America is our JAIL as long as JIM CROW LIVES [1963 Farmville, Va. protests]
Protesters and shoppers outside Southside Sundry, Farmville, Va., July 1963.<br /><br /><span>The Rev. James "Jimmy" Franklin of Sharon Baptist Church in Cumberland carries "America is our Jail..." sign. Catherine Scott is at right.</span><br /><br />From VCU Libraries <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/freedom_now_project/12465520995/in/album-72157640935144155/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Freedom Now Project</a>
<a href="https://digital.library.vcu.edu/islandora/object/vcu%3A4510" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Farmville 1963 Civil Rights Protests</a>, VCU Libraries Digital Collections
1963 July 29
Digital Collections, VCU Libraries
<span>This item is in the public domain. Acknowledgement of the Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.</span>
Learn more:<a href="https://www.library.vcu.edu/research-teaching/special-collections-and-archives/exhibits/freedom-now/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">VCU Libraries Freedom Now Project</a> <br /><a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Massive_Resistance" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Massive Resistance</a>, <em>Encyclopedia Virginia <br /></em><a href="https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/hist_pubs/3/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Program of Action: The Rev. L. Francis Griffin and the Struggle for Racial Equality in Farmville, 1963</a>, VCU Libraries Scholars Compass.
Americans Do Not Practice What They Preach [1963 Farmville, Va. protests]
<span>Protestor outside Safeway, Farmville Shopping Center, August 1963. </span><br /><br />Demonstrators carry signs opposing racial segregation, and encouraging shoppers to boycott businesses that support discriminatory practices.<br /><br />From VCU Libraries <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/freedom_now_project/12465792375/in/album-72157640891758243/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Freedom Now Project</a>
<a href="https://digital.library.vcu.edu/islandora/object/vcu%3A4601" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Farmville 1963 Civil Rights Protests</a><span>,</span><span> VCU Libraries Digital Collections</span>
<span>1963 August 24</span>
Digital Collections, VCU Libraries
This item is in the public domain. Acknowledgement of the Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.
Learn more:<a href="https://www.library.vcu.edu/research-teaching/special-collections-and-archives/exhibits/freedom-now/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">VCU Libraries Freedom Now Project</a> <br /><a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Massive_Resistance" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Massive Resistance</a>, <em>Encyclopedia Virginia <br /></em><a href="https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/hist_pubs/3/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Program of Action: The Rev. L. Francis Griffin and the Struggle for Racial Equality in Farmville, 1963</a>, VCU Libraries Scholars Compass.
Anti-Busing Motorcade in Washington, D.C., February 1972
Black and white photograph of a Richmond-based anti-busing motorcade passing through Washington, D.C. on 2nd Street behind the U.S. Supreme Court building. A policeman walks beside two cars.<br /><br /><span>On February 17, 1972, nearly 3,300 cars traveled in a motorcade from Richmond, Virginia to Washington, DC. Despite snow, the protesters made a symbolic journey to Capitol Hill to voice their opposition to Judge Robert Merihge's ruling (</span><em>Bradley v. School Board of City of Richmond, Virginia) </em><span>that public schools</span><span> in Richmond, Henrico County, and Chesterfield County must be consolidated. At that time, Richmond public schools were 70 per cent black while those of the two counties were about 90 per cent white.<br /><br />Cars in the motorcade carried red and white signs reading “Help Save Freedom” and imprinted with a picture of a little red schoolhouse. </span>
Richmond Newspapers, Inc.
P.74.11.18m, <a href="https://thevalentine.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Valentine</a>
1972 February 17
The Valentine
This Work has been digitized in a public-private partnership. As part of this partnership, the partners have agreed to limit commercial uses of this digital representation of the Work by third parties. You can, without permission, copy, modify, distribute, display, or perform the Item, for non-commercial uses. For any other permissible uses, please review the terms and conditions of the organization that has made the Item available. <br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-NC/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-NC/1.0/</a>
Learn more: <br /><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/1972/02/18/archives/3300-autos-driven-to-capital-in-protest-3300-cars-in-the-capital.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">3,300 Autos Driven To Capital in Protest</a><span>, </span><em>The New York Times</em><span>, February 18, 1972.<br /></span><br /><span>Pratt, Robert A. </span><em><em>The Color of Their Skin: Education and Race in Richmond, Virginia, 1954-89. <br /><br /><a href="http://lawreview.richmond.edu/2017/09/28/the-conscience-of-virginia-judge-robert-r-merhige-jr-and-the-politics-of-school-desegregation/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Conscience of Virginia: Judge Robert R. Merhige, Jr., and the Politics of School Desegregation</a> <br /></em></em><br /><a href="https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/338/67/2182321/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Bradley v. School Board of City of Richmond, Virginia, 338 F. Supp. 67 (E.D. Va. 1972) </a> <br /><br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=busing" target="_blank" title="materials related to school busing" rel="noreferrer noopener">Busing</a>, Social Welfare History Image Portal
Anti-School Busing Protest, February 1972
Black and white photograph of a man and a woman in a car during an anti-busing motorcade to Washington, D.C. The car is driving past the U.S. Supreme Court building and has a poster taped to the driver's side door of the car. The poster is of "The Little Red School House" used as a logo by <a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=Save+Our+Neighborhood+Schools" target="_blank" title="SONS" rel="noreferrer noopener">Save Our Neighborhood Schools, Inc.</a> with the words, "Help / Save Freedom." The man leans his head out the window and smiles.<br /><br />On February 17, 1972, nearly 3,300 cars traveled in a motorcade from Richmond, Virginia to Washington, DC. Despite snow, the protesters made a symbolic journey to Capitol Hill to voice their opposition to Judge Robert Merihge's ruling (<em>Bradley v. School Board of City of Richmond, Virginia) </em>that public schools<span> in Richmond, Henrico County, and Chesterfield County must be consolidated. At that time, Richmond public schools were 70 percent black while those of the two counties were about 90 per cent white.<br /><br />Cars in the motorcade carried red and white signs reading “Help Save Freedom” and imprinted with a picture of a little red schoolhouse. <br /></span>
Richmond Newspapers, Inc.
P.74.11.18n, <a href="https://thevalentine.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Valentine</a>
1972 February 17
The Valentine
This Work has been digitized in a public-private partnership. As part of this partnership, the partners have agreed to limit commercial uses of this digital representation of the Work by third parties. You can, without permission, copy, modify, distribute, display, or perform the Item, for non-commercial uses. For any other permissible uses, please review the terms and conditions of the organization that has made the Item available. <br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-NC/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-NC/1.0/</a>
Learn more: <br /><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/1972/02/18/archives/3300-autos-driven-to-capital-in-protest-3300-cars-in-the-capital.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">3,300 Autos Driven To Capital in Protest</a>, <em>The New York Times</em>, February 18, 1972.<br /><br />Pratt, Robert A. <em><em>The Color of Their Skin: Education and Race in Richmond, Virginia, 1954-89. <br /><br /><a href="http://lawreview.richmond.edu/2017/09/28/the-conscience-of-virginia-judge-robert-r-merhige-jr-and-the-politics-of-school-desegregation/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Conscience of Virginia: Judge Robert R. Merhige, Jr., and the Politics of School Desegregation</a> <br /><br /></em></em><a href="https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/338/67/2182321/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Bradley v. School Board of City of Richmond, Virginia, 338 F. Supp. 67 (E.D. Va. 1972) </a> <br /><br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=busing" target="_blank" title="materials related to school busing" rel="noreferrer noopener">Busing</a>, Social Welfare History Image Portal
Closed Schools Constitute Catastrophe!!! [1963 Farmville, Va. protests]
Demonstration in front of Prince Edward County Courthouse, Main Street, Farmville, Va., July 1963, protesting the four-year long closure of the public schools <br /><br />Clara Gibson is closest to camera. Third person in line is Sandra "Sandy" Stokes. Second protester carries sign reading, "Ask Mr. Vaughn Why The Schools Are Closed. He will 'Him' and 'Haw' and Decline to Disclose!"<br /><br />From VCU Libraries <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/freedom_now_project/12464900743/in/album-72157640935144155/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Freedom Now Project</a>
<a href="https://digital.library.vcu.edu/islandora/object/vcu%3A4252" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Farmville 1963 Civil Rights Protests</a><span>,</span><span> VCU Libraries Digital Collections</span>
1963 July
Digital Collections, VCU Libraries
This item is in the public domain. Acknowledgement of the Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.
Learn more:<a href="https://www.library.vcu.edu/research-teaching/special-collections-and-archives/exhibits/freedom-now/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">VCU Libraries Freedom Now Project</a> <br /><a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Massive_Resistance" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Massive Resistance</a>, <em>Encyclopedia Virginia <br /></em><a href="https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/hist_pubs/3/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Program of Action: The Rev. L. Francis Griffin and the Struggle for Racial Equality in Farmville, 1963</a>, VCU Libraries Scholars Compass.
Don't Buy Segregation [1963 Farmville, Va. protests]
<span><span>Protesters near Southside Sundry and Southside Business Machines, Main Street, Farmville, Va., July 1963.<br /><br /><span>Irene Williams carries "Don't Buy Segregation." Kenneth Johnson stands at left in dark pants.</span></span><br /><br />Protesters carry signs opposing racial segregation, and encouraging shoppers to boycott businesses that support discriminatory practices.</span>
<a href="https://digital.library.vcu.edu/islandora/object/vcu%3A4633" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Farmville 1963 Civil Rights Protests</a><span>,</span><span> VCU Libraries Digital Collections</span>
1963 July
Digital Collections, VCU Libraries
This item is in the public domain. Acknowledgement of the Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.
Learn more:<a href="https://www.library.vcu.edu/research-teaching/special-collections-and-archives/exhibits/freedom-now/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">VCU Libraries Freedom Now Project</a> <br /><a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Massive_Resistance" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Massive Resistance</a>, <em>Encyclopedia Virginia <br /></em><a href="https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/hist_pubs/3/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Program of Action: The Rev. L. Francis Griffin and the Struggle for Racial Equality in Farmville, 1963</a>, VCU Libraries Scholars Compass.
Every Man His Own Law [cover title: In those days there was no king in Israel...]
<span>This booklet was distributed by the Virginia Commission on Constitutional Government (VCCG) . Led by David J. Mays, a prominent lawyer and advisor to Virginia’s commission on the response to the <em>Brown v. Board of Education</em> decision, it advocated nationally for states’ rights and conservatism, and eventually distributed over 2 million published pamphlets, brochures and speeches. This booklet argues against the Voting Rights Act and describes demonstrations as looting and mobbery. </span><br /><br />Excerpts:<br /><br />EVERY MAN HIS OWN LAW. <br />A commentary by the Virginia Commission on Constitutional Government concerning the unparalleled lawlessness in the streets of the Nation today. The Appendix contains excerpts from the Constitution of the United States; the Virginia Bill of Rights; and excerpts from the Code of Virginia. Specifically covered are several sections of the Code of Virginia dealing with suppression of and punishment for riotous acts.<br /><br /><em>In those days there was no king in Israel: every man did that which was right in his own eyes. --JUDGES 21:25</em><br /><br />Forward: It seems necessary and appropriate, however, to devote one pamphlet to a protest against the current unparalleled lawlessness that has plagued many of our cities, and which, if continued, would destroy those very liberties which the rioters profess to cherish but seek to gain through lawless acts.<br /><br />p.6 The ballot box is secret and is made accessible to those who have no property qualifications whatsoever and pay no taxes of any kind; and to those who cannot even read the comics. The most ignorant now has the same voice as the philosopher--often much greater because of the weight of minorities in key states in presidential elections. <br /><br />p.8 The American people are long-suffering and will tolerate repeated abuses; but a time comes when they rise in wrath to stamp them out. When they do, no minority group can resiste them, no matter what means it employs. <br /><br />p.9 They are insurrections against government. And it is no longer a matter of race, because some white hoodlums join in the loot, and the property taken and destroyed belongs to Negroes as well as to whites. It is the attack of the lowest of our citizens against any who may have achieved some measure of economic success.... <br /><br />It is to our shame that police officers have been ordered to shoot only in self-defense while mobs run wild, committing every excess. <br /><br />p.10 If they [police] are inadequate to quell insurrection, and if National Guard units may be too thin to put down several mobs at the same time, then we must organize, arm, and train home guard units in all our cities, composed of law-abiding citizens of both races. <br /><br />Mobbery has no place in free America. It must be destroyed.<br /><br /><br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=Virginia+Commission+on+Constitutional+Government" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Other VCCG publications">Other VCCG publications</a> in the Image Portal
<a href="http://librarycatalog.virginiahistory.org/final/Portal/Default.aspx?component=AAAAIY&amp;record=76257a97-9be4-4971-b1b5-351eec5dcce9" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Search VMHC for this item">General collection. Call number K 49 V75 E8</a>. Library of the Virginia Museum of History and Culture, Virginia Historical Society
1967 October
Virginia Museum of History and Culture, Virginia Historical Society
NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES <br />The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. <br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/</a><br /><br />Acknowledgement of the Virginia Historical Society as a source is requested.
Learn more: <br /><br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/exhibits/show/controlling-the-vote/gallery" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Discovery Set: Controlling the Vote">Controlling the Vote -- Rights. Registration. Representation.</a> Social Welfare History Image Portal<br /><br /><a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/uncategorized/voting-rights-act-of-1965/" target="_blank" title="Introduction to the Voting Rights Act" rel="noreferrer noopener">Voting Rights Act of 1965. An Introduction</a>. <em>Social Welfare History Project </em> <br /><br />Hershman, J. H. Jr. <a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Massive_Resistance" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Massive Resistance">Massive Resistance</a>. (2011, June 29). <em>Encyclopedia Virginia <br /><br /><br /></em>
Father Forgive them for they know not what they do / Educate Don't Segregate [1963 Farmville, Va. protests]
Protesters in front of Prince Edward County Courthouse, Main St., Farmville, Va., July 1963. <br /><br /><span>The Rev. Goodwin Douglas, pastor of Beulah AME, with "Father forgive them..." sign. <span>Fourth person in line behind the Rev. Douglas is Clara Gibson. Visible behind her is Sandra "Sandy" Stokes.</span></span>
<a href="https://digital.library.vcu.edu/islandora/object/vcu%3A4569" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Farmville 1963 Civil Rights Protests</a>, VCU Libraries Digital Collections
1963 July
Digital Collections, VCU Libraries
This item is in the public domain. Acknowledgement of the Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.
Learn more:<a href="https://www.library.vcu.edu/research-teaching/special-collections-and-archives/exhibits/freedom-now/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">VCU Libraries Freedom Now Project</a> <br /><a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Massive_Resistance" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Massive Resistance</a>, <em>Encyclopedia Virginia <br /></em><a href="https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/hist_pubs/3/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Program of Action: The Rev. L. Francis Griffin and the Struggle for Racial Equality in Farmville, 1963</a>, VCU Libraries Scholars Compass.
Interracial News Service, vol. 9, no. 2, February 1938
A news digest published by the Department of Race Relations, Federal Council of Churches, New York, NY. <br /><br />The Federal Council of Churches was an ecumenical association of Protestant denominations in the United States founded in Philadelphia in 1908. It merged with other ecumenical bodies in 1950 to form the present day National Council of Churches. <br /><br />Masthead: "Gleanings from press releases and other sources to inform busy but sincere people of some of the things affecting the lives of racial minorities. Let's do away with walls ! 'We are all one in Christ Jesus.'<br />The Material in the News Service is given for information and is not to be construed as declarations of official attitudes or policies of the Department of Race Relations or the Federal Council of Churches."<br /><br />Articles summarized include:<br /><br />p. 1 "The Struggle is Not Over" about a filibuster by Southern Senators against a federal anti-lynching bill.<br /><br />p. 2 "Red Caps of Three Races Form National Brotherhood" discusses the formation of the International Brotherhood of Red Caps in Chicago.<br /><br />p. 2 "White Student Group Defies Jim Crow" by inviting African American students to share their special coach "as other white passengers looked on in speechless amazement."<br /><br />p. 3 "Solid Ranks Against Fascism" regarding an editorial about the Nanking Massacre.<br /><br />p. 3 "Film Studios Distort Facts About Race, Insists Robeson" includes a quotation from Paul Robeson about his decision to join a work-class theatre group instead of making films.<br /><br />p. 3 "White Students Aid Boycott of Theaters" reports on a student boycott of theatre owners who oppose the appearance of African American actors in scenes with white people on equal basis.
<a href="https://vcu-alma-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=VCU_ALMA21375204090001101&context=L&vid=VCUL&search_scope=all_scope&tab=all&lang=en_US" target="_blank" title="catalog entry" rel="noreferrer noopener">E 185.5.I68</a>, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Libraries, VCU Libraries
1938 February
Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
The organization that has made the Item available reasonably believes that the Item is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. <br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/</a>
Learn more: <br /><em><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=Southern+Frontier" target="_blank" title="Issues of The Southern Frontier" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Southern Frontier</a>,</em> Social Welfare History Image Portal <br /><a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/eras/civil-war-reconstruction/jim-crow-laws-andracial-segregation/" target="_blank" title="Jim Crow Laws" rel="noreferrer noopener">Jim Crow Laws and Racial Segregation</a>, Social Welfare History Project
James Farmer's Second March to Montgomery
Group of men, including James Farmer, during his second attempt to march to Montgomery, Alabama from Selma, Alabama. From left to right: Fred Shuttlesworth, Martin Luther King Jr., James Farmer, and James Forman. In the foreground: Andrew Young.
Hollander, Edward S.
<a href="https://umw.access.preservica.com/IO_f00f616e-94da-4459-9498-388b03867b62/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">The James L. Farmer Collection</a>, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Mary Washington Libraries.
1965 March 9
<span>Special Collections and University Archives, University of Mary Washington Libraries.</span>
Copyright is retained by CORE/Edward Hollander. <br /><br /><span>This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).</span><br /><a href="%20http%3A//rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/</a>
Letter from Rev. John Kirstein to Aubrey Brown, Jr. , August 22, 1963
Letter to Aubrey Brown, Jr., editor of The <em>Presbyterian Outlook</em>, from Rev. John A. Kirstein, associate editor of the <em>Presbyterian Survey</em>, in opposition to the <a href="http://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/show/252" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">PCUS statement to the National Council of Churches</a>. <br /><br /><br />
Kirstein, John A.
Aubrey Brown Jr. personal papers collection. <a href="https://upsem.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/?rm=MARCH+ON+WASHI0%7C%7C%7C1%7C%7C%7C0%7C%7C%7Ctrue" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">March on Washington 1963</a> digital collection, Special Collections, William Smith Morton Library, Union Presbyterian Seminary
1963 August 22
Union Presbyterian Seminary Library
<span>The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. </span><br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/</a>
<span>Learn more:</span><br /><span>Hansan, John E., </span><a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/eras/march-on-washington-august-28-1963/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">March on Washington, D.C. for Jobs and Freedom August 28, 1963</a><span>, Social Welfare History Project</span><br /><a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/eras/march-1963-film/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">The March (1963) [film]</a><span>, Social Welfare History Project</span><br /><a href="http://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/show/251" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom</a><span> [tri-fold publicity flyer], Social Welfare History Image Portal <br /></span>
March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom [publicity flyer]
The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom took place on 28 August 1963. An estimated 250,000 people attended the massive, peaceful rally, while many more watched the dramatic events live on television.<br /><br />This flyer reads:<br /><br />"An Appeal to You from <br />Mathew Ahmann <br />Eugene Carson Blake <br />James Farmer <br />Martin Luther King, Jr. <br />John Lewis <br />Isaiah Minkoff <br />A. Philip Randolph <br />Walter Reuther <br />Roy Wilkins <br />Whitney Young<br /><br />to MARCH on WASHINGTON<br />Wednesday August 28, 1963<br /><br />America faces a crisis ...<br />Millions of Negroes are denied freedom ...<br />Millions of citizens, black and white, are unemployed ...<br /><br />We demand: <br />-- Meaningful Civil Rights Laws <br />-- Massive Federal Works Program <br />-- Full and Fair Employment <br />-- Decent Housing <br />-- The Right to Vote <br />-- Adequate Integrated Education<br /><br />In your community, groups are mobilizing for the March. You can get information on how to go to Washington by calling civil rights organizations, religious organizations, trade unions, fraternal organizations and youth groups.<br /><br />National Office -- <br />MARCH ON WASHINGTON FOR JOBS AND FREEDOM <br />170 West 130 Street <br />New York 27 <br />FI 8-1900 <br />Cleveland Robinson, Chairman, Administrative Committee <br />Bayard Rustin, Deputy Director
<a href="https://upsem.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/?rm=MARCH+ON+WASHI0%7C%7C%7C1%7C%7C%7C0%7C%7C%7Ctrue" title="March on Washington 1963 Digital Collection" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">March on Washington 1963</a>, Special Collections, William Smith Morton Library, Union Presbyterian Seminary
1963
<span>Union Presbyterian Seminary Library</span>
<span>The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. <br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/</a><br /></span>
Learn more:<br />Hansan, John E., <a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/eras/march-on-washington-august-28-1963/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">March on Washington, D.C. for Jobs and Freedom August 28, 1963</a>, Social Welfare History Project<br /><a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/eras/march-1963-film/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">The March (1963) [film]</a>, Social Welfare History Project<br /><a href="http://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/show/251" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom</a> [tri-fold publicity flyer], Social Welfare History Image Portal
March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom [tri-fold publicity flyer]
Tri-fold flyer encouraging all Americans to join the March on Washington which would take place on Wednesday, August 28, 1963. <br /><br />Text on front page:<br /><br />"The time is NOW for all Americans Black and White to join the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. A call to action by James Farmer, Martin Luther King, John Lewis, A. Philip Randolph, Roy Wilkins, Whitney Young. Wednesday, August 28, 1963."<br /> <br />Text from inside flyer:<br /><br />"<strong>America faces a crisis... </strong><br /><strong>Millions of citizens are unemployed... </strong><br /><strong>Millions are denied freedom... </strong><br /><br />The twin evils of discrimination and exonomic deprivation plague the nation. They rob all people, Negro and white, of dignity, self-respect and freedom. They impose a special burden up the Negro who is denied the right to vote, refused access to public accommodations, forced to accept inferior education and relegated to sub-standard ghetto housing.<br /><br />One hundred years after the Emancipation Proclamation, the American Negro still bears the brunt of economic exploitation, the indignity of second-class citizenship, and ignominy of slave wages.<br /><br />The rate of Negro unemployment is almost three times higher than that of white workers, breeding misery, frustration and degradation in every community -- North and South.<br /><br />Discrimination in education and in apprenticeship training renders Negroes, Puerto Ricans and other minorities helpless in our mechanized, industrial society. Shunted to relief, to charity, or to living by their wits, the jobless are driven to despair, to crime, to hatred and to violence.<br /><br /><strong>Yet, despite this crisis...</strong><br />Southern Democrats and reactionary Republicans in Congress are still working to defeat any effective civil rights legislation. They fight against the rights of all workers and minority groups. They are the sworn enemies of freedom and justice. They proclaim states rights in order to destroy human rights.<br /><br />The Southern Democrats came to power by disenfranchising the Negro people. They know that as long as black workers are voteless, exploited, depressed and underpaid the fight of white workers for decent wages and working conditions will fail. They know that semi-slavery for one means semi-slavery for all. <br /><br />We oppose these forces. We appeal for unity to destroy this century-long hoax....<br /><br /><strong>We call upon all Americans, regardless of race or creed to join the March on Washington <em>for freedom</em>. </strong><br /><br />
<ul>
<li>To demand that Congress pass a civil rights bill that will restore the constitutional rights now denied the Negro people.</li>
<li>To assure neither watering down, nor compromise, nor filibuster against civil rights legislation by either political party.</li>
<li>To offer a great witness to the basic moral principle of human equality and brotherhood. </li>
</ul>
<strong>We call upon all Americans, regardless of race or creed to join the March on Washington <em>for jobs</em>.<br /><br /></strong>
<ul>
<li>In their historic non-violent revolt for freedom, the Negro people are demanding the right to decent jobs -- recognizing that their struggle is inextricably linked with the struggle for decent jobs for all Americans. </li>
<li>They know that, in the long run, there is no way for Negroes to win and hold jobs unless the problems of automation, a stagnant economy, and discrimination are solved; therefore, the Federal government must establish a massive works program to train and employ all Americans at decent wages and at meaningful and dignified labor.</li>
</ul>
------- <br />We call upon you and upon all organizations -- churches, fraternal societies, labor unions, civil groups, youth groups and professional associations -- to accelerate the dynamic, non-violent thrust of the civil rights revolution by joining<br /><br /><strong>The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom</strong><br />To restore economic Freedom to all in this nation<br />To blot out once and for all the scourge of racial discrimination<br /><strong>The time is NOW"</strong>
<a href="https://upsem.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/?rm=MARCH+ON+WASHI0%7C%7C%7C1%7C%7C%7C0%7C%7C%7Ctrue" title="March on Washington 1963 Digital Collection" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">March on Washington 1963</a><span>, Special Collections, William Smith Morton Library, Union Presbyterian Seminary</span>
1963
Union Presbyterian Seminary Library
<span>The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. <br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/</a><br /></span>
<span>Learn more:</span><br /><span>Hansan, John E., </span><a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/eras/march-on-washington-august-28-1963/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">March on Washington, D.C. for Jobs and Freedom August 28, 1963</a><span>, Social Welfare History Project</span><br /><a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/eras/march-1963-film/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">The March (1963) [film]</a><span>, Social Welfare History Project</span><br /><a href="http://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/show/248" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom</a><span> [publicity flyer], Social Welfare History Image Portal</span>
Marching through snow and sleet, Passaic, New Jersey, 1926
Strikers march through snow during the Passaic Textile Strike, 1926. One woman blows a horn. <br />Two signs are partially visible:<br /><br />"A Mill-Worker's Sunday Socks. One Pair A Year..."<br /><br />"Things That Cause Strikes<br />Empty Milk Bottles<br />We Want More Milk For Baby<br />Strike"
<a href="https://www.labormuseum.net/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">American Labor Museum / Botto House National Landmark</a> <br /><br /><span class="resultFull__result-title">Persistent URL: </span><span class="resultFull__result-text"><a class="ext" href="https://doi.org/doi:10.7282/T3DF6SQH" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://doi.org/doi:10.7282/T3DF6SQH</a></span>
1926
American Labor Museum
<span>The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use.</span><br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/</a>
Learn more:<br /><a href="http://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/organizations/labor/passaic-textile-strike-1926-2/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Passaic Textile Strike, 1926</a>, Social Welfare History Project<br /><a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/organizations/labor/passaic-textile-strike-1926-film/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Passaic Textile Strike (1926) - film</a>, Social Welfare History Project<br /><a href="http://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=labor" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Labor</a>, Social Welfare History Image Portal
Martin Luther King and the Montgomery Story
Educational comic book published by the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fellowship_of_Reconciliation_(United_States)" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Fellowship of Reconciliation</a> following the success of the Montgomery Bus Boycott. <br /><br />The comic book advocates for the principles of nonviolence and teaches methods of nonviolent resistance. It was produced by the studio of artist Al Capp, who admired Dr. King. <br /><br />Civil rights activist and congressman <a href="https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/authors/profiles/article/58354-a-comic-book-for-social-justice-john-lewis.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Comic book for social justice">John Lewis</a> read and was inspired by this work as a teenager.
Resnick, Benton and Hassler, Alfred (writers)
Barry, Sy (artist)
<a href="https://gallery.library.vcu.edu/items/show/84340" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Special Collections and Archives</a>, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
1958
Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). <br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/</a>
Learn more:<br /><br />Aydin, A. (2013). <a href="https://www.creativeloafing.com/article/13074611/the-comic-book-that-changed-the-world" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Cover Story: The comic book that changed the world.</a> <em>Martin Luther King and the Montgomery Story</em>'s vital role in the Civil Rights Movement. <em>Creative Loafing. <br /></em><br />Bello, G. (2012, July 19). <a href="https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/authors/profiles/article/58354-a-comic-book-for-social-justice-john-lewis.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="A Comic Book for Social Justice: John Lewis">A Comic Book for Social Justice: John Lewis</a>. <em>Publishers Weekly<br /><br /></em>Fellowship of Reconciliation (FOR-USA). <a href="https://forusa.org/martin-luther-king-and-the-montgomery-story-curriculum-guide/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Martin Luther King and The Montgomery Story</em> Curriculum and Study Guide</a><br /><br /><a href="http://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/show/291" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Mammy Yokum and the Great Dogpatch Mystery</a>, Social Welfare History Image Portal. <br /><br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/exhibits/show/comics/gallery" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Discovery Set: Comics on a Mission">Comics on a Mission: Educational and Public Service Comics</a>, Social Welfare History Image Portal
Mary Washington College Students Participate in the Strike Against the Expansion of the Vietnam War
Sue Cottingham, editor of the campus newspaper, <em>The Bullet</em>, is shown center left. She wears a "Strike" badge, protesting the Vietnam War expansion into Cambodia.
Dervin, Daniel A.
<a href="https://umw.access.preservica.com/IO_e8e852a3-a50d-49da-95d1-a9ca3efd27dc/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Centennial Image Collection</a>, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Mary Washington Libraries
1970
Special Collections and University Archives, University of Mary Washington Libraries
<span>In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted<br />This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).</span><br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/</a><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/?language=en" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><br /></a>
Mobilizing for Busing Protest, Richmond, Va.
Black and white photograph of people preparing for an anti-busing demonstration. A woman stands holding an American flag, and a man standing with her wears a hand-lettered anti-busing sign, "Forced bussing & consolidation of schools will lead to either [arrow points to a Nazi swastika] or [arrow points to Communist red star and a hammer and sickle.]" <br /><br />Other people wearing anti-busing signs mill about in front of the Richmond Coliseum. One woman's sign reads, "I'm not fussing but I will not bus. No! Merhige No!"
Richmond Newspapers, Inc.
P.74.11.18o, <a href="https://thevalentine.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Valentine</a>
1972 February 10
The Valentine
This Work has been digitized in a public-private partnership. As part of this partnership, the partners have agreed to limit commercial uses of this digital representation of the Work by third parties. You can, without permission, copy, modify, distribute, display, or perform the Item, for non-commercial uses. For any other permissible uses, please review the terms and conditions of the organization that has made the Item available. <br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-NC/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-NC/1.0/</a>
Learn more: <br /><br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=busing" target="_blank" title="materials related to school busing" rel="noreferrer noopener">Busing</a>, Social Welfare History Image Portal<br /><br /><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/1972/02/18/archives/3300-autos-driven-to-capital-in-protest-3300-cars-in-the-capital.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">3,300 Autos Driven To Capital in Protest</a><span>, </span><em>The New York Times</em><span>, February 18, 1972.<br /></span><br /><span>Pratt, Robert A. </span><em><em>The Color of Their Skin: Education and Race in Richmond, Virginia, 1954-89. <br /><br /><a href="http://lawreview.richmond.edu/2017/09/28/the-conscience-of-virginia-judge-robert-r-merhige-jr-and-the-politics-of-school-desegregation/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Conscience of Virginia: Judge Robert R. Merhige, Jr., and the Politics of School Desegregation</a> <br /></em></em><br /><a href="https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/338/67/2182321/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Bradley v. School Board of City of Richmond, Virginia, 338 F. Supp. 67 (E.D. Va. 1972) </a>
Mr. Grocer: Tell Your Friends, You'll See our Dollars when Segregation Ends! [1963 Farmville, Va. protests]
Protesters <span>at Grants, Farmville Shopping Center, August 1963. Students </span>carry signs opposing racial segregation, and encouraging shoppers to boycott businesses that support discriminatory practices.<br /><br /><span>Darwyn White carries the "Mr. Grocer.." sign. Protester behind her carries sign reading, "If they don't see money, they'll see the truth. Boycott for Freedom."</span><br /><br /><br />From VCU Libraries <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/freedom_now_project/12465273424/in/album-72157640935491185/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Freedom Now Project</a>
<a href="https://digital.library.vcu.edu/islandora/object/vcu%3A4261" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Farmville 1963 Civil Rights Protests</a><span>,</span><span> VCU Libraries Digital Collections</span>
1963 August 24
Digital Collections, VCU Libraries
<span>This item is in the public domain. Acknowledgement of the Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.</span>
Learn more:<a href="https://www.library.vcu.edu/research-teaching/special-collections-and-archives/exhibits/freedom-now/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">VCU Libraries Freedom Now Project</a> <br /><a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Massive_Resistance" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Massive Resistance</a>, <em>Encyclopedia Virginia <br /></em><a href="https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/hist_pubs/3/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Program of Action: The Rev. L. Francis Griffin and the Struggle for Racial Equality in Farmville, 1963</a>, VCU Libraries Scholars Compass.
No One is Free Until We All Are Free [1963 Farmville, Va. protests]
Protesters at Safeway, Farmville, Va., August 1963<br /><br />Protesters carry signs opposing racial segregation, and encouraging shoppers to boycott businesses that support discriminatory practices.<br /><br />From VCU Libraries <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/freedom_now_project/12465622704/in/album-72157640891758243/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Freedom Now Project</a>
<a href="https://digital.library.vcu.edu/islandora/object/vcu%3A4376" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Farmville 1963 Civil Rights Protests</a><span>,</span><span> VCU Libraries Digital Collections</span>
1963 August 24
Digital Collections, VCU Libraries
<span>This item is in the public domain. Acknowledgement of the Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.</span>
Learn more:<a href="https://www.library.vcu.edu/research-teaching/special-collections-and-archives/exhibits/freedom-now/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">VCU Libraries Freedom Now Project</a> <br /><a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Massive_Resistance" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Massive Resistance</a>, <em>Encyclopedia Virginia <br /></em><a href="https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/hist_pubs/3/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Program of Action: The Rev. L. Francis Griffin and the Struggle for Racial Equality in Farmville, 1963</a>, VCU Libraries Scholars Compass.
Presbyterian Church in the United States (PCUS) press release, August 22, 1963
Press release from the headquarters of the Presbyterian Church in the United States (commonly known as the Southern Presbyterian Church) in Atlanta, GA, dated 22 Aug 1963. <br /><br />It announces the official resistance of the PCUS to participation in the March on Washington. It includes the full text of the statement sent to the National Council of Churches stating that the PCUS is "unable to cooperate" with the NCC's Commission on Religion and Race calling for participation. Includes a memo from Bill Lamkin, who sent this text to Aubrey Brown, Jr. for inclusion in the <em>Presbyterian Outlook, </em>the primary news publication of the PCUS since 1944. Aubrey Brown, Jr. served as manager and editor of <em>Presbyterian Outlook</em> for 35 years.<br /><br /><br /><br />
Presbyterian Church in the United States (PCUS)
<span>Aubrey Brown Jr. personal papers collection.</span> <a href="https://upsem.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/?rm=MARCH+ON+WASHI0%7C%7C%7C1%7C%7C%7C0%7C%7C%7Ctrue" title="March on Washington 1963 Digital Collection" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">March on Washington 1963</a> digital collection<span>, Special Collections, William Smith Morton Library, Union Presbyterian Seminary</span>
1963 August 22
Union Presbyterian Seminary Library
<span>The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. </span><br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/</a>
<span>Learn more:</span><br /><span>Hansan, John E., </span><a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/eras/march-on-washington-august-28-1963/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">March on Washington, D.C. for Jobs and Freedom August 28, 1963</a><span>, Social Welfare History Project</span><br /><a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/eras/march-1963-film/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">The March (1963) [film]</a><span>, Social Welfare History Project</span><br /><a href="http://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/show/251" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom</a><span> [tri-fold publicity flyer], Social Welfare History Image Portal</span>
Singing Solidarity Forever, Passaic County, 1926
Strikers raise their fists and sing as they march down a street during the Passaic Textile Strike, 1926. One striker wears a military uniform. <br /><br />Photograph is marked for cropping. <br /><br />The I.W.W. song "Solidarity Forever" was sung to the tune of "John Brown's Body." The words, written by Ralph Chaplin, begin, <br /><br /><em>When the Union's inspiration through the worker's blood shall run,</em><br /><em>There can be no power greater anywhere beneath the sun;</em><br /><em>Yet what force on earth is weaker than the feeble strength of one?</em><br /><em>But the Union makes us strong.</em><br /><br />Chorus: <br /><em>Solidarity forever, solidarity forever,</em><br /><em>Solidarity forever, for the union makes us strong.</em>
<a href="https://www.labormuseum.net/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">American Labor Museum / Botto House National Landmark</a> <br /><br /><span class="resultFull__result-title">Persistent URL: </span><span class="resultFull__result-text"><a class="ext" href="https://doi.org/doi:10.7282/T3GH9K76" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://doi.org/doi:10.7282/T3GH9K76</a></span>
1926
American Labor Museum
<span>The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use.</span><br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/</a>
Learn more:<br /><a href="http://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/organizations/labor/passaic-textile-strike-1926-2/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Passaic Textile Strike, 1926</a>, Social Welfare History Project<br /><a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/organizations/labor/passaic-textile-strike-1926-film/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Passaic Textile Strike (1926) - film</a>, Social Welfare History Project<br /><a href="http://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=labor" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Labor</a>, Social Welfare History Image Portal
Sit-in Songs : Songs of the Freedom Riders
Songs recorded by participants in CORE's Freedom Highways project in the summer of 1962. The project was designed to open chain restaurants along major federal highways to all persons. <br /><br />Vinyl LP and songbook. <br />Dauntless DM 4301, a division of Audio Fidelity Records <br />Edward H. Peeples Collection
Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
<a href="http://search.library.vcu.edu/VCU:all_scope:VCU_ALMA21365282100001101" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Special Collections and Archives</a>, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
1962
<span>Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries</span>
<span><span>This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).</span><br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/</a></span>
Learn more: <br /><a href="http://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/eras/music-social-reform/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Music & Social Reform</a>, Social Welfare History Project<br /><a href="http://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/eras/congress-of-racial-equality-core/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)</a>, Social Welfare History Project<br /><a href="http://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/federal/civil-rights-movement/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"><br /></a>
Southern Christian Leadership Conference Newsletter, (Vol. 1, No. 12), September 1963
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) newsletter published weeks after the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. The newsletter reports on the March and also reports on the upcoming 7th Annual conference to take place at Virginia Union University in Richmond, Virginia, September 24 - 27, 1963. As president of the SCLC, Martin Luther King, Jr. attended the conference and spoke on the final evening.<br />
Southern Christian Leadership Conference
<a href="https://upsem.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/?rm=MARCH+ON+WASHI0%7C%7C%7C1%7C%7C%7C0%7C%7C%7Ctrue" title="March on Washington 1963 Digital Collection" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">March on Washington 1963</a><span>, Special Collections, William Smith Morton Library, Union Presbyterian Seminary</span>
1963 September
Union Presbyterian Seminary Library
Copyright Southern Christian Leadership Conference.<br /><br /><span>This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).</span><br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/</a>
Learn more: <br /><span>Hansan, John E., </span><a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/eras/march-on-washington-august-28-1963/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">March on Washington, D.C. for Jobs and Freedom August 28, 1963</a><span>, Social Welfare History Project</span><br /><a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/eras/march-1963-film/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">The March (1963) [film]</a><span>, Social Welfare History Project</span><br /><a href="http://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/show/248" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom</a><span> [publicity flyer], Social Welfare History Image Portal</span>
Students sing outside Beulah AME Church Parsonage, Farmville, Va., August 1963
Students sing outside Beulah AME Church Parsonage, Farmville, Va., August 1963, in protest of the closing of Prince Edward County Schools. Woman singing at left is Ernestine Land. Tony Reid stands at right.
<a href="http://dig.library.vcu.edu/cdm/landingpage/collection/far" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Farmville 1963 Civil Rights Protests</a><span>, VCU Libraries Digital Collections</span>
<span>Digital Collections, VCU Libraries</span>
<span>This item is in the public domain. Acknowledgement of the Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.</span>
Learn more: <br /><a href="https://www.library.vcu.edu/about/special-collections/exhibits/freedom-now/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">VCU Libraries Freedom Now Project</a> <br /><a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Massive_Resistance" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Massive Resistance</a>, <em>Encyclopedia Virginia <br /></em><a href="https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/hist_pubs/3/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Program of Action: The Rev. L. Francis Griffin and the Struggle for Racial Equality in Farmville, 1963</a>, VCU Libraries Scholars Compass.
The Closing of "Public Schools" in P. E. County has Disgrace the State of Virginia [1963 Farmville, Va. protests]
Students protest Prince Edward County public school closings, Main Street near courthouse, Farmville, Va., July 1963. <br /><br />Sandra "Sandy" Stokes in foreground. Second person in line is Everett Berryman, Jr. followed by Emerson Hunt.<br /><br />from <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/freedom_now_project/12465651004/in/album-72157640935144155/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">VCU Libraries Freedom Now Project</a>
<a href="https://digital.library.vcu.edu/islandora/object/vcu%3A4386" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Farmville 1963 Civil Rights Protests</a>,<span> VCU Libraries Digital Collections</span>
1963 July
Digital Collections, VCU Libraries
<span>This item is in the public domain. Acknowledgement of the Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.</span>
Learn more:<a href="https://www.library.vcu.edu/research-teaching/special-collections-and-archives/exhibits/freedom-now/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">VCU Libraries Freedom Now Project</a> <br /><a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Massive_Resistance" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Massive Resistance</a>, <em>Encyclopedia Virginia <br /></em><a href="https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/hist_pubs/3/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Program of Action: The Rev. L. Francis Griffin and the Struggle for Racial Equality in Farmville, 1963</a>, VCU Libraries Scholars Compass.