972/02/18/archives/3300-autos-driven-to-capital-in-protest-3300-cars-in-the-capital.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">3,300 Autos Driven To Capital in Protest</a><span>, </span><em>The New York Times</em><span>, February 18, 1972.<br /></span><br /><span>Pratt, Robert A. </span><em><em>The Color of Their Skin: Education and Race in Richmond, Virginia, 1954-89. <br /><br /><a href="http://lawreview.richmond.edu/2017/09/28/the-conscience-of-virginia-judge-robert-r-merhige-jr-and-the-politics-of-school-desegregation/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Conscience of Virginia: Judge Robert R. Merhige, Jr., and the Politics of School Desegregation</a> <br /></em></em><br /><a href="https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/338/67/2182321/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Bradley v. School Board of City of Richmond, Virginia, 338 F. Supp. 67 (E.D. Va. 1972) </a>
Anti-Busing Motorcade in Washington, D.C., February 1972
Black and white photograph of a Richmond-based anti-busing motorcade passing through Washington, D.C. on 2nd Street behind the U.S. Supreme Court building. A policeman walks beside two cars.<br /><br /><span>On February 17, 1972, nearly 3,300 cars traveled in a motorcade from Richmond, Virginia to Washington, DC. Despite snow, the protesters made a symbolic journey to Capitol Hill to voice their opposition to Judge Robert Merihge's ruling (</span><em>Bradley v. School Board of City of Richmond, Virginia) </em><span>that public schools</span><span> in Richmond, Henrico County, and Chesterfield County must be consolidated. At that time, Richmond public schools were 70 per cent black while those of the two counties were about 90 per cent white.<br /><br />Cars in the motorcade carried red and white signs reading “Help Save Freedom” and imprinted with a picture of a little red schoolhouse. </span>
Richmond Newspapers, Inc.
P.74.11.18m, <a href="https://thevalentine.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Valentine</a>
1972 February 17
The Valentine
This Work has been digitized in a public-private partnership. As part of this partnership, the partners have agreed to limit commercial uses of this digital representation of the Work by third parties. You can, without permission, copy, modify, distribute, display, or perform the Item, for non-commercial uses. For any other permissible uses, please review the terms and conditions of the organization that has made the Item available. <br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-NC/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-NC/1.0/</a>
Learn more: <br /><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/1972/02/18/archives/3300-autos-driven-to-capital-in-protest-3300-cars-in-the-capital.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">3,300 Autos Driven To Capital in Protest</a><span>, </span><em>The New York Times</em><span>, February 18, 1972.<br /></span><br /><span>Pratt, Robert A. </span><em><em>The Color of Their Skin: Education and Race in Richmond, Virginia, 1954-89. <br /><br /><a href="http://lawreview.richmond.edu/2017/09/28/the-conscience-of-virginia-judge-robert-r-merhige-jr-and-the-politics-of-school-desegregation/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Conscience of Virginia: Judge Robert R. Merhige, Jr., and the Politics of School Desegregation</a> <br /></em></em><br /><a href="https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/338/67/2182321/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Bradley v. School Board of City of Richmond, Virginia, 338 F. Supp. 67 (E.D. Va. 1972) </a> <br /><br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=busing" target="_blank" title="materials related to school busing" rel="noreferrer noopener">Busing</a>, Social Welfare History Image Portal
Anti-School Busing Protest, February 1972
Black and white photograph of a man and a woman in a car during an anti-busing motorcade to Washington, D.C. The car is driving past the U.S. Supreme Court building and has a poster taped to the driver's side door of the car. The poster is of "The Little Red School House" used as a logo by <a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=Save+Our+Neighborhood+Schools" target="_blank" title="SONS" rel="noreferrer noopener">Save Our Neighborhood Schools, Inc.</a> with the words, "Help / Save Freedom." The man leans his head out the window and smiles.<br /><br />On February 17, 1972, nearly 3,300 cars traveled in a motorcade from Richmond, Virginia to Washington, DC. Despite snow, the protesters made a symbolic journey to Capitol Hill to voice their opposition to Judge Robert Merihge's ruling (<em>Bradley v. School Board of City of Richmond, Virginia) </em>that public schools<span> in Richmond, Henrico County, and Chesterfield County must be consolidated. At that time, Richmond public schools were 70 percent black while those of the two counties were about 90 per cent white.<br /><br />Cars in the motorcade carried red and white signs reading “Help Save Freedom” and imprinted with a picture of a little red schoolhouse. <br /></span>
Richmond Newspapers, Inc.
P.74.11.18n, <a href="https://thevalentine.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Valentine</a>
1972 February 17
The Valentine
This Work has been digitized in a public-private partnership. As part of this partnership, the partners have agreed to limit commercial uses of this digital representation of the Work by third parties. You can, without permission, copy, modify, distribute, display, or perform the Item, for non-commercial uses. For any other permissible uses, please review the terms and conditions of the organization that has made the Item available. <br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-NC/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-NC/1.0/</a>
Learn more: <br /><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/1972/02/18/archives/3300-autos-driven-to-capital-in-protest-3300-cars-in-the-capital.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">3,300 Autos Driven To Capital in Protest</a>, <em>The New York Times</em>, February 18, 1972.<br /><br />Pratt, Robert A. <em><em>The Color of Their Skin: Education and Race in Richmond, Virginia, 1954-89. <br /><br /><a href="http://lawreview.richmond.edu/2017/09/28/the-conscience-of-virginia-judge-robert-r-merhige-jr-and-the-politics-of-school-desegregation/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Conscience of Virginia: Judge Robert R. Merhige, Jr., and the Politics of School Desegregation</a> <br /><br /></em></em><a href="https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/338/67/2182321/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Bradley v. School Board of City of Richmond, Virginia, 338 F. Supp. 67 (E.D. Va. 1972) </a> <br /><br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=busing" target="_blank" title="materials related to school busing" rel="noreferrer noopener">Busing</a>, Social Welfare History Image Portal
Southern Christian Leadership Conference Newsletter, (Vol. 1, No. 12), September 1963
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) newsletter published weeks after the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. The newsletter reports on the March and also reports on the upcoming 7th Annual conference to take place at Virginia Union University in Richmond, Virginia, September 24 - 27, 1963. As president of the SCLC, Martin Luther King, Jr. attended the conference and spoke on the final evening.<br />
Southern Christian Leadership Conference
<a href="https://upsem.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/?rm=MARCH+ON+WASHI0%7C%7C%7C1%7C%7C%7C0%7C%7C%7Ctrue" title="March on Washington 1963 Digital Collection" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">March on Washington 1963</a><span>, Special Collections, William Smith Morton Library, Union Presbyterian Seminary</span>
1963 September
Union Presbyterian Seminary Library
Copyright Southern Christian Leadership Conference.<br /><br /><span>This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).</span><br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/</a>
Learn more: <br /><span>Hansan, John E., </span><a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/eras/march-on-washington-august-28-1963/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">March on Washington, D.C. for Jobs and Freedom August 28, 1963</a><span>, Social Welfare History Project</span><br /><a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/eras/march-1963-film/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">The March (1963) [film]</a><span>, Social Welfare History Project</span><br /><a href="http://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/show/248" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom</a><span> [publicity flyer], Social Welfare History Image Portal</span>
We Will Die For Our Civil Rights [1963 Farmville, Va. protests]
Protesters in front of J.J. Newberry, Main Street, Farmville, Va., July 1963. John Hicks carries sign in foreground; Isaac Dungee stands behind him.<br /><br />From VCU Libraries <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/freedom_now_project/12464882674/in/album-72157640935144155/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Freedom Now Project</a>
<a href="https://digital.library.vcu.edu/islandora/object/vcu%3A4293" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Farmville 1963 Civil Rights Protests</a>, VCU Libraries Digital Collections
1963 July
Digital Collections, VCU Libraries
<span><span>This item is in the public domain. Acknowledgement of the Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.</span></span>
Learn more:<a href="https://www.library.vcu.edu/research-teaching/special-collections-and-archives/exhibits/freedom-now/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">VCU Libraries Freedom Now Project</a> <br /><a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Massive_Resistance" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Massive Resistance</a>, <em>Encyclopedia Virginia <br /></em><a href="https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/hist_pubs/3/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Program of Action: The Rev. L. Francis Griffin and the Struggle for Racial Equality in Farmville, 1963</a>, VCU Libraries Scholars Compass.
The Closing of "Public Schools" in P. E. County has Disgrace the State of Virginia [1963 Farmville, Va. protests]
Students protest Prince Edward County public school closings, Main Street near courthouse, Farmville, Va., July 1963. <br /><br />Sandra "Sandy" Stokes in foreground. Second person in line is Everett Berryman, Jr. followed by Emerson Hunt.<br /><br />from <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/freedom_now_project/12465651004/in/album-72157640935144155/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">VCU Libraries Freedom Now Project</a>
<a href="https://digital.library.vcu.edu/islandora/object/vcu%3A4386" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Farmville 1963 Civil Rights Protests</a>,<span> VCU Libraries Digital Collections</span>
1963 July
Digital Collections, VCU Libraries
<span>This item is in the public domain. Acknowledgement of the Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.</span>
Learn more:<a href="https://www.library.vcu.edu/research-teaching/special-collections-and-archives/exhibits/freedom-now/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">VCU Libraries Freedom Now Project</a> <br /><a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Massive_Resistance" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Massive Resistance</a>, <em>Encyclopedia Virginia <br /></em><a href="https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/hist_pubs/3/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Program of Action: The Rev. L. Francis Griffin and the Struggle for Racial Equality in Farmville, 1963</a>, VCU Libraries Scholars Compass.
America is our JAIL as long as JIM CROW LIVES [1963 Farmville, Va. protests]
Protesters and shoppers outside Southside Sundry, Farmville, Va., July 1963.<br /><br /><span>The Rev. James "Jimmy" Franklin of Sharon Baptist Church in Cumberland carries "America is our Jail..." sign. Catherine Scott is at right.</span><br /><br />From VCU Libraries <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/freedom_now_project/12465520995/in/album-72157640935144155/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Freedom Now Project</a>
<a href="https://digital.library.vcu.edu/islandora/object/vcu%3A4510" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Farmville 1963 Civil Rights Protests</a>, VCU Libraries Digital Collections
1963 July 29
Digital Collections, VCU Libraries
<span>This item is in the public domain. Acknowledgement of the Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.</span>
Learn more:<a href="https://www.library.vcu.edu/research-teaching/special-collections-and-archives/exhibits/freedom-now/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">VCU Libraries Freedom Now Project</a> <br /><a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Massive_Resistance" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Massive Resistance</a>, <em>Encyclopedia Virginia <br /></em><a href="https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/hist_pubs/3/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Program of Action: The Rev. L. Francis Griffin and the Struggle for Racial Equality in Farmville, 1963</a>, VCU Libraries Scholars Compass.
Father Forgive them for they know not what they do / Educate Don't Segregate [1963 Farmville, Va. protests]
Protesters in front of Prince Edward County Courthouse, Main St., Farmville, Va., July 1963. <br /><br /><span>The Rev. Goodwin Douglas, pastor of Beulah AME, with "Father forgive them..." sign. <span>Fourth person in line behind the Rev. Douglas is Clara Gibson. Visible behind her is Sandra "Sandy" Stokes.</span></span>
<a href="https://digital.library.vcu.edu/islandora/object/vcu%3A4569" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Farmville 1963 Civil Rights Protests</a>, VCU Libraries Digital Collections
1963 July
Digital Collections, VCU Libraries
This item is in the public domain. Acknowledgement of the Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.
Learn more:<a href="https://www.library.vcu.edu/research-teaching/special-collections-and-archives/exhibits/freedom-now/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">VCU Libraries Freedom Now Project</a> <br /><a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Massive_Resistance" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Massive Resistance</a>, <em>Encyclopedia Virginia <br /></em><a href="https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/hist_pubs/3/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Program of Action: The Rev. L. Francis Griffin and the Struggle for Racial Equality in Farmville, 1963</a>, VCU Libraries Scholars Compass.
No One is Free Until We All Are Free [1963 Farmville, Va. protests]
Protesters at Safeway, Farmville, Va., August 1963<br /><br />Protesters carry signs opposing racial segregation, and encouraging shoppers to boycott businesses that support discriminatory practices.<br /><br />From VCU Libraries <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/freedom_now_project/12465622704/in/album-72157640891758243/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Freedom Now Project</a>
<a href="https://digital.library.vcu.edu/islandora/object/vcu%3A4376" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Farmville 1963 Civil Rights Protests</a><span>,</span><span> VCU Libraries Digital Collections</span>
1963 August 24
Digital Collections, VCU Libraries
<span>This item is in the public domain. Acknowledgement of the Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.</span>
Learn more:<a href="https://www.library.vcu.edu/research-teaching/special-collections-and-archives/exhibits/freedom-now/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">VCU Libraries Freedom Now Project</a> <br /><a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Massive_Resistance" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Massive Resistance</a>, <em>Encyclopedia Virginia <br /></em><a href="https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/hist_pubs/3/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Program of Action: The Rev. L. Francis Griffin and the Struggle for Racial Equality in Farmville, 1963</a>, VCU Libraries Scholars Compass.
Don't Buy Segregation [1963 Farmville, Va. protests]
<span><span>Protesters near Southside Sundry and Southside Business Machines, Main Street, Farmville, Va., July 1963.<br /><br /><span>Irene Williams carries "Don't Buy Segregation." Kenneth Johnson stands at left in dark pants.</span></span><br /><br />Protesters carry signs opposing racial segregation, and encouraging shoppers to boycott businesses that support discriminatory practices.</span>
<a href="https://digital.library.vcu.edu/islandora/object/vcu%3A4633" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Farmville 1963 Civil Rights Protests</a><span>,</span><span> VCU Libraries Digital Collections</span>
1963 July
Digital Collections, VCU Libraries
This item is in the public domain. Acknowledgement of the Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.
Learn more:<a href="https://www.library.vcu.edu/research-teaching/special-collections-and-archives/exhibits/freedom-now/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">VCU Libraries Freedom Now Project</a> <br /><a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Massive_Resistance" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Massive Resistance</a>, <em>Encyclopedia Virginia <br /></em><a href="https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/hist_pubs/3/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Program of Action: The Rev. L. Francis Griffin and the Struggle for Racial Equality in Farmville, 1963</a>, VCU Libraries Scholars Compass.
Mr. Grocer: Tell Your Friends, You'll See our Dollars when Segregation Ends! [1963 Farmville, Va. protests]
Protesters <span>at Grants, Farmville Shopping Center, August 1963. Students </span>carry signs opposing racial segregation, and encouraging shoppers to boycott businesses that support discriminatory practices.<br /><br /><span>Darwyn White carries the "Mr. Grocer.." sign. Protester behind her carries sign reading, "If they don't see money, they'll see the truth. Boycott for Freedom."</span><br /><br /><br />From VCU Libraries <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/freedom_now_project/12465273424/in/album-72157640935491185/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Freedom Now Project</a>
<a href="https://digital.library.vcu.edu/islandora/object/vcu%3A4261" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Farmville 1963 Civil Rights Protests</a><span>,</span><span> VCU Libraries Digital Collections</span>
1963 August 24
Digital Collections, VCU Libraries
<span>This item is in the public domain. Acknowledgement of the Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.</span>
Learn more:<a href="https://www.library.vcu.edu/research-teaching/special-collections-and-archives/exhibits/freedom-now/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">VCU Libraries Freedom Now Project</a> <br /><a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Massive_Resistance" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Massive Resistance</a>, <em>Encyclopedia Virginia <br /></em><a href="https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/hist_pubs/3/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Program of Action: The Rev. L. Francis Griffin and the Struggle for Racial Equality in Farmville, 1963</a>, VCU Libraries Scholars Compass.
Closed Schools Constitute Catastrophe!!! [1963 Farmville, Va. protests]
Demonstration in front of Prince Edward County Courthouse, Main Street, Farmville, Va., July 1963, protesting the four-year long closure of the public schools <br /><br />Clara Gibson is closest to camera. Third person in line is Sandra "Sandy" Stokes. Second protester carries sign reading, "Ask Mr. Vaughn Why The Schools Are Closed. He will 'Him' and 'Haw' and Decline to Disclose!"<br /><br />From VCU Libraries <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/freedom_now_project/12464900743/in/album-72157640935144155/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Freedom Now Project</a>
<a href="https://digital.library.vcu.edu/islandora/object/vcu%3A4252" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Farmville 1963 Civil Rights Protests</a><span>,</span><span> VCU Libraries Digital Collections</span>
1963 July
Digital Collections, VCU Libraries
This item is in the public domain. Acknowledgement of the Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.
Learn more:<a href="https://www.library.vcu.edu/research-teaching/special-collections-and-archives/exhibits/freedom-now/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">VCU Libraries Freedom Now Project</a> <br /><a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Massive_Resistance" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Massive Resistance</a>, <em>Encyclopedia Virginia <br /></em><a href="https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/hist_pubs/3/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Program of Action: The Rev. L. Francis Griffin and the Struggle for Racial Equality in Farmville, 1963</a>, VCU Libraries Scholars Compass.
Americans Do Not Practice What They Preach [1963 Farmville, Va. protests]
<span>Protestor outside Safeway, Farmville Shopping Center, August 1963. </span><br /><br />Demonstrators carry signs opposing racial segregation, and encouraging shoppers to boycott businesses that support discriminatory practices.<br /><br />From VCU Libraries <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/freedom_now_project/12465792375/in/album-72157640891758243/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Freedom Now Project</a>
<a href="https://digital.library.vcu.edu/islandora/object/vcu%3A4601" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Farmville 1963 Civil Rights Protests</a><span>,</span><span> VCU Libraries Digital Collections</span>
<span>1963 August 24</span>
Digital Collections, VCU Libraries
This item is in the public domain. Acknowledgement of the Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.
Learn more:<a href="https://www.library.vcu.edu/research-teaching/special-collections-and-archives/exhibits/freedom-now/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">VCU Libraries Freedom Now Project</a> <br /><a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Massive_Resistance" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Massive Resistance</a>, <em>Encyclopedia Virginia <br /></em><a href="https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/hist_pubs/3/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Program of Action: The Rev. L. Francis Griffin and the Struggle for Racial Equality in Farmville, 1963</a>, VCU Libraries Scholars Compass.
Singing Solidarity Forever, Passaic County, 1926
Strikers raise their fists and sing as they march down a street during the Passaic Textile Strike, 1926. One striker wears a military uniform. <br /><br />Photograph is marked for cropping. <br /><br />The I.W.W. song "Solidarity Forever" was sung to the tune of "John Brown's Body." The words, written by Ralph Chaplin, begin, <br /><br /><em>When the Union's inspiration through the worker's blood shall run,</em><br /><em>There can be no power greater anywhere beneath the sun;</em><br /><em>Yet what force on earth is weaker than the feeble strength of one?</em><br /><em>But the Union makes us strong.</em><br /><br />Chorus: <br /><em>Solidarity forever, solidarity forever,</em><br /><em>Solidarity forever, for the union makes us strong.</em>
<a href="https://www.labormuseum.net/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">American Labor Museum / Botto House National Landmark</a> <br /><br /><span class="resultFull__result-title">Persistent URL: </span><span class="resultFull__result-text"><a class="ext" href="https://doi.org/doi:10.7282/T3GH9K76" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://doi.org/doi:10.7282/T3GH9K76</a></span>
1926
American Labor Museum
<span>The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use.</span><br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/</a>
Learn more:<br /><a href="http://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/organizations/labor/passaic-textile-strike-1926-2/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Passaic Textile Strike, 1926</a>, Social Welfare History Project<br /><a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/organizations/labor/passaic-textile-strike-1926-film/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Passaic Textile Strike (1926) - film</a>, Social Welfare History Project<br /><a href="http://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=labor" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Labor</a>, Social Welfare History Image Portal
Marching through snow and sleet, Passaic, New Jersey, 1926
Strikers march through snow during the Passaic Textile Strike, 1926. One woman blows a horn. <br />Two signs are partially visible:<br /><br />"A Mill-Worker's Sunday Socks. One Pair A Year..."<br /><br />"Things That Cause Strikes<br />Empty Milk Bottles<br />We Want More Milk For Baby<br />Strike"
<a href="https://www.labormuseum.net/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">American Labor Museum / Botto House National Landmark</a> <br /><br /><span class="resultFull__result-title">Persistent URL: </span><span class="resultFull__result-text"><a class="ext" href="https://doi.org/doi:10.7282/T3DF6SQH" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://doi.org/doi:10.7282/T3DF6SQH</a></span>
1926
American Labor Museum
<span>The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use.</span><br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/</a>
Learn more:<br /><a href="http://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/organizations/labor/passaic-textile-strike-1926-2/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Passaic Textile Strike, 1926</a>, Social Welfare History Project<br /><a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/organizations/labor/passaic-textile-strike-1926-film/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Passaic Textile Strike (1926) - film</a>, Social Welfare History Project<br /><a href="http://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=labor" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Labor</a>, Social Welfare History Image Portal
March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom [publicity flyer]
The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom took place on 28 August 1963. An estimated 250,000 people attended the massive, peaceful rally, while many more watched the dramatic events live on television.<br /><br />This flyer reads:<br /><br />"An Appeal to You from <br />Mathew Ahmann <br />Eugene Carson Blake <br />James Farmer <br />Martin Luther King, Jr. <br />John Lewis <br />Isaiah Minkoff <br />A. Philip Randolph <br />Walter Reuther <br />Roy Wilkins <br />Whitney Young<br /><br />to MARCH on WASHINGTON<br />Wednesday August 28, 1963<br /><br />America faces a crisis ...<br />Millions of Negroes are denied freedom ...<br />Millions of citizens, black and white, are unemployed ...<br /><br />We demand: <br />-- Meaningful Civil Rights Laws <br />-- Massive Federal Works Program <br />-- Full and Fair Employment <br />-- Decent Housing <br />-- The Right to Vote <br />-- Adequate Integrated Education<br /><br />In your community, groups are mobilizing for the March. You can get information on how to go to Washington by calling civil rights organizations, religious organizations, trade unions, fraternal organizations and youth groups.<br /><br />National Office -- <br />MARCH ON WASHINGTON FOR JOBS AND FREEDOM <br />170 West 130 Street <br />New York 27 <br />FI 8-1900 <br />Cleveland Robinson, Chairman, Administrative Committee <br />Bayard Rustin, Deputy Director
<a href="https://upsem.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/?rm=MARCH+ON+WASHI0%7C%7C%7C1%7C%7C%7C0%7C%7C%7Ctrue" title="March on Washington 1963 Digital Collection" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">March on Washington 1963</a>, Special Collections, William Smith Morton Library, Union Presbyterian Seminary
1963
<span>Union Presbyterian Seminary Library</span>
<span>The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. <br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/</a><br /></span>
Learn more:<br />Hansan, John E., <a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/eras/march-on-washington-august-28-1963/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">March on Washington, D.C. for Jobs and Freedom August 28, 1963</a>, Social Welfare History Project<br /><a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/eras/march-1963-film/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">The March (1963) [film]</a>, Social Welfare History Project<br /><a href="http://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/show/251" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom</a> [tri-fold publicity flyer], Social Welfare History Image Portal
March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom [tri-fold publicity flyer]
Tri-fold flyer encouraging all Americans to join the March on Washington which would take place on Wednesday, August 28, 1963. <br /><br />Text on front page:<br /><br />"The time is NOW for all Americans Black and White to join the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. A call to action by James Farmer, Martin Luther King, John Lewis, A. Philip Randolph, Roy Wilkins, Whitney Young. Wednesday, August 28, 1963."<br /> <br />Text from inside flyer:<br /><br />"<strong>America faces a crisis... </strong><br /><strong>Millions of citizens are unemployed... </strong><br /><strong>Millions are denied freedom... </strong><br /><br />The twin evils of discrimination and exonomic deprivation plague the nation. They rob all people, Negro and white, of dignity, self-respect and freedom. They impose a special burden up the Negro who is denied the right to vote, refused access to public accommodations, forced to accept inferior education and relegated to sub-standard ghetto housing.<br /><br />One hundred years after the Emancipation Proclamation, the American Negro still bears the brunt of economic exploitation, the indignity of second-class citizenship, and ignominy of slave wages.<br /><br />The rate of Negro unemployment is almost three times higher than that of white workers, breeding misery, frustration and degradation in every community -- North and South.<br /><br />Discrimination in education and in apprenticeship training renders Negroes, Puerto Ricans and other minorities helpless in our mechanized, industrial society. Shunted to relief, to charity, or to living by their wits, the jobless are driven to despair, to crime, to hatred and to violence.<br /><br /><strong>Yet, despite this crisis...</strong><br />Southern Democrats and reactionary Republicans in Congress are still working to defeat any effective civil rights legislation. They fight against the rights of all workers and minority groups. They are the sworn enemies of freedom and justice. They proclaim states rights in order to destroy human rights.<br /><br />The Southern Democrats came to power by disenfranchising the Negro people. They know that as long as black workers are voteless, exploited, depressed and underpaid the fight of white workers for decent wages and working conditions will fail. They know that semi-slavery for one means semi-slavery for all. <br /><br />We oppose these forces. We appeal for unity to destroy this century-long hoax....<br /><br /><strong>We call upon all Americans, regardless of race or creed to join the March on Washington <em>for freedom</em>. </strong><br /><br />
<ul>
<li>To demand that Congress pass a civil rights bill that will restore the constitutional rights now denied the Negro people.</li>
<li>To assure neither watering down, nor compromise, nor filibuster against civil rights legislation by either political party.</li>
<li>To offer a great witness to the basic moral principle of human equality and brotherhood. </li>
</ul>
<strong>We call upon all Americans, regardless of race or creed to join the March on Washington <em>for jobs</em>.<br /><br /></strong>
<ul>
<li>In their historic non-violent revolt for freedom, the Negro people are demanding the right to decent jobs -- recognizing that their struggle is inextricably linked with the struggle for decent jobs for all Americans. </li>
<li>They know that, in the long run, there is no way for Negroes to win and hold jobs unless the problems of automation, a stagnant economy, and discrimination are solved; therefore, the Federal government must establish a massive works program to train and employ all Americans at decent wages and at meaningful and dignified labor.</li>
</ul>
------- <br />We call upon you and upon all organizations -- churches, fraternal societies, labor unions, civil groups, youth groups and professional associations -- to accelerate the dynamic, non-violent thrust of the civil rights revolution by joining<br /><br /><strong>The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom</strong><br />To restore economic Freedom to all in this nation<br />To blot out once and for all the scourge of racial discrimination<br /><strong>The time is NOW"</strong>
<a href="https://upsem.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/?rm=MARCH+ON+WASHI0%7C%7C%7C1%7C%7C%7C0%7C%7C%7Ctrue" title="March on Washington 1963 Digital Collection" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">March on Washington 1963</a><span>, Special Collections, William Smith Morton Library, Union Presbyterian Seminary</span>
1963
Union Presbyterian Seminary Library
<span>The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. <br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/</a><br /></span>
<span>Learn more:</span><br /><span>Hansan, John E., </span><a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/eras/march-on-washington-august-28-1963/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">March on Washington, D.C. for Jobs and Freedom August 28, 1963</a><span>, Social Welfare History Project</span><br /><a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/eras/march-1963-film/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">The March (1963) [film]</a><span>, Social Welfare History Project</span><br /><a href="http://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/show/248" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom</a><span> [publicity flyer], Social Welfare History Image Portal</span>
Students sing outside Beulah AME Church Parsonage, Farmville, Va., August 1963
Students sing outside Beulah AME Church Parsonage, Farmville, Va., August 1963, in protest of the closing of Prince Edward County Schools. Woman singing at left is Ernestine Land. Tony Reid stands at right.
<a href="http://dig.library.vcu.edu/cdm/landingpage/collection/far" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Farmville 1963 Civil Rights Protests</a><span>, VCU Libraries Digital Collections</span>
<span>Digital Collections, VCU Libraries</span>
<span>This item is in the public domain. Acknowledgement of the Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.</span>
Learn more: <br /><a href="https://www.library.vcu.edu/about/special-collections/exhibits/freedom-now/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">VCU Libraries Freedom Now Project</a> <br /><a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Massive_Resistance" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Massive Resistance</a>, <em>Encyclopedia Virginia <br /></em><a href="https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/hist_pubs/3/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Program of Action: The Rev. L. Francis Griffin and the Struggle for Racial Equality in Farmville, 1963</a>, VCU Libraries Scholars Compass.