Children play in a pretend grocery store, Josephine Newbury Demonstration Kindergarten, Richmond, Va.
description: Four children are shown playing in a pretend grocery store. One boy uses a play phone and writes a message; a girl retrieves items from the shelves; another girl pretends to check out while a boy uses a toy cash register to ring up the sale. The Newbury Center was fully accredited by the Virginia State Department of Education as a kindergarten and as a training venue for teacher certification. Summer training workshops were attended by students from 13 Virginia universities. Education majors from VCU and VUU could do their student teaching there. Nurses in training in pediatrics at Richmond Memorial, MCV and Johnston-Willis hospitals came to fulfill their requirements in education and socialization of the young child. The building included a mirrored glass panel running the full length of one wall in the main classroom, behind which up to 20 visitors could observe the children and their teachers. The observation room was soundproofed and air-conditioned. A microphone and speaker system made it possible to listen to the activities in the classroom. This facility was considered very advanced for its time; it was modeled after the teacher training lab at the University of Maryland. Before the Newbury Center opened in 1957, there was no education available in a school setting in Richmond or the surrounding counties for children younger than five. The photographs in this series present an idealized image of childhood experience, social expectations, and gender roles, as well as the educational philosophy and methods of the time.
creator: Dementi Studios, Richmond, Va.
source: Josephine Newbury Demonstration Kindergarten Collection, Special Collections, William Smith Morton Library, Union Presbyterian Seminary
date: 1957
contributor: Union Presbyterian Seminary Library
rights: Copyright Dementi Studios, used by permission This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
relation: Learn more: The Place of Kindergarten in Child-Saving: 1900, Social Welfare History Project The Kindergarten as a Child-Saving Work, Social Welfare History Project Kindergartens: A History (1886), Social Welfare History Image Portal

Cholera Parade Float at Adventure Days, Richmond, Va.
description: This parade float from Richmond’s Adventure Days (1929) served as a public health reminder of cholera, noting “Richmonders Died at the Average Age of 24 in 1872.”
creator: Gray, W. Palmer (photographer).
source: V.45.15.1024, W. Palmer Gray Collection, The Valentine
date: 1929
contributor: The Valentine
rights: This Work has been digitized in a public-private partnership. As part of this partnership, the partners have agreed to limit commercial uses of this digital representation of the Work by third parties. You can, without permission, copy, modify, distribute, display, or perform the Item, for non-commercial uses. For any other permissible uses, please review the terms and conditions of the organization that has made the Item available. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-NC/1.0/

Chores of Modern Health Crusaders
description: Poster depicting the eleven Chores of Modern Health Crusaders. These eleven health chores set out the essentials of tuberculosis prevention and general hygiene. They were part of a public health campaign devised by Charles De Forest of the National Tuberculosis Association. The chores include: 1. I washed my hands before each meal to-day. 2. I washed ot only my face but my ears and neck and I cleaned my fingernails to-day. 3. I kept fingers, pencils and everything likely to be unclean or injurious out of my mouth and nose to-today. 4. I brushed my teeth thoroughly after breakfast, and after the evening mean to-day. 5. I took ten or more slow deep breaths of fresh air today. I was careful to protect others if I spit, coughed or sneezed. 6. I played outdoors or with windows open more than thirty minutes to-day. 7. I was in bed ten hours or more last night and kept my windows open. 8. I drank four glasses of water, including a drink before each meal, and drank no tea, coffee, nor other injurious drinks to-day. 9. I tried to eat only wholesome food and to eat slowly. I went to toilet at my regular times. 10. I tried hard to-day to sit up and stand up straight; to keep neat, cheerful and clean-minded; and to be helpful to others. 11. I took a full bath on each of the days of the week that are checked (x).
source: National Recreation Association records. Playground and Recreation Association of America. Board of Directors Minutes, 1924-1931, (Box 2), Social Welfare History Archives, University of Minnesota Libraries
date: 1919 September 24
contributor: Social Welfare History Archives, University of Minnesota Libraries
rights: Use of this image may be governed by U.S. and international copyright laws. Please contact the University of Minnesota Libraries, Social Welfare History Archives for permission to publish this image. http://www.lib.umn.edu/swha/
relation: Learn more: The Modern Health Crusade. A National Program of Health Instruction in Schools, Internet Archive Anti-tuberculosis play at Lyric Theatre, Social Welfare History Image Portal

Church Women Explore Interracial Paths, Federal Council Bulletin, September-October, 1926
description: Pages 7-8 (front and back) removed from Federal Council Bulletin, September-October, 1926. The article, "Church Women Explore Interracial Paths," details an interracial conference held on September 21-22, 1926 at Eagles Mere, Pa. The conference was organized by the Commission on the Church and Race Relations of the Federal Council of Churchs, the Council of Women for Home Missions, and the National Board of the Y.W.C.A. It was attended by delegates from numerous denominations and organizations. Adele Clark of Richmond, Va. attended representing the National League of Women Voters. The object of the conference, according to the chair Mrs. Richard W. Westbrook (Mary L. Westbrook), was "(1) To enlarge the scope of interracial thinking and to enlist the women of the churches more actively in plans and programs for improving the relations between the white and colored groups in America; (2) To discuss methods of better interracial organization through churches and their auxiliaries so that women may more effectively act on local interracial conditions; (3) To exchange concrete experiences from groups of women that have already attempted to carry out interracial programs; (4) To study the past experience of organizations that have done such work, to learn both from the sucesses and failures of such efforts how best to proceed in the future; (5) To understand better the present trend of feeling and opinion in race relations that the Churches may more effectively work for interracial goodwill and cooperation." See all documents related to the conference.
creator: Federal Council of Churches
source: M 9 Box 81, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
date: 1926 September-October
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: COPYRIGHT UNDETERMINED The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/
relation: Learn more: Adams, B. L. (2016). Black women's Christian activism. Seeking social justice in a northern suburb. New York: New York University Press. Interracial Conference of Church Women, Social Welfare History Image Portal

Citizenship Conference, Washington, D.C., October 13 - 15, 1923, promotional material
description: Multi-paged booklet outlining the call, the objectives, and the supporters of the Citizenship Conference held at the Raleigh Hotel, Washington, D.C., October 13- 15, 1923. The conference was called "in recognition of the widespread propaganda for the nullification of the EIGHTEENTH AMENDMENT to the Constitution and the VOLSTEAD ACT, thereby tending to weaken and break down the observance of all law....The Conference will emphasize the necessity for the same conscientious zeal for the enforcement as was manifest for the enactment of the law."
source: M 9 Box 98, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
date: 1923
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: The organization that has made the Item available reasonably believes that the Item is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/
relation: Learn more: Temperance Movement, Social Welfare History Project

Citizenship Education at the University
description: This article, "CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION AT THE UNIVERSITY," appeared in the University of Virginia News Letter, Vol. III, No. 4 on October 23,1920. It describes the new department of Citizenship Education under the Bureau of Extension of the University of Virginia, the first of its kind in the United States. This article also discusses the two-day Schools sponsored in Roanoke and Leesburg, and a related program in Richmond. The department of Citizenship Education was the first of its kind in the United States, and was active in educating newly enfranchised women on the processes and responsibilities of Citizenship. "Every school of learning,...if it is functioning properly, has for its fundamental aim, training for Citizenship...[Herbert]Spencer defined education as a preparation for complete living or a preparation for Citizenship, and defined a good citizen as one who know how to live."
creator: Snavely, T. R. and Smithey, W. R., editors
source: M 9 Box 98, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
publisher: University of Virginia
date: 1920 October 23
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: This item is in the public domain. Acknowledgement of the Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.
relation: Learn more: "Virginia Women May Control Election," The Woman Citizen, October 30, 1920

Citizenship Institute
description: This Citizenship Institute flyer was published by the Department of Citizenship Education, Bureau of Extension, University of Virginia. The Citizenship Institute was run by Miss Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon, Director of the Department of Citizenship Education.
creator: University of Virginia. Bureau of Extension. Department of Citizenship Education.
source: M 9 Box 98, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
publisher: Department of Citizenship Education, Bureau of Extension, University of Virginia
date: 1920
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: This item is in the public domain. Acknowledgement of the Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.
relation: Learn more: "Virginia Women May Control Election," The Woman Citizen, October 30, 1920 Americanization, Social Welfare History Project

City Home, Richmond, VA
description: City Home, an almshouse located at 210 Hospital Street, Richmond, VA. Shown here circa 1960. Richmond’s Committee for the Relief of the Poor managed white and black almshouses, a soup kitchen, a hospital and other health and social services. Construction of a new white almshouse on Hospital Street finished in 1860. During the Civil War, the building served as a Confederate hospital. Afterwards, it was briefly a home for the Virginia Military Institute and then resumed its original purpose. By the early 20th century, this almshouse was called the City Home. In 1959, the City Home became the Richmond Nursing Home, which operated until 1972. Today, the complex has been repurposed as low income apartments for seniors.
creator: Dulaney
source: The Valentine
date: c. 1960
contributor: The Valentine
rights: The copyright and related rights status of this Item has not been evaluated. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/
relation: Learn more: Committee on Relief of the Poor, Richmond VA, Social Welfare History Image Portal Richmond Comes Together: Images of Community Outreach, The Valentine

Classroom Desegregation Will Never Work [broadside]
description: This broadside asserts “there is a basic, inherent mental difference between the races,” citing IQ tests and a booklet by Henry E. Garrett, How Classroom Desegregation Will Work (1966). Henry Garrett was at the forefront of a resurgence of racial pseudoscience in the mid-twentieth century. He argued for segregation in Davis v. County School Board (one of the cases in Brown v. Board), compiled a pamphlet of his essays for the white supremacist Citizens’ Council, and his views were used to forward the work of other eugenicists. Excerpts: That is why Classroom Desegregation will never work: There is a basic, inherent mental difference between the races. If you mix the classrooms and gear the standards to Negroes, you deny White children their optimum chance. If you gear the standards to White mentality, you develop frustrations on the part of Negroes, with subsequent antagonisms, drop-outs, and "delinquencies...." Race differences, as an issue, is the overriding problem of our time. These differences are something too few of us know about. Now is the time to learn, before it is too late. If you know what you are talking about, you can help defeat Black Power. Only the truth will keep us free.
creator: unknown
source: General collection, Call Number LC214.2 .C614 196-?, Library of the Virginia Museum of History and Culture, Virginia Historical Society
publisher: The Patrick Henry Press, Richmond, Virginia
date: 1960s
contributor: Virginia Museum of History and Culture, Virginia Historical Society
rights: NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/ Acknowledgement of the Virginia Historical Society as a source is requested.
relation: Learn more: Door, Gregory Michael (2008). Segregation’s Science: Eugenics and Society in Virginia Shuey, Audrey M. (1966). The Testing of Negro Intelligence, second edition. Campbell, A. W. (2018). Influence and Controversy. The Races of Mankind and The Brotherhood of Man. Social Welfare History Project.

Closed Schools Constitute Catastrophe!!! [1963 Farmville, Va. protests]
description: Demonstration in front of Prince Edward County Courthouse, Main Street, Farmville, Va., July 1963, protesting the four-year long closure of the public schools Clara Gibson is closest to camera. Third person in line is Sandra "Sandy" Stokes. Second protester carries sign reading, "Ask Mr. Vaughn Why The Schools Are Closed. He will 'Him' and 'Haw' and Decline to Disclose!" From VCU Libraries Freedom Now Project
source: Farmville 1963 Civil Rights Protests, VCU Libraries Digital Collections
date: 1963 July
contributor: Digital Collections, VCU Libraries
rights: This item is in the public domain. Acknowledgement of the Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.
relation: Learn more:VCU Libraries Freedom Now Project Massive Resistance, Encyclopedia Virginia Program of Action: The Rev. L. Francis Griffin and the Struggle for Racial Equality in Farmville, 1963, VCU Libraries Scholars Compass.

Co-Operative Education Association of Virginia
description: Promotional pamphlet for the work of the Cooperative Education Association of Virginia. Includes reprints of commendations from Wesmoreland Davis, Governor of the Commonwealth of Virginia; Franklin K. Lane, Secretary of the Interior; E.C. Lindeman, Field Secretary, American Country Life Association; and W.S. Learned, The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. Quotation from pamphlet: Purposes Community Leagues Work for Better Schools Better Health Better Roads Better Farms Better Churches and Sunday Schools Better Recreation Better Care of Poor and Delinquent Better Homes Beauty and Cleanliness in the Home Town Better Community Leadership
source: M 9 Box 98 Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
publisher: Cooperative Education Association of Virginia
date: 1921
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: This item is in the public domain. Acknowledgement of the Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.

Code of Wartime Practices for American Broadcasters
description: This pamphlet is a revision of the first Code of Wartime Practices for American Broadcasters issues five months previously. It contains guidelines for voluntary censorship related to "News" and "Programs." Because of the international character of radio broadcast, certain types of information was to be kept off air, including weather; troop locations, strength and movements; damage by enemy attacks; naval or air force information; fortifications; rumors or unconfirmed reports; diplomatic information; and information regarding the new location of art objects or national archives. Telephone calls were not to be aired as they could not be vetted; likewise prohibited were quiz shows and other programs where the enemy might usurp the microphone or an audience member might inadvertantly share information that could aid the enemy. Pamphlet is signed "The Office of Censorship, Byron Price. Director. June 15, 1942" Excerpts: p.2 "...it is the responsibility of every American to help prevent the dissemination of information which will be of value to the enemy and inimical to the war effort.... To combat these dangers effectively, broadcast management must be in complete control of all programming every minute of every day of operation. That accomplished, the broadcasting industry will have fulfilled an important wartime obligation." p. 8 "Radio is requested to avoid dramatic programs which attempt to portray the horrors of war, and sound effects which might be mistaken for air raid alarms, or for any other defense alarms." "Broadcasters should ask themselves, 'Is this information of value to the enemy?' If the answer is 'Yes,' they should not use it."
creator: U. S. Government Office of Censorship
source: M 172, Box 5, Radio Speech Material 1937-46, Calvin T. Lucy Papers 1914 - 1978, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
publisher: United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.
date: 1942 June 15
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/
relation: Annotate a PDF of this document with hypothes.is

Cold, hungry strikers, Passaic, New Jersey, 1926
description: Passaic strikers men, women, and children take a break from the cold to get a beverage. This event took place during the Passaic Textile Strike, 1926. Dated March 4, 1926.
source: American Labor Museum / Botto House National Landmark Persistent URL: https://doi.org/doi:10.7282/T37M09GG
date: 1926 March 4
rights: The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/
relation: Learn more: Passaic Textile Strike, 1926, Social Welfare History Project Passaic Textile Strike (1926) - film, Social Welfare History Project Labor, Social Welfare History Image Portal

Come and Hear Southern Speakers Answer the Anti-Suffrage Arguments of Miss Lucy Price [broadside]
description: Broadside advertising Southern Speakers answering the anti-suffrage arguments of Miss Lucy Price of Ohio. Price was a well-known opponent of woman suffrage who argued "We know that we are the equals of men but we also feel that we have a work of our own that is just as important as that of men." (Cornell Daily Sun, 1915 February 12) Text: Come and hear Southern Speakers Answer the Anti-Suffrage Arguments of Miss Lucy Price of Ohio at the Suffrage Hearing Before the Joint Committees of the Senate and House in the Hall of the House of Delegates Monday, January 31st, at 4 O'clock." [Time is struck through and corrected to 3:30 O'clock.]
source: M 9 Box 233, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
date: 1915
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries
rights: NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/ Acknowledgment of Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.
relation: Learn more: "Noted Anti-Suffragist to Speak Here Tonight. Miss Lucy Price Will Present Arguments Against Giving Ballot to Women." The Cornell Daily Sun, vol. 35, no. 101 (1915 February 12). Cornell University Library "Think Women Better Off Without Right to Vote" The Day (1913 February 21), p.11

Committee on Relief of the Poor, Richmond VA, 1902
description: Richmond’s Committee for the Relief of the Poor managed white and black almshouses, a soup kitchen, a hospital and other health and social services. Construction of a new white almshouse on Hospital Street finished in 1860. During the Civil War, the building served as a Confederate hospital. Afterwards, it was briefly a home for the Virginia Military Institute and then resumed its original purpose. By the early 20th century, this almshouse was called the City Home. In 1959, the City Home became the Richmond Nursing Home, which operated until 1972. Today, the complex has been repurposed as low income apartments for seniors.
creator: Foster, photographer
source: The Valentine (Gift of Miss Emily S. Thomason)
date: 1902
contributor: The Valentine
rights: The copyright and related rights status of this Item has not been evaluated. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/
relation: Learn more: City Home, Richmond, VA, Social Welfare History Image Portal Richmond Comes Together: Images of Community Outreach, The Valentine

Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage, Suffrage Procession, Saturday, May 9, 1914 [handbill]
description: Handbill advertising the Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage procession, May 9, 1914. The women were demanding a United States Constitutional Amendment Enfranchising Women. The march gathered at the Belasco Theatre and processed to the Capitol in Washington, D.C. Nation-wide demonstrations were held on May 2, 1914 in support of Amendment. Envoys from these demonstrations brought petitions to Washington on May 9th and carried them in procession to Congress from Lafayette Square. Five thousand women massed on and about the East Steps of the Capitol singing "The March of the Women" composed by Ethel Smyth in 1910, to words by Cicely Hamilton.
source: M 9 Box 49, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
date: 1914
rights: NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/ Acknowledgement of the Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.
relation: Learn more: Nation-wide demonstrations were held on May 2nd in support of Federal Amendment. Envoys from these demonstrations brought petitions to Washington on May 9th and carried them in procession to Congress from Lafayette Square. Five thousand women massed on and about the East Steps of the Capitol singing (photograph). Library of Congress Shoulder to Shoulder [The March of the Women], Social Welfare History Image Portal Utah Woman Suffrage Song Book, Internet Archive Suffrage Song Book, Kansas Historical Society Votes for Women. Suffrage Rallying Song, Social Welfare History Image Portal

Constitution and By-Laws for Community Leagues
description: Pamphlet explaining how to organize a Community League as a branch of the Cooperative Education Association of Virginia. Includes instruction and tip for conducting an initial organizational meeting, and the Associations Constitution and By-Laws. From p.4 "Not only school patrons, but all residents of the community should be urged to attend this initial meeting. There should be songs and recitations by pupils, and the services of some local speaker and leader should be secured for an address.... OUR MOTTO: Every public school in Virginia a community center where the citizens may unite for the improvement of their educational, social, moral, physical, civic and economic interests." Note: Mary Cooke-Branch Bunford was president of the Cooperative Education Association from 1910 to 1925.
creator: Co-operative Education Association of Virginia
source: M 9 Box 98, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/

Constitutionality of the Voting Rights Act of 1965; a response to the Attorney General of the United States...
description: This booklet was distributed by the Virginia Commission on Constitutional Government (VCCG) in opposition to the Voting Rights Act of 1965. The Commission began in 1958 and existed until the late 1960s. Led by David J. Mays, a prominent lawyer and advisor to Virginia’s commission on the response to the Brown v. Board of Education decision, it advocated nationally for states’ rights and conservatism, and eventually distributed over 2 million published pamphlets, brochures and speeches. The Constitutionality of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 argues against the Voting Rights Act. Robert Y. Button (Virginia’s Attorney General at the time) made a typical VCCG argument in stating that the Act “attempted to erode the basic concepts of constitutional government in which the individual States are acknowledged to be sovereign” and is “patently unconstitutional.” Excerpts: pp. 8-9 "the Supreme Court of the United States has repeatedly declared that a State is free to conduct its elections and limit its electorate as it may deem wise, except as its actions may be affected by the prohibitions of the Federal Constitution, and that the power of Congress to legistlate at all the subject of racial discrimination in voting rests upon the Fifteenth Amendment and extends only to the prevention by appropriate legistlation of the discriminatiion forbidden by that Amendment..." p. 14 "I do believe, however, -- as Mr. Justice Harlan made clear...that the Framers of the Constitution: 'staked their faith that liberty would proper in the new Nation not primarily upon declarations of individual rights but upon the kind of government the Union was to have. And they determined that in a government of divided powers lay the best promise for realizing the free society it was their object to achieve.' (Italics supplied [by Button]. One aspect of this governmental edifice which the Framers sought to erect, and which H. R. 6400 would manifestly subvert, was the distribution of power between the Nation…
creator: Button, Robert Y.
source: General collection, Call Number JK1861.V82 B8, Library of the Virginia Museum of History and Culture, Virginia Historical Society
publisher: Virginia Commission on Constitutional Government
date: 1965
contributor: Virginia Museum of History and Culture, Virginia Historical Society
rights: NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/ Acknowledgement of the Virginia Historical Society as a source is requested.
relation: Learn more: Controlling the Vote -- Rights. Registration. Representation. Social Welfare History Image Portal Voting Rights Act of 1965. An Introduction. Social Welfare History Project Hayter, J. M. (2017). The dream is lost. Voting rights and the politics of race in Richmond, Virginia. Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky Moeser, J. V. & Dennis, R. M. (2020). The politics of annexation. Oligarchic power in a southern city. Open Access Edition. Digital publisher: VCU Libraries. Original (1982) edition Cambridge, MA: Schenkman Publishing Company Hershman, J. H. Jr. Massive Resistance. (2011, June 29). Encyclopedia Virginia

Consumer Comix
description: This educational comic book was a project of the Wisconsin Department of Justice, funded by the Office of Economic Opportunity, Washington, D.C. The book was distributed to high school seniors in Wisconsin. Consumer Comix artwork was created by Denis Kitchen, Peter Poplaski and Peter Loft. Wraparound cover art is by Kitchen and Loft. From inside front cover: "An introduction. This isn't an ordinary comic book. This is an educational comic book. (which doesn't make it any less entertaining.) The purpose of this book is to expose the tactics that some devious businessment use to rip-off unsuspecting consumers...." "Don't let yourself be a victim. Be an educated consumer. Stand up for your rights."
creator: Loft, Peter. Poplaski, Peter Kitchen, Denis (editor)
source: Comic Arts Collection, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
date: 1975
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU LibrariesSpecial Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
relation: Learn more: Consumer Comix, Steve Krupp's Curio Shoppe Schreiner, D. (1994). Kitchen Sink Press: The First 25 Years. Northampton, MA: Kitchen Sink Enterprises. Comics on a Mission: Educational and Public Service Comics, Social Welfare History Image Portal

Conventions Which Protect
description: This poster was part of "Youth and Life" a 48-poster series published by the American Social Hygiene Association. The series was designed to educate teenage girls and young women about the dangers of sexual promiscuity and urged them to embrace moral and physical fitness. It was adapted in 1922 by the American Social Hygiene Association from "Keeping Fit", a similar series for boys and young men. In A Strange City For suitable place to stay and for other information ask the "Traveler's Aid" woman, the station matron, or a police man or woman.
source: American Social Health Association Records 1905-1990, Social Welfare History Archives, University of Minnesota Libraries
date: 1922
contributor: Social Welfare History Archives, University of Minnesota Libraries
rights: Use of this image may be governed by U.S. and international copyright laws. Please contact the University of Minnesota Libraries, Social Welfare History Archives for permission to publish this image. http://www.lib.umn.edu/swha/

Countdown on Excellence
description: Public service comic published as a part of the National Social Welfare Assembly Comics Project. The Comics Project lasted from August 1949 - July 1967 and produced over 200 pages promoting citizenship and social values. Publisher's Note: "Published as a public service in cooperation with The National Social Welfare Assembly, coordinating organization for national health, welfare and recreation agencies of the U.S." A father talks to his son Jerry about his failure to do a good job cleaning up the garage. Jerry says, "Aw, Dad, What's the difference? It's not very important." His father replies, "Hmm...With that kind of attitude, you'll get into sloppy work havits. If everyone felt that way about his job, what do you think would happen?" The father goes on to give examples of people we count on to do their jobs: a plumber, switchboard operator, garage mechanic, and finally "a man who works on a space capsule." Jerry concludes, "I get it Dad...Every job, whether it's big or small, is important enough to do right!"
creator: Schiff, Jack
source: Blackhawk No. 184, May 1963, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
date: 1963 May
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
relation: Learn more: National Social Welfare Assembly Comics Project, Social Welfare History Project National Social Welfare Assembly, Social Welfare History Project Comics on a Mission: Educational and Public Service Comics, Social Welfare History Image Portal

Danger: Prejudice at Work!
description: Comic description: Pete and some of his neighborhood friends are about to play a game of baseball when one of his white friends, Luis shows that he is prejudice toward Pete's new Hispanic neighbors. However, when Luis sees how good the new neighbors are at playing baseball, he no longer questions playing with them. The comic ends with an adult saying "When new folks, kids or grown-ups move into your neighborhood, give them a chance--to be friends and good neighbors!" [Image description: Superboy punches a huge bolder sending chunks of splintered rocks flying through the air. Superboy says: "Am I using my super-strength correctly, teacher?" Behind him stands a green and red robot teacher who says : "Perhaps! But remember, if you fail ONE of my super-tests, you must give up your Superboy career!"] Public service comic published as a part of the National Social Welfare Assembly Comics Project. The Comics Project lasted from August 1949 - July 1967 and produced over 200 pages promoting citizenship and social values. Publisher's Note: "Published as a public service in cooperation with The National Social Welfare Assembly, coordinating organization for national health, welfare and recreation agencies of the U.S."
creator: Script: Jack Schiff Pencils: Ruben Moreira Inks: Ruben Moreira Letters: Ira Schnapp
source: Adventure Comics: Superboy no.240 SEP 1957 James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
publisher: DC Comics
date: 1957 September
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
relation: Learn more: National Social Welfare Assembly Comics Project, Social Welfare History Project National Social Welfare Assembly, Social Welfare History Project Comics on a Mission: Educational and Public Service Comics, Social Welfare History Image Portal

Dare to Do Right! Temperance mass meeting handbill
description: Handbill advertising a Grand Temperance Mass Meeting held in Illinois (likely Dixon, IL) on Thursday Evening October 25, 1866. "Addresses by Rev. G.R.Vanhorne, Rev. S.S. Waltz and Prof. Ferris. A large delegation from the Red Ribbon Club of Amboy will be present. Mrs. Mingle, W.O.Newton, B. Howard and others, Music by the M.E. Choir, and Dixon Light Guard Band. All are cordially invited. PER ORDER OF COMMITTEE."
source: M 4, Box 1, folder 1, Thompson Collection of Lincolniana 1803-1965, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
date: 1866 October 25
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: This item is in the public domain. Acknowledgement of the Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.
relation: Learn more: Temperance Movement, Social Welfare History Project

December Bulletin. Americanization As War Service. National American Woman Suffrage Association
description: Publication of the Americanization Committee of the NAWSA. Grace H. Bagley (Mrs. Frederick P. Bagley), Chairman. Excerpts: p. 1 "SPEAKING ENGLISH IS THE FIRST STEP IN AMERICAN CITIZENSHIP AND THEREFORE THE PUBLIC SCHOOL IS THE NATION-WIDE MEDIUM FOR THE MAKING OF LOYAL AMERICAN CITIZENS OUT OF OUR ALIEN POPULATION." p.2 "PROVIDE FOR THE AMERICANIZATION OF THE IMMIGRANT WOMAN. Can the Americanization of our foreign population succeed without the cooperation of the mother? Past failure is due largely to the fact that no intelligent effort has been made to face the situation of the immigrant woman, who either has an infant in her arms or is expecting a baby..." "PATRIOTIC MEETINGS should be organized and conducted by suffragists in every foreign quarter in the United States. Music stereoptican picutres and speeches in foreign languages should be among the attractions. Learn the art of making these patriotic meetings so attractive that the crowds will have to be shut out instead of coaxed in." p. 2-3 "AMERICANIZATION AND INDUSTRY. LABOR IS THE KEY TO SUCCESS in the war. We must not only feed, clothe and arm our own soldiers, sailors and civilians; we must also assist our allies. The task would be impossible without our foreign population."
creator: Americanization Committee. National American Woman Suffrage Association.
source: M 9 Box 48, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
date: 1917 December
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: This item is in the public domain. Acknowledgement of the Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.
relation: Learn more: Americanization, Social Welfare History Project

Dennis the Menace Takes a Poke at Poison
description: This giveaway comic book seeks to educate children and their parents about the poisonous nature of many items commonly found in the home. It urges parents to "Poison Proof Your Home." A publication created by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Food and Drug Administration. HHS Publication No. (FDA) 81-7005. Text on back cover: "Most products are made to look attractive so people will buy them--even products that can be poisonous. But things made attractive for consumers are also attractive to children. Many poisonings that occur involve children who are too youg and innocent to 'know better.' Children often can't recognize danger signals such as label warnings, strange odors, or peculiar tastes. Actually many poisonous things are attractive to children because the taste or smell GOOD, such as lemon scented furniture polish."
source: Comic Arts Collection, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
date: 1981
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
relation: Learn more: Comics on a Mission: Educational and Public Service Comics, Social Welfare History Image Portal