Please,..I don't want to leave them
Pamphlet describing the work of the Virginia League for Planned Parenthood. <br />Cover art by Corporal <a href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1957&dat=19991227&id=8ERGAAAAIBAJ&sjid=6ecMAAAAIBAJ&pg=1452,6714606&hl=en" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Percy Lee</a>.<br /><br />[Image description: The image on the pamphlet above the text is a drawing of a mother on her deathbed sourounded by her four children.]<br /><br />Transcription:<br /><br /><strong>"This Mother is Dying Because She Wasn't Well Enough to Have Her Last Baby</strong> <br /><br />Perhaps she was already exhausted from too frequent or complicated pregnancies. Perhaps she had developed tuberculosis, anemia, heart or kidney diseses which made it dangerous for her to have more children, yet, as in so many cases, no advice was given. <br /><br />Though all she asked was to be able to care for her living children and hold her home together, her life is forfeited. Planned Parenthood measures, under medical direction, can reduce our high maternal and infant death rates, ensure better health for the mother and child, and bring better living conditions for the family. <br /><br />Planned Parenthood can also reduce the number of transmissable and hereditary diseases in the next generation. <br /><br /><strong>We Need Your Contribution to Help End the Waste in Human and Material Resources Resulting from Unplanned Parenthood.</strong> <br /><br />The Virginia League for Planned Parenthood, Inc., Richmond, Virginia"
Virginia League for Planned Parenthood, Inc.
M 333, Box 1, <a href="http://search.vaheritage.org/vivaxtf/view?docId=vcu-cab/vircu00108.xml" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Virginia League for Planned Parenthood Records, 1935-2004</a>, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
c. 1940-1944
Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) <br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en</a>
Learn more:<br /><a href="http://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/programs/health-nutrition/birth-control-wins/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Birth Control Wins</a>, Social Welfare History Project
Save Yourself From Influenza...[public health graphic]
Public health information graphic furnished by The Virginia State Board of Health. Illustrations by Carl J. Rostrup of Richmond, Va.<br /><br />Transcription: <br /><br />"SAVE YOURSELF from INFLUENZA and pneumonia, bad colds, measles, tuberculosis, diphtheriam scarlet fever, whooping cough, meningitis, mumps<br /><br />FOLLOW TWO SIMPLE RULES<br /><br />RULE 1: Whenever you cough or sneeza, bow your head or put a handkerchief over your mouth and nose.<br /><br />Rule 2: Don't put in your mouth fingers, pencils, or anything else that does not belong there, nor use a common drinking cup.<br /><br />The Germs of these Diseases are spread through the secetions of the mouth and nose of sick people and carriers.<br /><br />Furnished by The Virginia State Board of Health<br />PLEASE POST: Council of National Defense, C.R. Keiley, Federal Field Secretary"<br /><br />[Image description: Next to the word 'SAFETY' is a drawing of a person coughing into a handkerchief and the text "use handkerchief when you cough or sneeze". Another drawing shows a person sneezng with his head bent down and his respiratory particles going towards the ground. Under this image is the text: "or bend your head toward the ground". Another series of drawings are under the word 'DANGER'. A drawing of someone biting a pencil and a drawing of someone biting their nails are on either side of text that says, "DON'T put pencils or fingers in your mouth". Two more drawings show a person drinking out of a pot and another sneezing with an open mouth spraying respratory particles outward and onto the person drinking. These are follwed with the text "DON'T use common drinking cup or cough or sneeze into the air towards others".]
Virginia State Board of Health
Annual Report of the State Board of Health and the State Health Commissioner to the Governor of Virginia for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 1919.<br /><br />Bound with corresponding years of the <a href="http://search.library.vcu.edu/VCU:all_scope:VCU_ALMA21397764960001101" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"> Virginia Health Bulletin</a>, Tompkins-McCaw Library for the Health Sciences, VCU Libraries
1919
Health Sciences Library, VCU Libraries
This item is in the public domain. Acknowledgement of the Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.
Learn more: <br /><a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/issues/public-health/tuberculosis/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Tuberculosis</a>, Social Welfare History Project <br /><br /><a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/eras/civil-war-reconstruction/nurses-settlement-richmond-va-handbook-settlements-1911/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Nurses Settlement</a>, Richmond, VA, Social Welfare History Project<br /><br />Influenza Catechism (1918), <a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015067921224&view=2up&seq=604&size=125" target="_blank" title="Advice from the Virginia State Board of Health, 1918" rel="noreferrer noopener"><em>Virginia Health Bulletin</em></a>, (<em>X,</em>10). <br /><br /><a href="http://bit.ly/395xRj3" target="_blank" title="materials related to influenza in the Image Portal" rel="noreferrer noopener">Influenza</a>, Social Welfare History Image Portal <br /><br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=public+health" target="_blank" title="materials related to public health in the Image Portal" rel="noreferrer noopener">Public health</a>, Social Welfare History Image Portal
The Map Blossoms [editorial cartoon by Blanche Ames Ames]
Editorial cartoon by B. Ames (Blanche Ames Ames) from <em>Woman's Journal and Suffrage News</em>, Vol. 46, No. 21, May 22, 1915.<br /><br />Uncle Sam prunes a tree marked "Liberty" growing in a pot marked "Equality." The tree blossoms into a map of the United States. Atop the map a caterpillar marked "Anti" [Anti-Suffrage] glares at Uncle Sam. A watering can marked "Justice," an insect-sprayer called "Logic," and large pruning shears marked "Education" and "Truth" rest near the base of the tree.<br /><br />Caption reads: <br />Uncle Sam: "Prune away Prejudice and these four States will blossom in November."
Ames, Blanche Ames
<span>M 9 Box 229 </span><a href="http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/vcu/repositories/5/resources/279.oai_ead.xml" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978</a>, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
Woman's Journal and Suffrage News
1915 May 22
Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
<span>This item is in the public domain. Acknowledgement of the Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.</span>
Learn more: <br /><br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/exhibits/show/editorial-cartoons/gallery" target="_blank" title="online exhibit "Wielding the Pen"" rel="noreferrer noopener">Wielding the Pen: Editorial Cartooning for Social Reform</a>, Social Welfare History Image Portal <br /><br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=suffrage" target="_blank" title="suffrage materials" rel="noreferrer noopener">Suffrage</a>, Social Welfare History Image Portal <br /><br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=women+cartoonists" target="_blank" title="editorial cartoons by women artists" rel="noreferrer noopener">Women cartoonists</a>, Social Welfare History Image Portal <br /><br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=cartoon">Editorial cartoons</a>, Social Welfare History Image Portal
Chores of Modern Health Crusaders
Poster depicting the eleven Chores of Modern Health Crusaders. These eleven health chores set out the essentials of tuberculosis prevention and general hygiene. They were part of a public health campaign devised by Charles De Forest of the National Tuberculosis Association.<br /><br />The chores include:<br /><br />1. I washed my hands before each meal to-day.<br />2. I washed ot only my face but my ears and neck and I cleaned my fingernails to-day.<br />3. I kept fingers, pencils and everything likely to be unclean or injurious out of my mouth and nose to-today.<br />4. I brushed my teeth thoroughly after breakfast, and after the evening mean to-day.<br />5. I took ten or more slow deep breaths of fresh air today. I was careful to protect others if I spit, coughed or sneezed.<br />6. I played outdoors or with windows open more than thirty minutes to-day.<br />7. I was in bed ten hours or more last night and kept my windows open.<br />8. I drank four glasses of water, including a drink before each meal, and drank no tea, coffee, nor other injurious drinks to-day.<br />9. I tried to eat only wholesome food and to eat slowly. I went to toilet at my regular times.<br />10. I tried hard to-day to sit up and stand up straight; to keep neat, cheerful and clean-minded; and to be helpful to others.<br />11. I took a full bath on each of the days of the week that are checked (x).
<a href="http://archives.lib.umn.edu/repositories/11/archival_objects/790851" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">National Recreation Association records. Playground and Recreation Association of America. Board of Directors Minutes, 1924-1931</a>, (Box 2), Social Welfare History Archives, University of Minnesota Libraries
1919 September 24
Social Welfare History Archives, University of Minnesota Libraries
<span>Use of this image may be governed by U.S. and international copyright laws. Please contact the University of Minnesota Libraries, Social Welfare History Archives for permission to publish this image. </span><a href="http://www.lib.umn.edu/swha/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://www.lib.umn.edu/swha/</a>
Learn more:<br /><a href="https://archive.org/stream/modernhealthcrus00natirich#page/n1/mode/2up" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Modern Health Crusade. A National Program of Health Instruction in Schools</a>, Internet Archive <br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/show/311" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Anti-tuberculosis play at Lyric Theatre</a>, Social Welfare History Image Portal
“Open-air” classroom at Moore Street School, 1113 W. Moore Street, Richmond, Va.
<p>In the early-20th century, Europe and the U.S. saw the rise of “open air” schools intended to create healthy environments to combat tuberculosis using the principles of sanatoria. Sometimes purpose-built, and sometimes converted spaces, open air schools provided fresh air and extra nutrition for at-risk youth. <br /><br />In the May 1917 issue of <em>The Modern City</em>, John H. Ferguson wrote about Richmond’s 16 open air schools: “Each school has a capacity of 20 children; and each one is always crowded, with a long waiting list. The children are selected from the entire public school system of the city by the school physician…Few of these children have tuberculosis even in its non-communicative forms, but they are all below par, physically, just in the right receptive condition to be fertile soil for the development of the disease.” <br /><br />A <em>Richmond Times-Dispatch </em>notice of March 2, 1915 (p. 7) noted fundraising activities of "prominent society women" in support of the open-air schools. These women served as tearoom hostesses in the palm garden of the Jefferson Hotel. Indoor golf was a popular activity for which "two handsome silver cups" were to be awarded at the conclusion of the season.</p>
Cook, Huestis P. (photographer)
Cook 1657, <a href="https://thevalentine.org/exhibition/pandemic-richmond-2/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Cook Collection</a>, The Valentine
1916
The Valentine
<span>This Work has been digitized in a public-private partnership. As part of this partnership, the partners have agreed to limit commercial uses of this digital representation of the Work by third parties. You can, without permission, copy, modify, distribute, display, or perform the Item, for non-commercial uses. For any other permissible uses, please review the terms and conditions of the organization that has made the Item available. </span><br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-NC/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-NC/1.0/</a>
Learn more: <br /><a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/issues/public-health/tuberculosis/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Tuberculosis</a>, Social Welfare History Project <br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=tuberculosis" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Tuberculosis</a>, Social Welfare History Image Portal<br />Carr, Laura (2017). <a href="https://thevalentine.org/open-air-schools/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Open air schools: The fight against tuberculosis</a>. The Valentine (blog) <br /><a href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=open+air+schools&id=ED542176" target="_blank" title="Open-Air Schools, 1916" rel="noreferrer noopener">Open-Air Schools</a>. Bulletin 1916, No. 23. Bureau of Education. Department of the Interior. via ERIC <br /><a href="http://www.loc.gov/pictures/search/?q=LOT%205338&fi=number&op=PHRASE&va=exact&co!=coll&sg=true&st=gallery" target="_blank" title="Goldsberry collection of open-air school photograhs, LoC" rel="noreferrer noopener">Goldsberry collection of open-air school photographs</a>, Library of Congress <br /><a href="https://retronaut.com/content/1930s-open-air-schools" target="_blank" title="photos of Open-Air Schools in the UK" rel="noreferrer noopener">1930s: Open-Air Schools</a>, Retronaut <br /><a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433081662318;view=2up;seq=888" target="_blank" title="Does Cold Weather Sharpen a Schoolboy's Wits?" rel="noreferrer noopener">Does Cold Weather Sharpen a Schoolboy's Wits?</a> The Scrap Book, 1908. pp. 883-884. via HathiTrust.org <br />Nierenberg, A. (2019 October 27). <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/27/us/outdoor-classroom-design.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="article on outside classrooms to prevent the spread of disease">Classrooms without walls and hopefully covid</a>. <em>New York Times.</em><span></span>
Anti-tuberculosis play at Lyric Theatre, 901 E. Broad Street, Richmond, Va.
<p>French bacteriologists Albert Calmette (1863–1933) and Camille Guérin (1872–1961) finalized the Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine for tuberculosis in 1921. The vaccine remains the only tuberculosis vaccine in use today. While not perfect, it is one of the most widely used vaccines and reaches more than 80 percent of all children in countries where the disease is common. <br /><br />The BCG vaccine was a major weapon in public health efforts to fight tuberculosis—an ongoing battle dramatized by Richmond children in this 1921 play. In this panoramic photograph, a "Modern Health Crusader" brandishes a sword shaped like the double-barred cross that was the emblem of the crusade. The crusader carries a "Modern Health Crusader" shield and fights "Tuberculosis" who is dressed all in black. <br /><br />The Modern Health Crusaders campaign was devised by Charles De Forest of the National Tuberculosis Association.</p>
Cook, Huestis P. (photographer)
<a href="https://thevalentine.org/exhibition/pandemic-richmond-2/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Cook Collection</a>, The Valentine
1921
The Valentine
NO COPYRIGHT - NON-COMMERCIAL USE ONLY<br />This Work has been digitized in a public-private partnership. As part of this partnership, the partners have agreed to limit commercial uses of this digital representation of the Work by third parties. You can, without permission, copy, modify, distribute, display, or perform the Item, for non-commercial uses. For any other permissible uses, please review the terms and conditions of the organization that has made the Item available. <br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-NC/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-NC/1.0/</a>
Learn more:<br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/show/194" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Chores of Modern Health Crusaders</a>, Social Welfare History Image Portal<br /><a href="https://archive.org/stream/modernhealthcrus00natirich#page/38/mode/2up" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Modern Health Crusade. A National Program of Health Instruction in Schools</a>, Internet Archive<br /><a href="http://exhibits.hsl.virginia.edu/alav/seals/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Stamping out tuberculosis with Christmas Seals.</a> University of Virginia. Historical Collections at the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library<br /><a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/issues/public-health/tuberculosis/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Tuberculosis</a>, Social Welfare History Project
I've had my chest x-ray [pinback button]
<p>"I've Had My Chest X-Ray" button with red double-bar cross that was the emblem of the National Tuberculosis Association anti-TB crusade. </p>
<p>People can be exposed to tuberculosis bacteria and become infected. Some who are infected go on to develop active TB disease; those who do not are said to have latent infection. <br />Latent infection can be found through a skin test or a blood test; however, a chest x-ray and laboratory testing of a mucus sample are needed to determine if someone has active TB disease. <br /><br />In 1946, the Richmond Health Department worked with medical and civic organizations to launch the city’s first chest x-ray campaign.</p>
L. J. Imber Co.
V.83.158.20, <a href="https://thevalentine.org/exhibition/pandemic-richmond-2/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">The Valentine</a>
The Valentine
<span>This Work has been digitized in a public-private partnership. As part of this partnership, the partners have agreed to limit commercial uses of this digital representation of the Work by third parties. You can, without permission, copy, modify, distribute, display, or perform the Item, for non-commercial uses. For any other permissible uses, please review the terms and conditions of the organization that has made the Item available. </span><br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-NC/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-NC/1.0/</a>
<span>Learn more: </span><br /><a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/issues/public-health/tuberculosis/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Tuberculosis</a><span>, Social Welfare History Project </span><br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=tuberculosis" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Tuberculosis</a><span>, Social Welfare History Image Portal</span>
The Doctor Looks at Child Labor. NCLC Pamphlet No. 356
<span>A symposium edited by the NCLC. <br /><br />A series of statements related to the long-term health effects of child labor on children and youth. <br /><br />"The insidious thing about child labor is that its effects manifest themselves at the most unexpected times in later life and often in a disastrous manner....We would not permit the exploitation of a child that is precious to any one of us. Let us not, therefore, as citizens, tolerate the exploitation of other people's children." (back cover)<br /><br />Contributed by:<br /><br /> C.-E. A. Winslow, Professor of Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine<br />William R. P. Emerson <br />Eugene L. Opie <br />Louis I. Harris <br />Joseph H. Bainton <br />Alice Hamilton <br />Haven Emerson <br />Iago Galdston <br />Charles Hendee Smith <br />Max Seham <br />Richard A. Bolt <br />Catherine Brannick <br />George M. Kober <br />C. Floyd Haviland <br />S. W. Wynne <br /><br />Statement titles: Chronic Fatigue; Hidden Infections; Physical Unfitness; Years of Growth; Poison Trades; Cardiacs Without Symptoms; Colts in Harness; Monotony Exacts Its Price; "Papers! All the Evenin' Papers!"; Young Nomads; When the Hand Slips; When Working Conditions are Bad; Undernourished Minds.<br /><br /><br /><br /></span>
Winslow, C. -E. A. (Charles-Edward Amory), 1877-1957
<a href="https://upsem.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/?rm=CHILD+LABOR+PA0%7C%7C%7C1%7C%7C%7C0%7C%7C%7Ctrue" target="_blank" title="Child Labor Pamphlets, 1908 - 1935, Union Presbyterian Seminary Library" rel="noreferrer noopener">Child Labor Pamphlets, 1908 - 1935</a><span>, No. 43, digital collection, William Smith Morton Library, Union Presbyterian Seminary</span>
National Child Labor Committee
1929
Union Presbyterian Seminary Library
The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. <br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/</a>
Women in the Home [suffrage handbill]
Handbill published by the New York State Woman Suffrage Association. <br /><br />Excerpts: <br /> <br />"WOMEN IN THE HOME <br /><br />We are forever being told that the place for women is in the HOME. Well, so be it. But what do we expect of her in the home? Merely to stay in the home is not enough. She is a failure unless she does certain things for the home. She must make the home minister, as far as her means allow, to the health and welfare, moral as well as physical, of her family, and especially of her children. She, more than anyone else, is held responsible for what they become. <br />SHE is responsible for the cleanliness of her house. <br />SHE is responsible for the wholesomeness of the food. <br />SHE is responsible for the children's heath. <br />SHE, above all, is responsible for their morals, for their sense of truth, of honesty and decency, for what they turn out to be. <br /><br />How Far Can the Mother Control These Things?" <br /><br />Handbill goes on to argue that the elected city officials control many of the conditions that threaten children and families. These officials are elected by men, who must therefore share in the responsibility for these unsafe conditions.<br /><br />"In fact, MEN are responsible for the conditions under which the children live, but we hold WOMEN responsible for the results of those conditions. If we hold women responsible for the results, must we not, in simple justice, let them have something to say as to what these conditions shall be? There is one simple way of doing this. Give them the same means that men have. LET THEM VOTE.<br /><br />Women are, by nature and training, housekeepers. Let them have a hand in the city's housekeeping, even if they introduce and occasional house-cleaning."
New York State Woman Suffrage Association
M 71 <a href="http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vcu-cab/vircu00081.xml" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The Women's Suffrage Printed Ephemera Collection</a> Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
<span>The organization that has made the Item available reasonably believes that the Item is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. </span><br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/</a>
Learn more: <br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=suffrage" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Items tagged "suffrage"">Suffrage</a>, Social Welfare History Image Portal <br /><a href="http://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/woman-suffrage/woman-suffrage-movement/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Women's Suffrage: The Movement</a><span>, Social Welfare History Project <br /></span>
The Sacrifice (Tuberculosis is Preventable) [editorial cartoon by A. J. Van Leshout]
Editorial cartoon by A. J. Van Leshout "The Sacrifice." <br /><br />Originally published in the Louisville <em>Courier-Journal</em>. Republished here in <em>Cartoons Magazine, </em>vol. 5, no. 2 (February 1914), p.126. <br /><br />Image Description: <br /><br />Under the full moon, a large group of people are shown marching into the mouth of a death's head. They carry a banner "Ignorance of the Disease." On man sits apart from the group beside a sign that says "Tuberculosis IS Preventable." A woman in the crowd looks over at him wondering.
Van Leshout, Alexander Josef
<a href="https://vcu-alma-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=VCU_ALMA21361748570001101&context=L&vid=VCUL&search_scope=all_scope&tab=all&lang=en_US" target="_blank" title="Cartoons Magazine" rel="noreferrer noopener"><em>Cartoons Magazine</em></a>, vol. 5, no. 2 (February 1914), p.126. Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
1914 February
Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. <br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/</a>
Learn more: <br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=tuberculosis" target="_blank" title="items tagged tuberculosis" rel="noreferrer noopener">Tuberculosis</a>, Social Welfare History Image Portal <br /><a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/issues/public-health/tuberculosis/" target="_blank" title="Tuberculosis" rel="noreferrer noopener">Tuberculosis</a>, Social Welfare History Project <br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=cartoon">Editorial cartoons</a>, Social Welfare History Image Portal
The Ray of Hope [editorial cartoon by Edgar F. Schilder]
Editorial cartoon by Edgar F. Schilder. A hooded figure of Death, carrying a scythe and labelled "The White Plague" flies over a graveyard. In the distance a sun marked "Red Cross" rises. <br /><br />Originally published in the Fort Wayne <em>Journal-Gazette. </em>Republished here in <em>Cartoons Magazine, </em>vol. 5, no. 2 (February 1914), p.127.
Schilder, Edgar F. ("Steve")
<a href="https://vcu-alma-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=VCU_ALMA21361748570001101&context=L&vid=VCUL&search_scope=all_scope&tab=all&lang=en_US" target="_blank" title="Cartoons Magazine" rel="noreferrer noopener"><em>Cartoons Magazine</em></a><span>, vol. 5, no. 2 (February 1914), p.127. Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries</span>
1914 February
Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. <br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/</a>
Learn more: <br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=tuberculosis" target="_blank" title="items tagged tuberculosis" rel="noreferrer noopener">Tuberculosis</a>, Social Welfare History Image Portal <br /><a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/issues/public-health/tuberculosis/" target="_blank" title="Tuberculosis" rel="noreferrer noopener">Tuberculosis</a><span>, Social Welfare History Project <br /><a href="https://library.syr.edu/digital/guides/s/schilder_ef.htm" target="_blank" title="finding aid" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edgar F. Schilder Papers</a>, Syracuse University Libraries, Special Collections Research Center <br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=cartoon">Editorial cartoons</a>, Social Welfare History Image Portal <br /></span>
Five Dollars Will Make the Dream Come True [editorial cartoon by Oscar Cesare]
Editorial cartoon by Oscar Cesare originally published in the New York <em>Sun.</em> Republished here in <em>Cartoons Magazine</em>, vol. 4, no. 3 (September 1913), p. 271. <br /><br />A poor mother kneels beside her sleeping child. She dreams of the "Mother's Home at Sea Breeze." Caption: "Five Dollars Will Make the Dream Come True."<br /><br />Sea Breeze Home, located at Surf Avenue and Twenty-ninth St., Coney Island, was a summer convalescent home for poor mothers and children who had contracted tuberculosis in the tenement neighborhoods of New York City. The institution was owned by the city. <br /><br />Many people were involved in the creation and expansion of the Sea Breeze Home and the Sea Breeze Hospital. They included Jacob Riis, Theodore Roosevelt, John D. Rockefeller, John Seely Ward, and the Association for Improving of the Condition of the Poor.
Cesare, Oscar Edward
<a href="https://vcu-alma-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=VCU_ALMA21361748570001101&context=L&vid=VCUL&search_scope=all_scope&tab=all&lang=en_US" target="_blank" title="Cartoons Magazine" rel="noreferrer noopener"><em>Cartoons Magazine</em></a><span>, vol. 4, no. 3 (September 1913), p.271. Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries</span>
1913 September
Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library
The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. <br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/</a>
Learn more: <br /><a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/issues/public-health/tuberculosis/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Tuberculosis</a><span>, Social Welfare History Project </span><br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=tuberculosis" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Tuberculosis</a><span>, Social Welfare History Image Portal</span><br />"Sea Breeze Home Opened.; More Than 300 Mothers and Children Sent to the Beach for Rest." <em>New York Times</em>, June 14, 1919, p. 19. <br /><a href="https://css.cul.columbia.edu/catalog?action=index&controller=catalog&f%5Bsubject_names%5D%5B%5D=Sea+Breeze+Hospital+%28New+York%2C+N.Y.%29&results_view=true" target="_blank" title="Sea Breeze Hospital photographs" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sea Breeze Hospital</a>, Community Service Society Photographs, Rare Book & Manuscript Library, Columbia University<br />Connolly, Cynthia A. (2008). <span>Saving Sickly Children : The Tuberculosis Preventorium in American Life, 1909-1970. </span>Rutgers University Press.<br />"Sea Breeze Home Ablaze" <i><a href="http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030431/1919-06-01/ed-1/seq-14/" target="_blank" title="The Sun, June 1, 1919" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Sun</a>.</i> (New York [N.Y.]), 01 June 1919. <i>Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers</i>. Lib. of Congress. <br /><a href="https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/006069447" target="_blank" title="Annual reports" rel="noreferrer noopener">Annual report of the New York Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor</a>, Hathi Trust. <br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=cartoon">Editorial cartoons</a>, Social Welfare History Image Portal
Waiting for the Verdict [Dr. Friedman and The Great White Plague]
<span>Editorial cartoon by C. R. Macauley, originally published in the New York <em>World.</em> Republished here in <em>Cartoons Magazine</em>, vol. 3, no. 4 (April 1913), p. 226. <br /><br />A skeletal spectre waits outside an office with a plaque labelled "Dr. Friedman." <br /><br />Friedrich Franz Friedmann was a tuberculosis researcher in Berlin who came to New York City in 1913 to give what he called the "turtle vaccine" to people who came to his clinic. The New York City Board of Health rejected his claims and the clinic was closed.</span>
Macauley, Charles Raymond
<a href="https://vcu-alma-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=VCU_ALMA21361748570001101&context=L&vid=VCUL&search_scope=all_scope&tab=all&lang=en_US" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Cartoons Magazine"><em>Cartoons Magazine</em></a><span>, vol. 3, no. 4 (April 1913), p. 226. Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries</span>
1913 April
Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. <br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/</a>
Learn more: <br /><a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/issues/public-health/tuberculosis/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Tuberculosis</a><span>, Social Welfare History Project </span><br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=tuberculosis" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Tuberculosis</a><span>, Social Welfare History Image Portal <br /></span><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=cartoon">Editorial cartoons</a>, Social Welfare History Image Portal
Society for the Entertainment of Shut-ins, 1909 [annual report]
The Society for the Entertainment of Shut-Ins (SESI) was founded in 1901 by the Rev. George W. Shinn, D. D. in Boston, Massachusetts. <a href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=creator%3A%22Shinn%2C+George+W.+%28George+Wolfe%29%2C+1839-1910%22" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="books by the Rev. G. W. Shinn on Internet Archive">Shinn</a> was the rector of <a href="https://goo.gl/maps/fFVBeVbA8d22" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Grace Episcopal Church, Google Maps">Grace Episcopal Church</a>, Newton, Ma. <br /><br />According to these documents, the Society aimed “to relive the monotony and pain of a shut-in life…Its original plan included giving entertainments in hospitals and other institutions…the present work is chiefly among isolated invalids, and almost entirely with chronic sufferers, 'whom the Lord has shut in.'”<br /><br />Excerpts: <br /><br />p. 2-3 "It is, however, in the subtler forms of cheer, in the building up of hope and courage, infinding new interests or reviving old ones, in bringing good books or new ideas, in carrying 'golden gossip' to those who have drifted into an eddy of petty interests, in giving comfort at times of especial suffering or grief, that the Society does its best work."<br /><br />p. 6 "A helpless invalid who lies alone all day in a cheerless tenement because she and the sister who supports her cannot bear to be separated, has had much brightness brought into her sinularly desolate life, and is exceedingly grateful." <br /><br />p. 8 "This Society is closely affiliated with the Shut-In Society, which publishes the 'Open Window,' a monthly magazine which serves as a means of communication between its members who are scattered throughout the world although chiefly in the United States."
Shinn, George W.
<a href="https://www.simmons.edu/library/archives/collections/charities" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Charities Collection">Simmons University Archives Charities Collection</a>
1909
Simmons University Library
<p>No Copyright – Non-Commercial Use Only<br />This object has been digitized in a public-private partnership. As part of this partnership, the partners have agreed to limit commercial uses of this digital representation of the object by third parties. You can, without permission, copy, modify, distribute, display, or perform the digital object, for non-commercial uses. For any other permissible uses, please review the terms and conditions of the organization that has made the item available.<br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-NC/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-NC/1.0/</a></p>
Learn more: <br /><a href="https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=SFC18900504.2.103&e=-------en--20--1--txt-txIN--------1" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Newspaper article, 1890">The Shut-in Society. An association of invalids who correspond with one another.</a> San Francisco Call, Volume 67, Number 165, 4 May 1890, California Digital Newspaper Collection <br /><a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/public-welfare/old-age-assistance-an-overview/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Old Age Assistance: An Overview">Old Age Assistance: An Overview</a>, Social Welfare History Project <br /><a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/public-welfare/aid-for-the-aged/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Aid for the Aged: Title I of the Social Security Act">Aid For The Aged: Title I of the Social Security Act</a>, Social Welfare History Project <br />Achenbaum, W.A. and Carr, L.C. <a href="https://www.asaging.org/blog/brief-history-aging-services-united-states" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Brief History of Aging Services in the U.S.">A Brief History of Aging Services in the United States</a>, American Society on Aging
Interracial News Service, vol. 11, no. 1. January 1940
A news digest published by the Department of Race Relations, Federal Council of Churches, New York, NY. <br /><br />The Federal Council of Churches was an ecumenical association of Protestant denominations in the United States founded in Philadelphia in 1908. It merged with other ecumenical bodies in 1950 to form the present day National Council of Churches. <br /><br />Masthead: "Gleanings from press releases and other sources to inform busy but sincere people of some of the things affecting the lives of racial minorities. Let's do away with walls ! 'We are all one in Christ Jesus.'<br />The Material in the News Service is given for information and is not to be construed as declarations of official attitudes or policies of the Department of Race Relations or the Federal Council of Churches." <br /><br />This issue takes a look back at 1939, noting important stories and trends. Topics include lynchings, jobs and organized labor, peonage, housing, civil rights, health, law, spots, arts, religion, literature, World War 2, and science.<br /><br />Selected notices:<br />p. 1 "The Department of Records of Tuskegee Institute lists only three lynchings for the year 1939, a sharp decrease from former years. In eighteen instances law enforcement officers were credited with preventing lynchings, saving twenty-five persons from 'the hands of mobs,'" <br /><br />p. 2 "The right to vote has been sought with new vigor by Negroes in Southern states. The Klan was revived in an effort to terrify Negroes and keep them from registering in Florida and South Carolina...." <br /><br />"The refusal of library service was dramatized in Alexandria, Va., where the public librarian called the police to remove five colored youths who sought service in this public institution. Mrs. Mary McLeod Bethune, Director of Negro Affairs for the NYA reported at a meeting of the Southern Education Foundation that only 14 per cent of 509 public libraries in 13 Southern stataes provided service for Negroes."<br /><br />"Health facilities for Negroes are notably lacking. A study in Mississippi made by the American Medical Association showed that there was only one Negro physician for each 14,221 colored persons and only 731 beds in general hospitals for the entire Negro population of more than a million in the state. It is estimated that 75 per cent of the deaths from tuberculosis are Negroes but only 40 beds are available for their care. This represents the worst type of situation." <br /><br />p. 3 "Joe Louis world's heavyweight champion, defended his title four times in 1939." <br /><br />"Marian Anderson, internationally known contralto, soared to new heights when she sang to 75,000 and a nationwide radio audience from the steps of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, after exclusion by the D. A. R. from using Constitution Hall." <br /><br />"The threatened growth of anti-Semitism has intensified the study of race relations and many church groups have broadened their consideration of race to include this problem." <br /><br />"The Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues issued a statement declaring that experiments showed no characteristic inherent psychological differences to distinguish so-called 'races.'" <br /><br />"From the American Jewish Committee, New York...<br />Stimulated by the meeting between representatives of the Jewish press and Negro organizations held at the end of September, the Jewish press in the United States has undertaken a systemic campaign to improve relations between Negroes and Jews."
<a href="https://vcu-alma-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=VCU_ALMA21375204090001101&context=L&vid=VCUL&search_scope=all_scope&tab=all&lang=en_US" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="catalog entry">E 185.5.I68</a>, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Libraries, VCU Libraries
1940 January
Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
NO KNOWN COPYRIGHT <br />The organization that has made the Item available reasonably believes that the Item is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. <br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/</a>
Learn more: <br /><em><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=Southern+Frontier" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Issues of The Southern Frontier">The Southern Frontier</a>,</em> Social Welfare History Image Portal <br /><a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/eras/civil-war-reconstruction/jim-crow-laws-andracial-segregation/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Jim Crow Laws">Jim Crow Laws and Racial Segregation</a>, Social Welfare History Project
Bond, Piedmont Sanatorium
Bond, issued in 1917 in return for a donationof $1.00 toward the construction of Piedmont Sanatorium. <br /><br />The Piedmont Sanatorium was established in Burkeville, Virginia, in June, 1918. At that time, tuberculosis was one of the leading causes of death for African Americans, but segregated health care in Virginia dictated that blacks could receive treatment in only two facilities—Central State Hospital (a mental health facility) and the state penitentiary. <br /><br />The <a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/negro_organization_society" target="_blank" title="Negro Organization Society" rel="noreferrer noopener">Negro Organization Society</a> initiated discussions with the State Board of Health, particularly Agnes D. Randolph, the Director of the Bureau of Tuberculosis Education. Randolph was instrumental in convincing the state government to establish a facility for African Americans. <br /><br />The Negro Organization Society continued to be heavily involved with the issue, from raising public awareness to donating funds to improve the facility. Piedmont Sanatorium had closed by 1965, when black patients began to be sent to Blue Ridge Sanatorium, near Charlottesville. <br /><br />Excerpt: <br />"This Bond is issued for the purpose of cooperation with the Negro Organization Society to erect and to equip one Building to be used for the patients and to include rooms for visiting Doctors who shall from time to time be invited for study to the Sanatorium. The purchaser hereby receives a share in the benefit and happiness to be derived."
Piedmont Sanatorium
<a href="http://librarycatalog.virginiahistory.org/final/Portal/Default.aspx?component=AAAAIY&record=029b3095-369e-4ce6-9e5c-7de76f69b6a1" target="_blank" title="Manuscripts, Mss4 P5957 a 1" rel="noreferrer noopener">Manuscripts, Call Number Mss4 P5957 a 1</a>, Library of the Virginia Museum of History & Culture, Virginia Historical Society
1917
Virginia Museum of History & Culture, Virginia Historical Society
NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES<br />The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. <br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/</a><br /><br />Acknowledgement of the Virginia Historical Society as a source is requested.
Learn more: <br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/exhibits/show/white-plague--tuberculosis/gallery" target="_blank" title="The White Plague: Tuberculosis" rel="noreferrer noopener">The White Plague: Tuberculosis</a>, Discovery Set, Social Welfare History Image Portal<br /><a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/issues/poverty/tuberculosis/" target="_blank" title="Tuberculosis" rel="noreferrer noopener">Tuberculosis</a>, Social Welfare History Project<br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=tuberculosis" target="_blank" title="Materials related to Tuberculosis" rel="noreferrer noopener">Tuberculosis</a>, Social Welfare History Image Portal <br /><a href="http://exhibits.hsl.virginia.edu/alav/virginia/" target="_blank" title="Tuberculosis Sanatoriums in Virginia" rel="noreferrer noopener">Tuberculosis Sanatoriums in Virginia: Catawba, Piedmont, and Blue Ridge</a>, Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, University of Virginia <br />France J. J. (1920). <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2622470/pdf/jnma00821-0024.pdf" target="_blank" title="PDF of this article" rel="noreferrer noopener">A Post-Graduate Course in Tuberculosis at the Piedmont Sanatorium, Burkeville, Va.</a> Journal of the National Medical Association, 12(2), 16–21. (link to PDF) <br /><a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015067921224&view=2up&seq=348&size=125" target="_blank" title="Clean-Up Week informational publication" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Rules of Good Health and Directions for Spring Cleaning.</a> Prepared and Issued at the Request of the Negro Organization Society of Virginia (1917 April 5). Virginia Public Health Bulletin, <em>IX</em>(2) Extra.
National Health Circle for Colored People, Inc. Hiking the Health Road for Others
Informational pamphlet about the National Health Circle for Colored People, Inc. <br /><br />The National Health Circle for Colored People developed out of the Circle for Negro Relief, an organization that helped meet the needs for black soldiers and their families during World War I. In 1919 the Circle was reorganized as a peace time program for the promotion of public health work in African American communities. <a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015012320084&view=2up&seq=238" target="_blank" title="photograph of Belle Davis" rel="noreferrer noopener">Belle Davis</a>, a graduate of Fisk University, served as the Circle's executive secretary. Davis made over <a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015012320084&view=2up&seq=236" target="_blank" title="Pathfinders, by Adah B Thoms" rel="noreferrer noopener">25,000 visits</a> in nine years to promote public health and welfare and raise awareness of the needs of black communities. <br /><br />The National Health Circle for Colored People also worked to recruit, educate and place African American public health nurses. They raised money for scholarship loans and at one time provided office space for the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Association_of_Colored_Graduate_Nurses" target="_blank" title="NACGN in Wikipedia" rel="noreferrer noopener">National Association of Colored Graduate Nurses</a>. <br /><br />This pamphlet list six "Objects of the Organization" and speaks to public health conditions, their causes, and the remedy. An appeal to both white and black citizens for membership is followed by endorsements from Theodore Roosevelt, R. R. Moton, Haven Emerson, M.D., and C. Everit Macy. <br /><br />Dr. Will W. Alexander of the <a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=Commission+on+Interracial+Cooperation" target="_blank" title="materials related to the CIC" rel="noreferrer noopener">Commission on Interracial Cooperation</a> is listed as a member of the Board of Directors. <br /><br />The Circle notes that "tuberculosis kills eleven times as many Negro boys between the ages of ten and fourteen as white boys, and about eight times as many colored girls as white girls." Life expectancy of blacks was less than that of whites, and as many as 96 out of every 1,000 African American babies died before their first birthday. <br /><br />Pictured on the front cover are two Scholarship Nurses of the Circle, Alice Alvenia Sightler, R.N., graduate of Mercy Hospital, Philadelphia (left) and Agnes Boozer, R.N., graduate of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harlem_Hospital_School_of_Nursing" target="_blank" title="Harlem Hospital School of Nursing" rel="noreferrer noopener">Harlem Hospital School of Nursing</a> (right).
National Health Circle for Colored People, Inc.
M 9 Box 35, <a href="http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/vcu/repositories/5/resources/279.oai_ead.xmlhttp://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/vcu/repositories/5/resources/279.oai_ead.xml" target="_blank" title="finding aid" rel="noreferrer noopener">Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978</a>, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
between 1926 - 1929
Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
COPYRIGHT UNDETERMINED<br /><br />The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use.<br /><br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/</a>
Learn more: <br /><br />Organizing Black America: an encyclopedia of African American associations (2001). New York: Garland.<br /><br />Thoms, A. B. (1929). <a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015012320084&view=2up&seq=234" target="_blank" title="See p. 191 for info on the National Health Circle for Colored People, Inc." rel="noreferrer noopener">Pathfinders: a history of the progress of colored graduate nurses</a>. New York: Kay Print House.<br /><br />Hine, D.C. (1989). Black women in white: racial conflict and cooperation in the nursing profession, 1890-1950. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.<br /><br /><a href="http://archives.nypl.org/scm/20744" target="_blank" title="Finding aid" rel="noreferrer noopener">National Association of Colored Nurses records, 1908-1958</a>. New York Public Library.<br /><br />Hodson, Jane (1911). <a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.c029406304&view=2up&seq=10" target="_blank" title="How to become a trained nurse" rel="noreferrer noopener">How to become a trained nurse</a>. 3rd ed. New York, W. Abbatt. See p. 255, "Schools for Colored Nurses (Exclusively)."