Virginia Federation of Labor Convention Badge. Bristol, Va., April 3, 4, 5, 1922
description: Virginia Federation of Labor delegate's convention badge. Delegates represented local unions at the state gathering. The Virginia Federation of Labor was aligned with the American Federation of Labor, the powerful organization of unions led by Samuel Gompers. Although southern workers struggled to organize successfully in large numbers, unions nonetheless became a force. Between 1885 and 1890, according to one historian, twenty-three national or international unions organized locals in Virginia. Another scholar estimates that by the turn of the twentieth century, about 10% of Richmond’s industrial workers were represented by unions. That success was tempered, however, by the pervasive racism of the period. When the Knights of Labor held a national convention in Richmond in 1886, the New York delegation was refused accommodations because one of their members was an African American. By 1919 progress in racial cooperation had been made at the national level. That progress was reflected at the Virginia State Federation of Labor’s annual convention, in the same year, in Alexandria. W.H. Page, of Newport News, became the first African American to be appointed to the Virginia group’s executive council. Black labor leaders, and black newspapers, praised the move, but it also prompted angry backlash. Some two thousand white unionists, of Richmond, left the Federation of Labor in protest of Page’s appointment. Those episodes evoke the racial tensions of the Jim Crow South. Image Description: This round badge has blue lettering on a white background with a multi-color coat of arms of Virginia in the center. Inscribed in blue: "27TH ANNUAL CONVENTION / VA. FEDERATION OF LABOR" above the seal and "APRIL 3.4.5, 1922, BRISTOL, VA." below. Suspended from oval badge inscribed : "DELEGATE". The back of the badge reads "The Whitehead and Hoag Co. Buttons, Badges, Novelties and Signs. Newark, N.J."
source: 2002.148.6, Virginia Museum of History & Culture, Virginia Historical Society
date: 1922
contributor: Virginia Museum of History & Culture, Virginia Historical Society
rights: NO COPYRIGHT - NON-COMMERCIAL USE ONLY This Work has been digitized in a public-private partnership. As part of this partnership, the partners have agreed to limit commercial uses of this digital representation of the Work by third parties. You can, without permission, copy, modify, distribute, display, or perform the Item, for non-commercial uses. For any other permissible uses, please review the terms and conditions of the organization that has made the Item available. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-NC/1.0/
relation: Learn more: Love, R. Labor in Virginia during the twentieth century. Encyclopedia Virginia Virginia Federation of Labor proceedings of the 27th annual session held at Bristol, Virginia, April Third and Fourth, 1922. HathiTrust.org Harold, C. N. (2016). New Negro politics in the Jim Crow south. (Athens, Ga.: University of Georgia Press). Kimball, G. (1991, April). The working people of Richmond: life and labor in an industrial city, 1865-1920. Labor's Heritage, 3(2). Woman's Work. Sixteenth Annual Session of the Virginia Federation of Labor, Richmond, Virginia. June 6-7-8, 1911, 25-26. Note of Thanks to Miss Johnston. The Times Dispatch. (Richmond, Va.), 10 June 1911, p. 5. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Library of Congress.

Equal Suffrage League of Richmond, Va., February, 1915
description: Equal Suffrage League of Richmond, Va. in front of Washington Monument, Capitol Square, Richmond. The members of the ESL were promoting the suffrage film, "Your Girl and Mine." Photo published in The Times-Dispatch: Richmond, Va., February 28, 1915, p. 10 Members of the Equal Suffrage League photographed that day: (left to right in car) Mrs. G. Harvey Clarke (Mary Ellen Pollard Clarke), Mrs. Roy Knight Flannagan (Lucy Catesby Jones Flannagan), Nora Houston, Mrs. John Grant Armistead (Rosalie Fontaine Jones Armistead), Mrs. Alice Overbey Taylor, Mrs. Della E. Hooker (widow of J. W. Hooker), Mrs. Charles Vivian Meredith (Sophie “Posie” Meredith), Mrs. Georgia May Johnson (identified on photo as Mrs. Frank L. Johnson; perhaps Mrs. Francis L. Johnson) (left to right outside car) Adèle Clark, Mrs. Archer Gracchus Jones (Annie Boyd Jones), Mrs. John Garland Pollard (Grace Phillips Pollard), Mrs. Carter Wormeley (Sarah Harvie Wormeley), Mrs. Earnest Meade (Aline Jennings Mead(e), Mrs. Earnest C. B. Meade), Lynda McCalanahan Koiner, Mrs. James Stuart Reynolds (Virginia “Boogie” Dickinson Reynolds), Mrs. W. Hill Urquhart (Dorothy Gordon Tait Urquhart), Mrs. W. W. Foster (Carrie Palmore Hughes Foster)
source: M 9 Box 242, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
date: 1915 February
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: NO KNOWN COPYRIGHT The organization that has made the Item available reasonably believes that the Item is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/ Acknowledgement of VCU Libraries as a source is requested.
relation: Learn more: Campbell, A.W. (2019). Your Girl and Mine (suffrage film), Social Welfare History Project Equal Suffrage League, Social Welfare History Image Portal

You've got it...USE IT! [Richmond Crusade for Voters flyer]
description: Richmond Crusade for Voters flyer. A hand brings down a heavy hammer that says VOTE, and breaks a chain. Text: you've got it...USE IT! Votes mean FREEDOM. Register and vote Votes mean EQUALITY. Register and vote Votes mean first-class citizenship. Register and vote. Votes mean better schools, better jobs, better housing. Register and vote USE YOUR VOTE TO WIN YOUR RIGHTS To Vote in November, you must REGISTER NOW!
source: M 306 Box 2, folder 8, Richmond Crusade for Voters collection, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU LIbraries
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: COPYRIGHT UNDETERMINED The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/
relation: Learn more: Komp, C. (2017, October 26). The Lasting Legacy of the Richmond Crusade for Voters. Community Idea Stations. Matthews, K. A. (2017). The Richmond Crusade for Voters. Charleston, South Carolina: Arcadia Publishing.

Pilgrimage of Prayer for Public Schools, January 1, 1959 [broadside]
description: Broadside advertising A Pilgrimage of Prayer for Public Schools, January 1, 1959 in Richmond, Va. At this event, organizers played a seven-minute pre-recorded message from Dr. King. A description of the event by Wyatt Tee Walker as reported to Dr. King is available online. More than 1,500 people attended. Text: Martin Luther King joins your Religious and Civic Leaders in Urging All Virginians to Come to Richmond in A Pilgrimage For Public Schools on EMANCIPATION DAY January 1, 1959. You will assemble at THE MOSQUE Laurel and Main Streets promptly at 2:30 P.M. "Let us not deceive ourselves! We have among us politicians who will not hesitate to CLOSE ALL PUBLIC SCHOOLS IN VIRGINIA. We must demonstrate to Virginia and the nation by our presence and action that we will not tolerate this crime against Virginia's children." --Dr. Philip Y. Wyatt WHICH WILL IT BE? Free Eduation? or Closed Schools? "Only through the preservation of a free, desegregated public school system can a people be fully emancipated from the shackles of prejudice and inequality. American democracy itself is at stake. This is your pilgrimage." --The Rev. Wyatt Tee Walker
source: M 306 Box 2, folder 8, Richmond Crusade for Voters collection, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU LIbraries
date: 1959
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: COPYRIGHT UNDETERMINED The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/
relation: Learn more: Text of letter from Wyatt Tee Walker, pastor of Gillfield Baptist Church in Petersburg, to Martin Luther King, Jr. reporting on a 1 January Prayer Pilgrimage to protest the efforts of Virginia officials to block public school integration. Stanford University, The Martin Luther King, Jr. Research and Education Institute. Leaflet. Passive Resisance to Massive Resistance. Leaflet with photographs of the Prayer Pilgrimage. Digital Collections. Yale University Library. Program, Pilgrimage of Prayer for Public Schools, January 1, 1959. Library of Virginia. Massive resistance, Social Welfare History Image Portal. Massive resistance, Encyclopedia Virginia. Wyatt Tee Walker, Dr. King's Strategist and a Harlem Leader, Dies at 88, The New York Times. Martin Luther King, Jr., Social Welfare History Image Portal.

Virginia (white) Denominational Conference on Race Relations, October 28, 1930. Program and Resolution on "The Birth of a Nation."
description: Alternate name: Virginia Church Conference on Race Relations. A meeting of white religious leaders convened to discuss how churches might take a leadership role in race relations. See all documents related to this event.
source: M 9 Box 35, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
date: 1930 October 28
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: COPYRIGHT UNDETERMINED The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/
relation: Learn more: Profiles from the Archives: Benjamin R. Lacy, Jr. North Carolina Department of Natural and Cultural Resources

Interracial Conference of Church Women, Eagles Mere, Pa., September 21-22, 1926
description: Group portrait of attendees at the Interracial Conference of Church Women, Eagles Mere, Pa., September 21-22, 1926. The conference was held by the Commission on the Church and Race Relations of the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America, Inc. (the Federal Council of Churches), the Council of Women for Home Missions, and the National Board of the YWCA. Mrs. Richard W. Westbrook (Mary L. Westbrook) of Brooklyn, NY, was the conference chairman. She stands in the front row (fifth from right) next to Charlotte Hawkins Brown, founder of Palmer Memorial Center, who stands in the front row center. Delegates identified: First row: Dr. Sara W. Brown (YWCA), second from left. Mrs. L. W. Kyles (A.M.E. Zion Church, Winston Salem, NC), third from left. Charlotte Hawkins Brown (founder Palmer Memorial Center), center. Mary L. Westbrook (conference chair), fifth from right. Miss Eva del Vakia Bowles (YWCA), second from right. Second row: Mary Anderson (first director U.S. Women's Bureau) third from left. Mrs. John Ferguson (Council of Women for Home Missions), fourth from right. George Edmund Haynes (sociologist, National Urban League), fourth row center. Third row: Adele Clark (League of Women Voters), left at end. Top row: Annetta M. Dieckmann (YWCA, Industrial Dept.), third from left. The Eagles Mere conference was noteworthy because it brought together white and black women leaders to study the possibilities of larger cooperation. Also of significance, delegates to the conference represented both the North and the South, giving the discussions a nationwide scope (Federal Council Bulletin, September-October, 1926, p.7). See all documents related to this conference.
source: M 9 Box 239, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
date: 1926 September
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: COPYRIGHT UNDETERMINED The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/
relation: Learn more: Adams, B. L. (2016). Black women's Christian activism. Seeking social justice in a northern suburb. New York: New York University Press. Interracial Conference of Church Women, Social Welfare History Image Portal

Register! Vote!
description: Poster reprinted from Collier's encouraging qualified citizens to register and vote in the 1924 presidential election. Voter turnout that year would fall short of the 1920 count. Text: Register! Vote! Don't be a parlor patriot. Don't be a rocking-chair Paul Revere. How Qualified Citizens Voted: 1896......80% 1900......73% 1912......62% 1920......49% Let's Make 1924 the Year of the Big Vote Reprinted from Collier's, The National Weekly
source: M 9 Box 81, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: COPYRIGHT UNDETERMINED The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/
relation: Learn more: Controlling the Vote -- Rights. Registration. Representation. Discovery Set, Social Welfare History Image Portal

Virginia Conference on Race Relations, The Southern Workman, January 1931
description: This article reports on the Virginia Church Conference on Race Relations held October 28, 1930 at St. Paul's Episcopal Church in Richmond, Va. The theme of the conference was "Facing the Facts with a Christian Program." Dr. Ben Lacy, Jr. President of Union Theological Seminary, presided over the gathering of leaders of white church groups in Virginia, and representative of Virginia schools and colleges. Speakers presented findings of "The Negro in Richmond, Virgina" a study completed by the Negro Welfare Suvey Committee in 1929. Topics such as housing, education, community health and infant mortality were discussed. Other matters covered included the possible re-release of "Birth of a Nation" as a sound film, lynchings, and interracial cooperation. The Hon. John Pollard, Governor of the Commonwealth and Dr. Robert R. Moton , principal of Tuskegee Institute addressed "a great interracial mass meeting attended by a thousand prominent citizens in addition to members of the conference." (p. 7) See all the materials related to this conference.
source: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
date: 1931 January
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: IN COPYRIGHT This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
relation: Learn more: Drew, W. M. (2010). The last silent picture show : silent films on American screens in the 1930s. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press. (See chapter 2). Virginia Church Conference on Interracial Relations, Social Welfare History Image Portal

Virginia Anti-Saloon League State Law-Enforcement Convention. February 1-2, 1922. Program and Invitation
description: Program for the Virginia Anti-Saloon League State Law-Enforcement Convention held February 1-2, 1922, and the letter that accompanied it. Letter (dated January 28, 1922) is from J. P. McConnell (James Preson McConnell), President of the Anti-Saloon League of Virginia, 1921-1928. The conference presents a mix of religious, patriotic, and legislative strategy. The governor of Virgina, E. Lee Trinkle, was scheduled to speak very briefly on the final evening.
source: M 9 Box 34, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
date: 1922 January 28
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/
relation: Learn more: The Temperance Movement, Social Welfare History Project Temperance and Prohibition. Discovery Set, Social Welfare History Image Portal What the Bottle Does. One Year's Work. Anti-Saloon League of Virginia broadside Pegram, T. R. Anti-Saloon League of Virginia, Encyclopedia of Virginia Virginia Anti-Saloon League Collection, Radford University

Why Should Women Vote? An Appeal to Gallant Men. [suffrage pamphlet]
description: Pro-suffrage pamphlet containing editorial cartoons by Lou Rogers, Phil Porter, and John T. McCutcheon, along with a map showing where women can vote. Excerpts: p.1 (cover) "WHY SHOULD WOMEN VOTE? This booklet contains all the OBJECTIONS to woman suffrage, their ANSWERS, and the CREAM of all that has been said or written on this subject from Moses and Plato down to Saint Paul and the year of our Lord, 1915. The map that's more than half woman suffrage already -- what's the matter with making it ALL woman suffrage? In the LIGHT States, women enjoy full suffrage. In the shaded States, women have taxation, bond, or school suffrage. In Illinois, women have Presidential, partial county and State, and municipal suffrage. In the DARK States, women have NO vote at all. AN APPEAL TO GALLANT MEN." p. 4 "Which side will get YOUR vote?... Chief Justice Green said, 'The opponents of woman suffrage in Washington find themselves allied with a solid phalanx of gamblers, pimps, prostitutes, drunkards and drunkard-makers.' When respectable people find themselves in alliance with scoundreldom, is it not worth while to stop and consider whether they have not taken their stand in the wrong company?"
source: M 9 Box 50, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
date: 1915
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/ Acknowledgement of the Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.

Dig In! [editorial cartoon by Fred O. Seibel]
description: Editorial cartoon in support of the Salvation Army Home Service Fund by Fred O. Seibel, published in The Knickerbocker Press, May 1919. Mounted and identified as no. 741. This Salvation Army campaign was conducted between May 19-26, 1919 to raise money to rebuild the Salvation Army after its service in World War I, and to provide for the needs of soldiers returning from war. National Doughnut Day, celebrated the first Friday of June, honors the Salvation Army members who served soldiers in World War I. In 1917, over two hundred-fifty Salvation Army volunteers went overseas to France to provide supplies and baked goods, including donuts, to American soldiers. A woman from the Salvation Army stands behind an upturned tambourine filled with coins. Text: "Dig In! Veteran: "Believe Me, If you want to come across for a worthy cause, get in on this toot sweet!" Moses Crow: "Ask the man who knows!"
source: M 23, Box 2 Frederick Otto Seibel papers, 1882-1968, James Branch Cabell Libraries, VCU Libraries
date: 1919 May
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/ Please acknowledge VCU Libraries as a source.
relation: Learn more: "A man may be down but he's never out!" Home Service Fund Campaign - Salvation Army - May 19-26, 1919 / / Frederick Duncan. Library of Congress The Salvation Army. Wikipedia Our history. Salvation Army website Home Service Fund (1919). Chronicling America, Library of Congress Salvation Army, Social Welfare History Image Portal

A 100 Per Cent Opinion! [editorial cartoon by Fred O. Seibel]
description: Editorial cartoon by Fred O. Seibel for The Knickerbocker Press. Mounted and identified as no. 929. The cartoon was created in April 1920 after duly-elected assemblymen were expelled from the New York State Assembly. The Speaker of the Senate at the time was Republican Thaddeus C. Sweet. The socialist lawmakers were August Claessens and Louis Waldman of Manhattan; Charles Solomon of Brooklyn; and Samuel Orr and Samuel A. DeWitt of the Bronx. Image Description: Thaddeus C. Sweet sits at a desk covered in papers. Charles E. Hughes addresses Speaker Sweet saying, "I deeply regret the action of the Assembly in suspending five members of the Socialist Party who were duly elected. Are Socialists, unconvicted of crime, to be denied the ballot? If Socialists are permitted to vote, are they not permitted to vote for their own candidates?" In the lower left corner "Moses Crow" says, "The people still believe in the ballot box!"
source: M 23, Box 3, cartoon no. 929, Frederick Otto Seibel papers, 1882-1968. James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries.
date: 1920
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: NO KNOWN COPYRIGHT The organization that has made the Item available reasonably believes that the Item is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/ Please acknowledge VCU Libraries as a source.
relation: Learn more: Confessore, Nicholas (2009 October 21) When the Assembly Expelled Socialists For Disloyalty The New York Times.

Suffrajests [handbill]
description: Anti-suffrage broadside poking fun at the woman suffrage movement. Filled with puns and inside jokes, the source and precise meaning of this publication are uncertain. Notes: The Square Deal was President Theodore Roosevelt's domestic program. The "hatchet" refers to Carrie Nation, the radical temperance activist. The "wets" (and "drys") were the two sides on the issue of prohibition. Some of the puns refer to foods made from corn: grits and hominy. Postum is a coffee substitute made from roasted wheat and molasses. Paradise Lost is an epic poem written by John Milton. The poem is divided into twelve sections known as "books." A "canto" is another word for the sections into which some long poems are divided. The History of Woman Suffrage quotes a line from Paradise Lost, "All is not lost: the unconquerable will is ours." The Masses was a richly illustrated socialist magazine, published monthly from 1911 until 1917. Excerpts: SUFFRAJESTS If our husbands' socks are full of holes, Our holier duty is at the polls.... We didn't need the "hatchet"--we've got the "Club." Hurrah! Put your bets on the suffragettes. If you'll back them up they'll uphold the "wets." That's a stand off. We don't believe in "force"--it isn't what its "cracked up" to be. "Hominy" is better, and somes "grit" is necessary. You see, we "acknowledge the corn." (This isn't a cereal story.); if it were we'd "postum" up and raise some electioneering dough. Our road isn't all "peaches and cream," but we hope to get our desserts some day.... We are truly yours by a large majority, THE SUFFRAJESTS
source: Henry S. Wallerstein and Clara Ullman Wallerstein Collection, Beth Ahabah Museum & Archives
contributor: Beth Ahabah Museum & Archives
rights: NO KNOWN COPYRIGHT The organization that has made the Item available reasonably believes that the Item is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/
relation: Learn more: Anti-suffrage materials, Social Welfare History Image Portal

Nobody Knows How Dry They Are [1932 Presidential Election handbill]
description: This handbill advocates for the election of Democratic presidential candidate Franklin D. Roosevelt and his running mate John Nance Garner, and for the repeal of the Eighteenth Amendment. The handbill title calls to mind a popular refrain, "How Dry I Am." An editorial cartoon by Guy Spencer (reprinted from the Omaha World Herald) points out that Republican Herbert Hoover and his running mate, Charles Curtis, hold opposing positions on the issue of repeal. Excerpt: "The Republican platform and Republican spokesmen have attempted to mislead the people about prohibition as they have done about other important economic and political questions. Do you want evasion and hypocrisy on vital national issues? Do you admire leaders whose principles shift with every political wind? Democrats Have: A Clear Platform--Honest Candidates The Democratic Plank on Prohibition reads: 'We favor repeal of the Eighteenth Amendment.' In order to obtain much needed government revenue, it further favors immediate modification of the Volstead Act to legalize light wines and beer. The Democratic Platform as vigorously as the Republican demands: (1) Strict federal protection to states that choose to remain dry (2) Prevention of the return of the saloon"
source: M 9 Box 243, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
date: 1932
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: COPYRIGHT UNDETERMINED The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/
relation: Learn more: Guy R. Spencer, 1878-1945. Finding Aid. Nebraska History Museum. Flashback Friday Encore: Comics, Cartoons, Drawings and Doodles. Nebraska History. Prohibition, Social Welfare History Image Portal

Third Liberty Loan [pinback button]
description: Pinback button created by the Whitehead & Hoag Co., Newwark, N.J. Liberty loans (or Liberty Bonds) were war bonds sold in the United States in support of World War I. Subscribing to the bonds became a symbol of partriotic duty. There were four issues of Liberty bonds, beginning April 24, 1917. The Third Liberty Loan was issued April 5, 1918.
source: M 9 Box 233, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
date: 1918
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries
rights: NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/ Acknowledgment of Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.
relation: Learn more: Sutch, R. Liberty Bonds. April 1917 - September 1918. Federal Researve History. War Savings Stamps, Social Welfare History Image Portal

Come and Hear Southern Speakers Answer the Anti-Suffrage Arguments of Miss Lucy Price [broadside]
description: Broadside advertising Southern Speakers answering the anti-suffrage arguments of Miss Lucy Price of Ohio. Price was a well-known opponent of woman suffrage who argued "We know that we are the equals of men but we also feel that we have a work of our own that is just as important as that of men." (Cornell Daily Sun, 1915 February 12) Text: Come and hear Southern Speakers Answer the Anti-Suffrage Arguments of Miss Lucy Price of Ohio at the Suffrage Hearing Before the Joint Committees of the Senate and House in the Hall of the House of Delegates Monday, January 31st, at 4 O'clock." [Time is struck through and corrected to 3:30 O'clock.]
source: M 9 Box 233, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
date: 1915
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries
rights: NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/ Acknowledgment of Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.
relation: Learn more: "Noted Anti-Suffragist to Speak Here Tonight. Miss Lucy Price Will Present Arguments Against Giving Ballot to Women." The Cornell Daily Sun, vol. 35, no. 101 (1915 February 12). Cornell University Library "Think Women Better Off Without Right to Vote" The Day (1913 February 21), p.11

Miss Margaret Foley The Well Known Suffragist Will Speak [broadside]
description: Broadside publicizes two presentations by suffragist Margaret Foley: Hampton Court House on Wednesday, April 12, 1916 and in Newport News on Thursday, April 13, 1916. "Miss Margaret Foley The Well Known Suffragist Will Speak on Votes for Women... Miss Foley is the only woman who ever spoke in the Harvard Stadium and a most popular speaker. ALL ARE WELCOME Come and Hear What She Has to Say Under the Auspices of the Hampton and Newport News Equal Suffrage Leagues" Handwritten note at top of page, [?] liked Miss Foley "the best yet" Addition handwritten note gives Newport News location as Knights of Columbus Hall.
source: M 9 Box 233, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
date: 1916
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries
rights: NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/ Acknowledgment of Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.
relation: Learn more: Photograph of Margaret Foley distributing the Woman's Journal and Suffage News, Library of Congress Papers of Margaret Foley, 1847-1968 (inclusive), 1909-1929 (bulk), Harvard Library McDaid, J. D. (2019, September 12). Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (1909-1920), Encyclopedia Virginia

Permit granted to Equal Suffrage League of Virginia to hold public meetings in the street, June 23, 1915.
description: Permit issued by the Mayor of Richmond, Va. allowing the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia to hold public meetings on the streets and in the parks of the city. On May 1, 1915, the ESL were denied permission to speak on city streets by Mayor Ainslie, on the grounds that, while there was no law forbidding them to speak, neither was there one that allowed him to grant them a permit. The women proceeded to give speeches from inside an automobile. The event was documented and reported by the Richmond Times-Dispatch on May, 2, 1915. Photographs from the May 1 rally may be found in the Social Welfare History Image Portal.
source: M 9 Box 233, Adele Goodman Clark papers, 1849 - 1978, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
date: 1915 June 23
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: NO KNOWN COPYRIGHT The organization that has made the Item available reasonably believes that the Item is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/ Acknowledgment of VCU Libraries as a source is requested.
relation: Learn more: Suffrage, Social Welfare History Image Portal Suffrage at 100. A visual history. New York Times. Wheeler, M. (1992). Mary Johnston, Suffragist. The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, 100(1), 99-118.

Planks from the Suffrage Platform --as Stated by Mrs. C. C. Catt [anti-suffrage handbill]
description: Anti-suffrage handbill uses quotations to make its case that woman suffrage supports racial equality and will lead to intermarriage, advances feminist views, is unpatriotic and does not support the war effort or the Constitution of the United States. The Equal Suffrage League of Virginia and the Equal Suffrage League of Richmond are both named. The writer of the handbill asks, "Is our Constitution another scrap of paper? Do YOU endorse these doctrines?"
source: M 9 Box 233, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries
rights: NO KNOWN COPYRIGHT The organization that has made the Item available reasonably believes that the Item is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/ Acknowledgement of VCU Libraries as a source is requested.
relation: Learn more: Discovery Set: The Anti-Suffrage Movement, Social Welfare History Image Portal

Kate Waller Barrett [photograph]
description: Photographic portrait of Kate Waller Barrett. Barrett was one of the first women medical doctors in the south. She co-founded the National Florence Crittenton Mission with Charles Nelson Crittenton. The organization focused on the needs of unwed mothers and prostitutes ("fallen women"). Barrett was instrumental in helping unwed mothers become an acceptable subject of philanthropy.
source: M 9 Box 239, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: COPYRIGHT UNDETERMINED The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/
relation: Learn more: Kate Waller Barrett, Social Welfare History Project Florence Crittenton Mission, Social Welfare History Project Kate Waller Barrett, Social Welfare History Image Portal

The Rights of the People -- Women Are People. Suffrage Victory Map [ESL of Virginia / NAWSA broadside]
description: This broadside has a map at top that shows the extent of woman suffrage across the United States. At this time, women could vote in presidential elections in some states; in municipal elections in others; and only with regard to school bond and tax matters in others. The lower half of the broadside is titled "VIRGINIA WOMEN WANT THE VOTE." The text was created by the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia. It argues that two out of three women across the state, in both rural and urban location, are suffragists. "Virginia women who are asking for enfranchisement are BY NO MEANS A SMALL MINORITY." "The child and the home are the greatest assets of the nation. The Farmer's Wife is his working partner. She helps him to pay taxes on roads and schools. She should have the right on where and how these roads and schools are built; to elect the school trustees who determine what her children shall be taught." "Virginia wives and mothers should vote upon public health laws and moral laws which vitally affect the welfare of the family." The broadside then addresses the argument that a federal amendment permitting women to vote will increase the voting power of African Americans in the south. With the Civil War and Reconstruction only fifty-four years in the past, the southern states were against any federal law reducing their right to control who could vote. The ESL makes the argument that the states' power to levy poll taxes, have residency requirements, and require that voters be able to read and write will be sufficient. "Whte Supremacy. There is now no negro domination under male suffrage in the counties in Virginia where white people are in the minority, and there will be no negro domination with men and women voting." The broadside also argues that women are conservative voters, so woman suffrage will not increase the socialist vote.
source: M 9 Box 233, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
date: c. 1919
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: NO KNOWN COPYRIGHT The organization that has made the Item available reasonably believes that the Item is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/ Acknowledgment of VCU Libraries as a source is requested.
relation: Learn more: Suffrage, Social Welfare History Image Portal Discovery Set: Woman Suffrage, Social Welfare History Image Portal Discovery Set: Annotating Suffrage, Social Welfare History Image Portal Discovery Set: The Anti-Suffrage Movement, Social Welfare History Image Portal

American Association for Labor Legislation [membership solicitation card]
description: Membership solicitation card published by the American Association for Labor Legislation. One side has an editorial cartoon by Gordon Grant, republished from Better Times, a New York welfare magazine. It shows a family standing under an arch in which the keystone (labelled "Employment") is slipping out. If the keystone falls, the family will be crushed. Excerpts: Security of Employment for the Breadwinner. The only basis of Sound Social Action. Help the Keystone Hold! Other side-- Purpose: To improve industrial conditions that needlessly involve loss of life, health and productivity of workers; and to obtain uniform labor laws in the interest of the whole community. This Association is an instrument with which men and women are accomplishing, cooperatively, what they could not hope to do individually.
source: M 9 Box 98, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: COPYRIGHT UNDETERMINED The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/
relation: Learn more: We're Home--Now What? National World War I Museum and Memorial exhibit

Imperial Palace, Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, Atlanta, GA [postcard]
description: Postcard showing Imperial Palace, Stone Mountain, GA surrounded by seven Klansmen brandishing torches, mounted on horseback. A portrait of William Joseph Simmons, founder and leader of the second Ku Klux Klan, appears at upper right corner. Portrait caption: "Col. W. J. Simmons, Founder and Imperial Wizard." Text: "Imperial Palace, Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, Atlanta, GA. Stone Mountain, Largest Solid Stone in the World, one mile from Base to Summit. On its highest pinnacle the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan Oranized at Midnight, Nov. 25th, 1915." On reverse: "Published by a Klansman" --- The birth of the second Ku Klux Klan was partly inspired by D. W. Griffith's 1915 film, The Birth of a Nation. The face of Stone Mountain became the site of the Confederate Memorial Carving, the largest bas-relief sculpture in the world. This bas-relief depicts the three Confederate leaders of the Civil War: President Jefferson Davis and Generals Robert E. Lee and Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson. The sculptor was Gutzon Borglum, whose next major project was Mount Rushmore. In his "I Have A Dream" speech (28 August 1963), Martin Luther King, Jr. invoked the imagery of "My Country 'Tis of Thee" saying, Let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia. Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee. Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi. From every mountainside, let freedom ring.
source: M 172 Box 1, Calvin T. Lucy papers, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: The organization that has made the Item available reasonably believes that the Item is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/
relation: Learn more: Backlash to Reform: Hatred and Extremism, Social Welfare History Image Portal Martin Luther King, Jr., Social Welfare History Image Portal Ku Klux Klan, Social Welfare History Image Portal Mapping the Second Ku Klux Klan, 1915-1940, Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries New York World Expose of the Ku Klux Klan, Wikipedia Ku Klux Klan, New York 1921. Chronicling America. Historic American Newspapers. Library of Congress White supremacy, Social Welfare History Image Portal

Richmond Exchange for Woman's Work, 309 East Franklin Street [pamphlet]
description: This ephemera pertains to the Richmond Exchange for Woman’s Work, founded in 1883, part of the Woman’s Exchange movement started in Philadelphia in 1832. Exchanges were popular places for women in hardship to sell goods on consignment without working publicly, a social taboo at the time. Some Exchanges still operate, and while the Richmond Exchange closed in 1955, it launched several female-owned businesses including Sally Bell’s Kitchen, still in business. Its founders—Elizabeth Lee Milton and Sarah Cabell Jones—met through the Richmond Woman’s Exchange. A handwritten note at the document's end records "From March 1st 1883 to March 1st 1884 $2430.80 was paid to consigners -" Printed text excerpts: The Association has been organized to aid ladies whose pecuniary circumstances require them to make their own handiwork a means of their support, and also to afford an opportunity by which work may be sold for charitable purposes. The rooms of the Exchange are located in a convenient part of the city, and there useful and domestic, fancy and artistic articles are exhibited and sold. Orders for work of all descriptions may be given, and purchasers of tasteful and useful articles may relieve the wants of others while gratifying their own taste.
source: Manuscripts, Call Number Mss1 M3855 c 4024, Library of the Virginia Museum of History and Culture, Virginia Historical Society
date: 1880s
contributor: Virginia Museum of History and Culture, Virginia Historical Society
rights: NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/ Acknowledgement of the Virginia Historical Society as a source is requested.
relation: Learn more: Sander, K. W. (1998). The Business of charity: The woman's exchange movement, 1832-1900. Urbana: University of Illinois Jones, D. G. (2001). A box lunch. Richmond, Va.: D. Jones. Federation of Woman's Exchanges Richmond Exchange for Woman's Work, Social Welfare History Image Portal

Rules of the Richmond Woman's Work Exchange [broadside]
description: This broadside pertains to the Richmond Exchange for Woman’s Work, founded in 1883, part of the Woman’s Exchange movement started in Philadelphia in 1832. Exchanges were popular places for women in hardship to sell goods on consignment without working publicly, a social taboo at the time. Some Exchanges still operate, and while the Richmond Exchange closed in 1955, it launched several female-owned businesses including Sally Bell’s Kitchen, still in business. Its founders—Elizabeth Lee Milton and Sarah Cabell Jones—met through the Richmond Woman’s Exchange. Excerpts: 1. The annual membership fee is $2. This membership will entitle each subscriber to enter the work of three persons for one year.... 10. Articles of personal property, which ladies are compelled by necessity to dispose of, are received under the rules applied to all other consignments. 11. Work is not received from ladies whose circumstances do not make it necessary for them to dispose of their handiwork, except when the proceeds are to be devoted to charitable purposes.
source: Manuscripts, Call Number Mss1 K2588 a 117-123, Library of the Virginia Museum of History and Culture, Virginia Historical Society
date: 1880s
contributor: Virginia Museum of History and Culture, Virginia Historical Society
rights: NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/ Acknowledgement of the Virginia Historical Society as a source is requested.
relation: Learn more: Sander, K. W. (1998). The Business of charity: The woman's exchange movement, 1832-1900. Urbana: University of Illinois Jones, D. G. (2001). A box lunch. Richmond, Va.: D. Jones. Federation of Woman's Exchanges Richmond Exchange for Woman's Work, Social Welfare History Image Portal