The Negro Vote in the South. A Southern Woman's Viewpoint [suffrage flyer]
NWSA flyer containing an essay by Mrs. Guilford Dudley of Nashville, TN. Mrs. Dudley addresses the fear among white Southern Congressmen that if all women are given the vote through a Federal Suffrage Amendment, the increase in black voting power will be detrimental to the nation. Dudley notes the success of "educational tests" that limit black voter registration. <br /><br />For similar arguments with regard to compulsory education, see "<a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/show/331" target="_blank" title="Need of Compulsory Education in the South" rel="noreferrer noopener">Need of Compulsory Education in the South</a>."
<a href="https://www.loc.gov/resource/cph.3c13715/" title="Photograph from Library of Congress" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Dudley, Mrs. Guilford</a>
<span>M 9 Box 49, </span><a href="http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/vcu/repositories/5/resources/279.oai_ead.xml" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978</a>, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
National Woman Suffrage Publishing Co., Inc., New York.
1918
Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
This item is in the public domain. Acknowledgement of the Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.
Learn more: <br /><a href="http://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/woman-suffrage/woman-suffrage-movement/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Women's Suffrage: The Movement</a>, Social Welfare History Project<br /><a href="http://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/issues/suffrage-south-poll-tax/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Suffrage in the South: The Poll Tax</a>, Social Welfare History Project<br /><a href="http://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/issues/suffrage-south-part-ii-one-party-system/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Suffrage in the South Part II: The One Party System</a>, Social Welfare History Project<br /><br /><span>Annotate a </span><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/52dab9cbc57c3a07c703f7389b47ae0a.pdf" target="_blank" title="PDF of this image which can be annotated" rel="noreferrer noopener">PDF of this image</a><span> with </span><a href="https://web.hypothes.is/" target="_blank" title="What is Hypothes.is?" rel="noreferrer noopener">hypothes.is</a>
Letter from John M. Brooks, NAACP Registration Director to voter registration activists, Mississippi, July 7, 1958
Letter of encouragement from John M. Brooks, NAACP Registration Director following a meeting he attended in Mississippi. <br /><br />Text -- <br />Dear Friend: <br /><br />My meeting with you in Mississippi was an inspiration to me. It proved my belief that, "if people are given a clear picture of the voting situation, they will cooperate". <br /><br />The people in Meridian and Jackson are well on their way toward increasing their voting strength and becoming first-class citizens. Your future activities will tell what Y O U are going to do in your city. Talk to your neighbors and invite them to join your group. A large attendance will be an inspiration to all concerned. <br /><br />It is my sincere hope that your organization will be a guiding light for other communities all over Mississippi to follow. IT CAN BE DONE would be the wrong words to us, IT WILL BE DONE because of Y O U.<br /><br />Sincerely yours, <br />John M. Brooks<br />NAACP Registration Director
Brooks, John M.
M 296, Box 2, <a href="http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/vcu/repositories/5/resources/577.oai_ead.xml" target="_blank" title="finding aid" rel="noreferrer noopener">John Mitchell Brooks Collection of NAACP Files 1957-1978</a>, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
1958 July 7
Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
COPYRIGHT UNDETERMINED<br /><br />The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. <br /><br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/</a>
Learn more: <br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=Voting" target="_blank" title="items related to voting; see also "voting rights"" rel="noreferrer noopener">Voting</a>, Social Welfare History Image Portal
Letter from John M. Brooks to Medgar W. Evers, May 20, 1958 [carbon copy]
Carbon copy of letter from John M. Brooks, Director of Voter Registration, Virginia NAACP to Medgar W. Evers, Field Secretary, Mississippi NAACP. Sent 20 May 1958 in response to Evers' letter of 15 May 1958. <br /><br />Text: <br /><br />Mr. Medgar W. Evers <br />1072 Lynch Street <br />Jackson, Mississippi <br /><br />Dear Medgar: <br /><br />Your letter was a real pick up for me...keep up the good work. I am sending a letter of congratulations to the Meridian group from this office. <br /><br />I hope your Jackson meeting will be as good as the one in Meridian. Don't fail to call on me for any help needed. <br /><br />Sincerely yours,<br />John M. Brooks <br />NAACP Registration Director<br /><br />JMB/eww
Brooks, John M.
M 296, Box 2, <a href="http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/vcu/repositories/5/resources/577.oai_ead.xml" target="_blank" title="finding aid" rel="noreferrer noopener">John Mitchell Brooks Collection of NAACP Files 1957-1978</a>, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
20 May 1958
Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
COPYRIGHT UNDETERMINED<br /><br />The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. <br /><br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/</a>
Learn more: <br /><a href="https://snccdigital.org/people/medgar-evers/" target="_blank" title="Medgar Evers" rel="noreferrer noopener">Medgar Evers</a>, SNCC Digital Gateway
Constitutionality of the Voting Rights Act of 1965; a response to the Attorney General of the United States...
This booklet was distributed by the Virginia Commission on Constitutional Government (VCCG) in opposition to the Voting Rights Act of 1965. The Commission began in 1958 and existed until the late 1960s. <br /><br />Led by David J. Mays, a prominent lawyer and advisor to Virginia’s commission on the response to the <em>Brown v. Board of Education</em> decision, it advocated nationally for states’ rights and conservatism, and eventually distributed over 2 million published pamphlets, brochures and speeches. <em>The Constitutionality of the Voting Rights Act of 1965</em> argues against the Voting Rights Act. Robert Y. Button (Virginia’s Attorney General at the time) made a typical VCCG argument in stating that the Act “attempted to erode the basic concepts of constitutional government in which the individual States are acknowledged to be sovereign” and is “patently unconstitutional.” <br /><br />Excerpts: <br /><br />pp. 8-9 "the Supreme Court of the United States has repeatedly declared that a State is free to conduct its elections and limit its electorate as it may deem wise, except as its actions may be affected by the prohibitions of the Federal Constitution, and that the power of Congress to legistlate at all the subject of racial discrimination in voting rests upon the Fifteenth Amendment and extends only to the prevention by appropriate legistlation of the discriminatiion forbidden by that Amendment..."<br /><br />p. 14 "I do believe, however, -- as Mr. Justice Harlan made clear...that the Framers of the Constitution:<br /><br />'staked their faith that liberty would proper in the new Nation not primarily upon declarations of individual rights <em>but upon the kind of government the Union was to have. </em>And they determined that in <em>a government of divided powers</em> lay the best promise for realizing the free society it was their object to achieve.' (Italics supplied [by Button]. <br /><br />One aspect of this governmental edifice which the Framers sought to erect, and which H. R. 6400 would manifestly subvert, was the distribution of power between the Nation and the States, each supreme within its sphere, thus forming an indestructible Union of indestructible States." <br /><br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=Virginia+Commission+on+Constitutional+Government" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Other publications by the VCCG">Other VCCG publications</a> in the Image Portal
Button, Robert Y.
<a href="http://librarycatalog.virginiahistory.org/final/Portal/Default.aspx?component=AAAAIY&amp;record=76257a97-9be4-4971-b1b5-351eec5dcce9" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Search for this item in the Library Catalog">General collection, Call Number JK1861.V82 B8</a>, Library of the Virginia Museum of History and Culture, Virginia Historical Society
Virginia Commission on Constitutional Government
1965
Virginia Museum of History and Culture, Virginia Historical Society
NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES <br /><br />The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. <br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/</a><br /><br />Acknowledgement of the Virginia Historical Society as a source is requested.
Learn more: <br /><br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/exhibits/show/controlling-the-vote/gallery" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Discovery Set: Controlling the Vote">Controlling the Vote -- Rights. Registration. Representation.</a> Social Welfare History Image Portal<br /><a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/uncategorized/voting-rights-act-of-1965/" target="_blank" title="Introduction to the Voting Rights Act" rel="noreferrer noopener">Voting Rights Act of 1965. An Introduction</a>. <em>Social Welfare History Project </em> <br /><br />Hayter, J. M. (2017). <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1p0vjw7" target="_blank" title="The Dream is lost." rel="noreferrer noopener"><em>The dream is lost. Voting rights and the politics of race in Richmond, Virginia</em>.</a> Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky <br /><br />Moeser, J. V. & Dennis, R. M. (2020). <a href="https://doi.org/10.21974/02y5-eq41" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Open Access edition 2020"><em>The politics of annexation. Oligarchic power in a southern city.</em></a> Open Access Edition. Digital publisher: VCU Libraries. Original (1982) edition Cambridge, MA: Schenkman Publishing Company <br /><br />Hershman, J. H. Jr. <a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Massive_Resistance" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Massive Resistance">Massive Resistance</a>. (2011, June 29). <em>Encyclopedia Virginia</em>
In Defense of Prince Edward County of Virginia. Speech of Hon. Harry Flood Byrd of Virginia in the Senate of the United States, Wednesday, May 17, 1961
Reprint of Senator Harry F. Byrd's speech as recorded in the United States of America, Congressional Record, Proceedings and Debates of the 87th Congress, First Session.
Byrd, Harry Flood
M 172 Box 1, f2, <a href="http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/vcu/repositories/5/resources/384.oai_ead.xml" target="_blank" title="Calvin T. Lucy Papers, 1914 - 1978" rel="noreferrer noopener">Calvin T. Lucy Papers, 1914 - 1978</a>. James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
1961 May 17
Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
<span>The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. </span><br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/</a>
Learn more:<br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/search?query=farmville&query_type=keyword&record_types%5B%5D=Item&record_types%5B%5D=File&record_types%5B%5D=Collection&submit_search=Search" target="_blank" title="Images from Farmville, Va., 1963" rel="noreferrer noopener">Farmville</a>, Social Welfare History Image Portal<br /><em><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/show/285" target="_blank" title="Newsletter" rel="noreferrer noopener">Defenders' News and Views</a></em>, Social Welfare History Image Portal<br /><a href="https://www.library.vcu.edu/about/special-collections/exhibits/freedom-now/" target="_blank" title="Protests, Farmville, Va. 1963" rel="noreferrer noopener">Freedom Now Project</a>, VCU Libraries <br /><a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Massive_Resistance" target="_blank" title=""Massive Resistance" by James H. Hershman, Jr." rel="noreferrer noopener">Massive Resistance</a>, Encyclopedia Virginia<br />Farmville, <a href="http://archives.qc.cuny.edu/civilrights/search?query=farmville&query_type=keyword&record_types%5B%5D=Item&record_types%5B%5D=File&record_types%5B%5D=Collection&record_types%5B%5D=Exhibit&record_types%5B%5D=ExhibitPage&record_types%5B%5D=SimplePagesPage" target="_blank" title="Queens College Civil Rights Archives" rel="noreferrer noopener">Queens College Civil Rights Archives</a>
Letter to H. D. Dillard from Martin L. Calhoun, Alabama Male Association Opposed to Woman's Suffrage [typed letter, signed]
Letter from Martin L. Calhoun, Secretary Treasurer of the Alabama Male Association Opposed to Woman's Suffrage dated 15 August 1919. <br /><br />The letter was sent to the Hon. H. D. Dillard (of Franklin County, Va.), General Assembly, Richmond, Va. <br /><br />Calhoun is opposed to the Fifteenth Amendment (which prohibits the federal government and each state from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's "race, color, or previous condition of servitude") and the ratification of the proposed "Anthony Amendment" (which would become the Nineteenth Amendment). The letter associates woman suffrage, African American suffrage, and socialism. <br /><br /><br />The organization's platform is printed on this letterhead near the top of the page. <br /><br />"Platform:--The Alabama Male Association Opposed to Woman's Suffrage--<br />Stands for HOME and NATIONAL DEFENSE aggainst Woman's Suffrage, Feminismand Socialism. For MAN-POWER in Government, believing that Democracy must be STRONG to be SAFE. For the PRESERVATION of the established foundations of the American Republic as a Model for the World. For the RECOGNITION and ENFORCEMENT of the INHERENT RIGHT of EACH STATE to control the question of Woman's Suffrage for ITSELF. For EFFICIENCY and PROGRESS without Waste and Duplication in Government. For the CONSERVATION of the BEST WOMANHOOD of all conditions and stations in life, along NON-PARTISAN lines, so that the interests of Womanhood, Childhood and Civilization may be advanced FREE from the strife and division of politics, factions and parties. For the retention of the BEST IDEALS of the past, adapted to the advantages and opportunities given women under modern conditions, so that the FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES of Morality, of Patriotism and of World Progress may be more firmly established in the present and future generations."<br /><br />Excerpt of letter text:<br />"Susan B. Anthony was instrumental in securing the Fifteenth Article to the Federal Constitution, the adoption of which has always stood as a blot on the escutchen of our Country. Her purpose and intent was to further humiliate and oppress the then down trodden South. This in itself should condemn her namesake in the heart of every true Southerner. <br /><br />We are calling upon all the Southern States to REJECT [handwritten in margin "(it now)"] her namesake and if we can get the twelve Southern States to the two which have rejected - Georgia and Alabama - we can bury Old Susan where she belongs. <br /><br />If we, of the South, surrender our control of suffrage to the Federal Government we should not complain of the Fifteenth Amendment or what may follow under the adoption of the Anthony Amendment, for we would be traitors to that grand martyr of your State- Robert E. Lee and we are not worthy of our sires."
Calhoun, Martin L.
M 9 Box 51, <a href="http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/vcu/repositories/5/resources/279.oai_ead.xml" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978</a>, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
1919 August 15
Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
NO KNOWN COPYRIGHT <br /><br />The organization that has made the Item available reasonably believes that the Item is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. <br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/</a><br /><br />Acknowledgement of the Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.
Learn more: <br /><a href="https://www.docsteach.org/documents/document/alabama-opposition-suffrage" target="_blank" title="Letter from the Alabama Male Association Opposed to Woman's Suffrage" rel="noreferrer noopener">Letter from the Alabama Male Association Opposed to Woman's Suffrage</a>, DocsTeach, National Archives
The Leader of the Mob: "Lynch Her! Lynch Her!" [editorial cartoon by Oscar Cesare]
Editorial cartoon by Oscar Cesare originally published in the New York <em>Sun.</em> Republished here in <em>Cartoons Magazine, </em>vol. 3, no. 1 (January 1913), p. 15. <br /><br />Coleman Livingston Blease was governor of South Carolina from 1911 - 1915. He was notorious for being pro-lynching and against education for African Americans. Blease was a protégé of white supremacist Benjamin Ryan Tillman.<br /><br />A figure of Blind Justice stands alone as Governor Blease of South Carolina leads an angry mob to attack her. The mob carries pitchforks, sticks, and stones. Blease holds a rope as he looks back to urge them on. <br />Caption: "The Leader of the Mob: 'Lynch Her! Lynch Her!'"
Cesare, Oscar Edward
<a href="https://vcu-alma-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=VCU_ALMA21361748570001101&context=L&vid=VCUL&search_scope=all_scope&tab=all&lang=en_US" target="_blank" title="Cartoons Magazine" rel="noreferrer noopener"><em>Cartoons Magazine</em></a><span>, vol. 3, no. 1 (January 1913), p. 15. Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries</span>
1913 January
Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. <br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/</a>
Learn more: <br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=lynching" target="_blank" title="materials related to lynching and anti-lynching efforts" rel="noreferrer noopener">Lynching</a>, Social Welfare History Image Portal <br /><br /><a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/eras/civil-war-reconstruction/jim-crow-laws-andracial-segregation/" target="_blank" title="Jim Crow Laws and Racial Segregation" rel="noreferrer noopener">Jim Crow Laws and Racial Segregation</a>, Social Welfare History Project <br /><br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=cartoon">Editorial cartoons</a>, Social Welfare History Image Portal <br /><br /><span>Stanley-Becker, I. (2019) <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2019/06/27/julian-castro-beto-orourke-section-immigration-illegal-coleman-livingstone-blease/?utm_term=.8bfe1118a0af" target="_blank" title="Section 1325, Title 8 of U.S. Code and Coleman Blease" rel="noreferrer noopener">Who’s behind the law making immigration a crime? This ‘unrepentant white supremacist.'</a> <em>The Washington Post</em> (June 27, 2019).</span><br /><br />Annotate a <a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/8a8ae9157aec5c64f7b1f315f0241180.pdf" target="_blank" title="PDF of this image" rel="noreferrer noopener">PDF of this image</a> using <a href="https://web.hypothes.is/" target="_blank" title="Get started with hypothes.is web annotation" rel="noreferrer noopener">hypothes.is</a>
Southern White Women on Lynching and Mob Violence [pamphlet]
<p>From front cover: "Excerpts from pronouncements of different Woman's State Committees on Race Relations"<br /><br />Statements from Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia; followed by Resolutions from the Woman's General Committee, Commission on Interracial Co-operation. <br /><br />From back cover: "Organizations of Women Co-operating with The Commission on Interracial Co-operation <br />Presbyterian Church (South) <br />Episcopal Church (National) <br />Methodist Episcopal Church <br />Methodist Episcopal Church (South) <br />Baptist Church (South) <br />Disciples Church (National) <br />Congregational Church (National) <br />Y. W. C. A. (National) <br />Woman's Clubs (By States) <br />National Federation Colored Woman's Clubs" <br /><br /><br />From pp. 3 - 4 (Georgia)<br />"We have a deep sense of appreciation for the chivalry of men who would give their lives for the purity and safety of the women of their own race, yet we feel constrained to declare our convictions concerning the methods sometimes employed in this supposed protection...we believe that 'no falser appeal can be made to Southern manhood than that mob-violence is necessary for the protection of womanhood,' or that the brutal practice of lyching and burning of human beings is an expression of chivalry. We believe that these methods are 'no protection to anything or anybody but that they jeopardize every right and every security that we possess." <br /><br />p.5 (Oklahoma) <br />"We believe that the government should protect all citizens, regardless of class or color, and that life and property should be held sacred. <br />We hold, therefore, that no circumstances can every justify such disregard of law and humand rights as in involved in the crime of lynching and other forms of mob violence, and that in no instance can this be regarded as an exhibition of chivalry. <br />We pledge ourselves to efforts for creating in our citizenship a demand for full justice for the Negro; more consideration for his achievements; and less glaring publicity on crimes attributed to the race." <br /><br />p. 7<br />"RESOLVED, (1) That we deplore the failure of State Governments to handle this, the most conspicuous enemy to justice and righteousness, and the most flagrant violation of the Constitution of our great nation. <br />(2) That we definitely set ourselves to the task of creating such sentiment as is possible to us in each State of our territory to the end that not only sufficient laws shall be enacted to enable the trusted officers of the law to discharge their full duty, but to secure the enforcement of the laws now in existance. <br />(3)That this resolution be presented to all our co-operating organizations and State Committees in an effort to put into effect such plans as are necessary to secure a sustained effort on the part of our women to accomplishment of these ends." <br /><br />Founded in Atlanta in 1919, the CIC functioned as the major race reform organization in the South during the period between the world wars. While it never openly challenged segregation or advocated racial equality, it did strive for an end to racial violence and for better treatment for all classes of black men and women (<a href="https://docsouth.unc.edu/highlights/cic.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Bridging the Gap: The Commission on Interracial Cooperation</a>, 2009).</p>
Commission on Interracial Cooperation
<span>M 9 Box 100, </span><a href="http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/vcu/repositories/5/resources/279.oai_ead.xml" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978</a><span>, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries</span>
Commission on Interracial Cooperation, Atlanta, Ga.
<span>Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries</span>
The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. <br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/</a>
Learn more: <br /><span>"</span><a href="http://docsouth.unc.edu/highlights/cic.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Bridging the Gap: The Commission on Interracial Cooperation</a><span>" Documenting the American South, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill</span>
The Southern Frontier, vol. 1, no. 1 [Georgia Issue]
Published by Commission on Interracial Cooperation (CIC), The Southern Frontier was a monthly newsletter, first issued in January, 1940. Aiming to share the stories overlooked by traditional newspapers, the newsletter published stories of social progress, as well as stories of racial injustices faced by African Americans across the American South. <br /><br />As described by the then President of the CIC Howard W. Odum, the name The Southern Frontier alludes to the need for even greater pioneering and progress in the social and cultural frontiers, the American South being the most turbulent field in reference to race relations and progress at the time.<br /><br />“The Georgia Issue,” contains contributions by: <br /><br />Howard W. Odum, President of the CIC<br />Rufus E. Clement, Vice-Chairman of the Georgia Committee of the CIC<br />H. A. Hunt<br />R. L. Russell<br />W. B. Sheftal<br />M. E. Tilly<br />W. A. Turner<br /><br />Articles include:<br /><br />“An Astounding Situation” – An article about The Training School for Negro Girls, donated to the State of Georgia by the State Federation of Colored Women’s Clubs, and left unused and unappropriated of funding by the Georgia legislature <br /><br />“Around Georgia” – A column highlighting the opening of the Booker T. Washington Community Center in Macon, the advisory board of the Bethlehem House, Negro Community Center in Augusta Georgia, hosting a multiracial community Christmas pageant, and other regional stories<br /><br />"Atlanta Pianist Plays at the White House" - A notice that pianist Josephine Harreld played for Eleanor Roosevelt and guests at the White House on <a href="http://www.fdrlibrary.marist.edu/daybyday/daylog/december-12th-1939/" target="_blank" title="FDR daily calendar, 12/12/39" rel="noreferrer noopener">December 12, 1939</a>.<br /><br />"A Man of Distinction" - An obituary of <a href="https://afam.nts.jhu.edu/people/Miller/miller.html" target="_blank" title="additional biographical information" rel="noreferrer noopener">Dr. Kelley (Kelly) Miller</a>, the first African American student to attend Johns Hopkins University.
Commission on Interracial Cooperation
<a href="https://www.austinseminary.edu/page.cfm?p=3050" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Jessie Daniel Ames Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching collection, 1930-1944</a>, Austin Seminary Archives, Stitt Library, Austin Presbyterian Seminary Library
1940 January
Austin Seminary Archives, Stitt Library, Austin Presbyterian Theological Seminary Library
The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. <br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/</a>
Learn more: <br />Pullen, Ann Ellis (2013). "<a href="https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/commission-interracial-cooperation" target="_blank" title="Commission on Interracial Cooperation" rel="noreferrer noopener">Commission on Interracial Cooperation</a>" New Georgia Encyclopedia.<br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=Commission+on+Interracial+Cooperation" target="_blank" title="Commission on Interracial Cooperation" rel="noreferrer noopener">Commission on Interracial Cooperation</a>, Social Welfare History Image Portal
The Southern Frontier, vol. 1, no. 2
Published by Commission on Interracial Cooperation (CIC), <em>The Southern Frontier</em> was a monthly newsletter, first issued in January, 1940. Aiming to share the stories overlooked by traditional newspapers, the newsletter published stories of social progress, as well as stories of racial injustices faced by African Americans across the American South. <br /><br />As described by the then President of the CIC Howard W. Odum, the name <em>The Southern Frontier </em>alludes to the need for even greater pioneering and progress in the social and cultural frontiers, the American South being the a turbulent field in reference to race relations and progress at the time.<br /><br /> Vol. 1, no.2 contains contributions by: <br />Geo. E. Davis<br /> Mack Goss<br /> W. L. Anderson<br /> L. D. Ames<br /> J. D. Lawhorn<br /> A. J. Finch <br /><br />Articles include:<br /><br />“Ku Klux Klan Needs Airing” – An article urging more newspapers to alert the public of the return to activity by the Ku Klux Klan.<br /><br />“The Education of Public Opinion” – An article discussing the education of public opinion by the Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching, and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People on the topics of mobs and lynching, and tax-supported education for Negroes. Rosenwald schools are discussed, as well as the public misconception the blacks make no real financial contributions toward their education. (Public education was segregated at this time.)<br /><br />"'More Libraries, More Racial Pride'" - An article about libraries for African Americans in rural areas. "It was agreed that information about members of their race who succeeded in art, literature, and business is essential to the creation of racial pride in Negro children."
Commission on Interracial Cooperation
<a href="https://www.austinseminary.edu/page.cfm?p=3050" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Jessie Daniel Ames Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching collection, 1930-1944</a><span>, Austin Seminary Archives, Stitt Library, Austin Presbyterian Seminary Library</span>
1940 February
<span>Austin Seminary Archives, Stitt Library, Austin Presbyterian Theological Seminary Library</span>
<span>The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. </span><br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/</a>
Learn more: <br /><span>Pullen, Ann Ellis (2013). "</span><a href="https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/commission-interracial-cooperation" target="_blank" title="Commission on Interracial Cooperation" rel="noreferrer noopener">Commission on Interracial Cooperation</a><span>" New Georgia Encyclopedia.</span><br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=Commission+on+Interracial+Cooperation" target="_blank" title="Commission on Interracial Cooperation" rel="noreferrer noopener">Commission on Interracial Cooperation</a><span>, Social Welfare History Image Portal</span>
The Southern Frontier, vol. 1, no. 3 [Mississippi Issue]
Published by Commission on Interracial Cooperation (CIC), The Southern Frontier was a monthly newsletter, first issued in January, 1940. Aiming to share the stories overlooked by traditional newspapers, the newsletter published stories of social progress, as well as stories of racial injustices faced by African Americans across the American South. <br /><br />As described by the then President of the CIC Howard W. Odum, the name <em>The Southern Frontier</em> alludes to the need for even greater pioneering and progress in the social and cultural frontiers, the American South being the most turbulent field in reference to race relations and progress at the time.<br /><br />The “Mississippi Issue” contains contributions by:<br />J. Morgan Stevens<br />M. M. Hubert<br />A. J. Finch<br />R. L. Hunt<br />Theodore D. Bratton<br />P. H. Easom<br />Anselm Joseph Finch<br />Horace Mann Bond<br />R. B. Eleazer<br />Will W. Alexander<br /><br />Articles include:<br /><br />“The South’s Problem Number One” – An article discussing poverty and over-population in the South.<br /><br />“The Wm. Johnson Community Center, Jackson, Miss.” – An article discussing a church-owned clinic serving the African American communities of Jackson, Mississippi.<br /><br />"Jim Crow Legislation" - An article about the defeat of Jim Crow amendments to a Mississippi Free Text Book Bill. State Senator H. L. Davis of Oxford is quoted as saying, "Under the Constitution the Negro is a citizen and of course we know and accept that. But he can never expect to be given the same educational and social privileges with the white man and he doesn't expect them. The best education we can give him is to use his hands, because that's how he must earn his living. It always has and it always will be."<br /><br />"An Oscar for Hattie" - An article about Hattie McDaniel's Academy Award for her role as Mammy in "Gone With the Wind."
Commission on Interracial Cooperation
<a href="https://www.austinseminary.edu/page.cfm?p=3050" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Jessie Daniel Ames Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching collection, 1930-1944</a><span>, Austin Seminary Archives, Stitt Library, Austin Presbyterian Seminary Library</span>
1940 March
Austin Seminary Archives, Stitt Library, Austin Presbyterian Theological Seminary Library
<span>The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. </span><br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/</a>
Learn more: <br /><span>Pullen, Ann Ellis (2013). "</span><a href="https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/commission-interracial-cooperation" target="_blank" title="Commission on Interracial Cooperation" rel="noreferrer noopener">Commission on Interracial Cooperation</a><span>" New Georgia Encyclopedia.</span><br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=Commission+on+Interracial+Cooperation" target="_blank" title="Commission on Interracial Cooperation" rel="noreferrer noopener">Commission on Interracial Cooperation</a><span>, Social Welfare History Image Portal</span>
The Southern Frontier, vol. 1, no. 4 [South Carolina Issue]
Published by Commission on Interracial Cooperation (CIC), <em>The Southern Frontier</em> was a monthly newsletter, first issued in January, 1940. Aiming to share the stories overlooked by traditional newspapers, the newsletter published stories of social progress, as well as stories of racial injustices faced by African Americans across the American South.<br /> As described by the then President of the CIC Howard W. Odum, the name <em>The Southern Frontier </em>alludes to the need for even greater pioneering and progress in the social and cultural frontiers, the American South being the most turbulent field in reference to race relations and progress at the time.<br /><br /> The “South Carolina Issue” contains contributions by:<br /><br /> Geo. E. Davis<br /> Adele Minahan<br /> Mary E. Frayser<br /> F. Clyde Helms<br /> Marion Paul<br /> Mack M. Goss<br /> Clelia P. McGowan<br /> Jeannie Heywood Haskell<br /> Lucile Jewell<br /> John Temple Graves, II<br /><br /> Articles include:<br /><br />“A Tribute Is Due” – Profiles on Clelia Peronneau McGowan and Marion Birnie Wilkinson, who “laid the foundation stones for interracial cooperation in [South Carolina].”<br /><br /> “The Marion Birnie Wilkinson Home” – An article about the home for orphaned and underprivileged African American children, operated by African American women of South Carolina.<br /><br />"Negroes Use Libraries" about efforts to extend library service to African Americans in South Carolina. <br /><br />A brief article about Maggie L. Walker high school of Richmond, Va., notes that it cost $500,000 and is "one of the finest institutions of its kind in the South."
Commission on Interracial Cooperation
<a href="https://www.austinseminary.edu/page.cfm?p=3050" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Jessie Daniel Ames Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching collection, 1930-1944</a><span>, Austin Seminary Archives, Stitt Library, Austin Presbyterian Seminary Library</span>
1940 April
<span>Austin Seminary Archives, Stitt Library, Austin Presbyterian Theological Seminary Library</span>
<span>The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. </span><br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/</a>
Learn more: <br /><span>Pullen, Ann Ellis (2013). "</span><a href="https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/commission-interracial-cooperation" target="_blank" title="Commission on Interracial Cooperation" rel="noreferrer noopener">Commission on Interracial Cooperation</a><span>" New Georgia Encyclopedia.</span><br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=Commission+on+Interracial+Cooperation" target="_blank" title="Commission on Interracial Cooperation" rel="noreferrer noopener">Commission on Interracial Cooperation</a><span>, Social Welfare History Image Portal</span>
The Southern Frontier, vol. 1, no. 5 [Texas Issue]
Published by Commission on Interracial Cooperation (CIC), <em>The Southern Frontier</em> was a monthly newsletter, first issued in January, 1940. Aiming to share the stories overlooked by traditional newspapers, the newsletter published stories of social progress, as well as stories of racial injustices faced by African Americans across the American South.<br /><br /> As described by the then President of the CIC Howard W. Odum, the name <em>The Southern Frontier </em>alludes to the need for even greater pioneering and progress in the social and cultural frontiers, the American South being the most turbulent field in reference to race relations and progress at the time.<br /><br />“The Texas Issue” contains contributions by:<br /><br />Lulu Daniel Ames<br /> Mary E. Branch<br /> J. L. Brock<br /> C. H. Bynum<br /> Thomas W. Currie<br /> John M. Hanna<br /> Francis R. Weber<br /> Lynn Landrum<br /> J. L. Brock<br /> Gordon B. Hancock<br /> Frederick D. Patterson<br /><br />Articles include: “Texans Look Into Negro Education” – An article detailing the meeting of the Texas State Department of Education, the Texas Interracial Committee, and the Texas State Colored Teachers Association to discuss plans to provide in-state graduate education for African American Texans.<br /><br />“Holy Cross Clinic, Austin, Will Open in Early July” – An article detailing the opening of the Holy Cross Cross Clinic, a clinic caring for African Americans on small wages.
Commission on Interracial Cooperation
<a href="https://www.austinseminary.edu/page.cfm?p=3050" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Jessie Daniel Ames Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching collection, 1930-1944</a><span>, Austin Seminary Archives, Stitt Library, Austin Presbyterian Seminary Library</span>
1940 May
Austin Seminary Archives, Stitt Library, Austin Presbyterian Theological Seminary Library
<span>The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. </span><br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/</a>
Learn more: <br /><span>Pullen, Ann Ellis (2013). "</span><a href="https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/commission-interracial-cooperation" target="_blank" title="Commission on Interracial Cooperation" rel="noreferrer noopener">Commission on Interracial Cooperation</a><span>" New Georgia Encyclopedia.</span><br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=Commission+on+Interracial+Cooperation" target="_blank" title="Commission on Interracial Cooperation" rel="noreferrer noopener">Commission on Interracial Cooperation</a><span>, Social Welfare History Image Portal</span>
The Southern Frontier, vol. 1, no. 6
Published by Commission on Interracial Cooperation (CIC), The Southern Frontier was a monthly newsletter, first issued in January, 1940. Aiming to share the stories overlooked by traditional newspapers, the newsletter published stories of social progress, as well as stories of racial injustices faced by African Americans across the American South. <br /><br />As described by the then President of the CIC Howard W. Odum, the name The Southern Frontier alludes to the need for even greater pioneering and progress in the social and cultural frontiers, the American South being the most turbulent field in reference to race relations and progress at the time.<br /><br />“The Women’s Edition” contains contributions by:<br />W. A. Newell<br />Kathleen Mallory<br />S. L. Timmons<br /><br />Selected articles are:<br /><br />"Redcaps Win Wage Suit $88,500 Award to 41" -- an article about a suit brought by the Brotherhood of Railway and Steamship Clerks to determine whether tips should be included in wages. <br /><br />“Editor Fined For Speeding Beaten and Jailed” – An article about Houston, Texas lawyer and newspaper editor Carter Wesley, pulled over for speeding by two highway patrolmen, beaten for “waving at white folks on the highway,” and subsequently jailed. He’d be charged with resisting arrest, disturbing the peace, and speeding, the first two charges dismissed for lack of jurisdiction and evidence. <br /><br />“They Handled Dynamite” – An article about two groups of Southern Methodist women, one white and one black, joining together to address the large disparity in living conditions between white southerners and black southerners. <br /><br />An article on p. 2 describes the role of church women in passage of an act by Richmond, Va. City Council to provide a twelve-acre playground for African Americans. The church women united with the Community Recreation Association which had worked for fifteen years to secure a swimming pool for blacks.
Commission on Interracial Cooperation
<a href="https://www.austinseminary.edu/page.cfm?p=3050" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Jessie Daniel Ames Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching collection, 1930-1944</a>, Austin Seminary Archives, Stitt Library, Austin Presbyterian Seminary Library
1940 June
Austin Seminary Archives, Stitt Library, Austin Presbyterian Theological Seminary Library
The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. <br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/</a>
Learn more: <br /><span>Pullen, Ann Ellis (2013). "<a href="https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/commission-interracial-cooperation" target="_blank" title="Commission on Interracial Cooperation" rel="noreferrer noopener">Commission on Interracial Cooperation</a>" New Georgia Encyclopedia.<br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=Commission+on+Interracial+Cooperation" target="_blank" title="Commission on Interracial Cooperation" rel="noreferrer noopener">Commission on Interracial Cooperation</a>, Social Welfare History Image Portal <br /><br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/a879d90cd8b4a9fc6a4a2f4e457d2d86.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Annotate "Race Prejudice--Its Roots" from p.4">Annotate a PDF</a> related to this issue with <a href="https://web.hypothes.is/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Learn about web annotation with hypothes.is">hypothes.is</a><br /><br /></span>
The Southern Frontier, vol. 1, no. 7
Published by Commission on Interracial Cooperation (CIC), The Southern Frontier was a monthly newsletter, first issued in January, 1940. Aiming to share the stories overlooked by traditional newspapers, the newsletter published stories of social progress, as well as stories of racial injustices faced by African Americans across the American South. <br /><br />As described by the then President of the CIC Howard W. Odum, the name The Southern Frontier alludes to the need for even greater pioneering and progress in the social and cultural frontiers, the American South being the most turbulent field in reference to race relations and progress at the time.<br /><br />Vol. 1, No. 7 contains contributions by:<br />Virginius Dabney<br /><br />Selected articles are:<br /><br />The front page contains various articles concerned with "Education for the Negro."<br /><br />“Southern Women and Lynching” – An article briefly detailing the founding of The Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching, and their efforts, visiting each community in which a lynching had occurred.<br /><br />“Police Brutality Common In Southern Cities” – An article detailing how common police brutality is in Southern black communities, and the alarming complacency towards it among white citizens. <br /><br />An appreciation for the life of Robert Russa Moton (oulined in mourning black) appears on p. 4.
Commission on Interracial Cooperation
<a href="https://www.austinseminary.edu/page.cfm?p=3050" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Jessie Daniel Ames Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching collection, 1930-1944</a>, Austin Seminary Archives, Stitt Library, Austin Presbyterian Seminary Library
1940 July
Austin Seminary Archives, Stitt Library, Austin Presbyterian Theological Seminary Library
The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. <br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/</a>
Learn more: <br /><span>Pullen, Ann Ellis (2013). "<a href="https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/commission-interracial-cooperation" target="_blank" title="Commission on Interracial Cooperation" rel="noreferrer noopener">Commission on Interracial Cooperation</a><span>" New Georgia Encyclopedia<br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=Commission+on+Interracial+Cooperation" target="_blank" title="Commission on Interracial Cooperation" rel="noreferrer noopener">Commission on Interracial Cooperation</a>, Social Welfare History Image Portal <br /><a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Moton_Robert_Russa_1867-1940" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="R. R. Moton biography">Robert Russa Moton (1867-1940)</a>, Encyclopedia Virginia</span></span>
The Southern Frontier, vol. 1, no. 8
Published by Commission on Interracial Cooperation (CIC), The Southern Frontier was a monthly newsletter, first issued in January, 1940. Aiming to share the stories overlooked by traditional newspapers, the newsletter published stories of social progress, as well as stories of racial injustices faced by African Americans across the American South. <br /><br />As described by the then President of the CIC Howard W. Odum, the name The Southern Frontier alludes to the need for even greater pioneering and progress in the social and cultural frontiers, the American South being the most turbulent field in reference to race relations and progress at the time. <br /><br />Vol. 1, No. 8 contains contributions by: <br /><br />C. E. Chapman<br />Jonathan Daniels (<span>editor of the Raleigh, N. C., <em>News and Observer</em>)</span><br />C. C. Spaulding<br /><br />Selected articles are:<br /><br />“The Need to Eat Is Not Racial” – An article discussing the increasingly impoverished conditions faced by not only the black community, but also the white community. It addresses how economic collapse and poor labor laws have resulted in lower-class jobs, perceived to be traditionally black jobs, being taken on by white people, and that the phenomenon it is not immediately a racial issue. <br /><br />“Negroes Celebrate 75 Years of Progress” – An article about the American Negro Exposition held from July 4, 1940 to September 2, 1940 at Chicago Coliseum, an event commemorating the 75th anniversary of the emancipation of those held as slaves in the South as well as the ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.<br /><br />A notice about Louisiana Senate Bill 100 describes a proposed law that would require that "only bona fide voters can be employed in any capacity by railroads operating within the State" (p. 2).<br /><br />"White Women Seek Repeal of Poll Tax Law" notes that only eight states still assess a poll tax for the privilege of exercising the right of the franchise.<br /><br />Death notices (outlined in mourning black) for Dr. James Hardy Dillard, Mrs. Hallie Paxson Winsborough, and John W. Abercrombie are found on p. 4.
Commission on Interracial Cooperation
<a href="https://www.austinseminary.edu/page.cfm?p=3050" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Jessie Daniel Ames Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching collection, 1930-1944</a>, Austin Seminary Archives, Stitt Library, Austin Presbyterian Seminary Library
1940 August
Austin Seminary Archives, Stitt Library, Austin Presbyterian Theological Seminary Library
The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. <br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/</a>
Learn more: <br /><span>Pullen, Ann Ellis (2013). "<a href="https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/commission-interracial-cooperation" target="_blank" title="Commission on Interracial Cooperation" rel="noreferrer noopener">Commission on Interracial Cooperation</a>" New Georgia Encyclopedia.<br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=Commission+on+Interracial+Cooperation" target="_blank" title="Commission on Interracial Cooperation" rel="noreferrer noopener">Commission on Interracial Cooperation</a>, Social Welfare History Image Portal </span>
The Southern Frontier, vol. 1, no. 9
Published by Commission on Interracial Cooperation (CIC), The Southern Frontier was a monthly newsletter, first issued in January, 1940. Aiming to share the stories overlooked by traditional newspapers, the newsletter published stories of social progress, as well as stories of racial injustices faced by African Americans across the American South. <br /><br />As described by the then President of the CIC Howard W. Odum, the name The Southern Frontier alludes to the need for even greater pioneering and progress in the social and cultural frontiers, the American South being the most turbulent field in reference to race relations and progress at the time.<br /><br />Vol. 1, No. 9 contains contributions by:<br /><br />John A. Kenney<br />Carter Wesley<br />Lee M. Owen<br />Homer F. Sanger<br />A. W. Dent<br /><br />Selected articles are:<br /><br />“Shortage of Negro Doctors” – A column by editor Carter Wesley of the Houston (Texas) Informer, highlighting the severely disproportionate ratio of African American doctors to African American citizens living in the south, prompting Wesley to further call for a lowering of the training standards needed to become a doctor. <br /><br />“What Negroes are Saying about National Politics” – An article featuring campaign promises from the Republican Party of Philadelphia and the Democratic Party of Chicago as well as selected quotes from African American citizens in advance of the 1940 national elections.
Commission on Interracial Cooperation
<a href="https://www.austinseminary.edu/page.cfm?p=3050" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Jessie Daniel Ames Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching collection, 1930-1944</a>, Austin Seminary Archives, Stitt Library, Austin Presbyterian Seminary Library
1940 September
Austin Seminary Archives, Stitt Library, Austin Presbyterian Theological Seminary Library
The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. <br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/</a>
Learn more: <br /><span>Pullen, Ann Ellis (2013). "</span><a href="https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/commission-interracial-cooperation" target="_blank" title="Commission on Interracial Cooperation" rel="noreferrer noopener">Commission on Interracial Cooperation</a>" New Georgia Encyclopedia.<br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=Commission+on+Interracial+Cooperation" target="_blank" title="Commission on Interracial Cooperation" rel="noreferrer noopener">Commission on Interracial Cooperation</a>, Social Welfare History Image Portal
The Southern Frontier, vol. 1, no. 10
Published by Commission on Interracial Cooperation (CIC), The Southern Frontier was a monthly newsletter, first issued in January, 1940. Aiming to share the stories overlooked by traditional newspapers, the newsletter published stories of social progress, as well as stories of racial injustices faced by African Americans across the American South. <br /><br />As described by the then President of the CIC Howard W. Odum, the name The Southern Frontier alludes to the need for even greater pioneering and progress in the social and cultural frontiers, the American South being the most turbulent field in reference to race relations and progress at the time.<br /><br />Vol. 1, No. 10 contains contributions by:<br />N.C. Newbold<br />R. B. Eleazer<br /><br />Selected articles are:<br />“Commission Interracial Cooperation Holds Annual Meeting” – A recap of the annual meeting of the CIC, featuring highlights of the speech by President Odum, resolutions passed, new members elected, and the results of officer and director elections. <br /><br />"South Carolina Interracial Committee Has Klan Problem" -- describes the South Carolina Committee's efforts to condemn the KKK's acts of intimidation and physical violence, and to help defeat Klan members running for elected office.
Commission on Interracial Cooperation
<a href="https://www.austinseminary.edu/page.cfm?p=3050" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Jessie Daniel Ames Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching collection, 1930-1944</a>, Austin Seminary Archives, Stitt Library, Austin Presbyterian Seminary Library
1940 October
Austin Seminary Archives, Stitt Library, Austin Presbyterian Theological Seminary Library
The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. <br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/</a>
Learn more: <br />Pullen, Ann Ellis (2013). "<a href="https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/commission-interracial-cooperation" target="_blank" title="Commission on Interracial Cooperation" rel="noreferrer noopener">Commission on Interracial Cooperation</a>" New Georgia Encyclopedia.<br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=Commission+on+Interracial+Cooperation" target="_blank" title="Commission on Interracial Cooperation" rel="noreferrer noopener">Commission on Interracial Cooperation</a>, Social Welfare History Image Portal
The Southern Frontier, vol. 1, no. 11
Published by Commission on Interracial Cooperation (CIC), The Southern Frontier was a monthly newsletter, first issued in January, 1940. Aiming to share the stories overlooked by traditional newspapers, the newsletter published stories of social progress, as well as stories of racial injustices faced by African Americans across the American South. <br /><br />As described by the then President of the CIC Howard W. Odum, the name The Southern Frontier alludes to the need for even greater pioneering and progress in the social and cultural frontiers, the American South being the most turbulent field in reference to race relations and progress at the time.<br /><br />Vol. 1, No. 11 contains contributions by:<br /><br />William B. Ruggles<br />Carter Wesley<br />John Wesley Dobbs<br />Robert C. Weaver<br /><br />Selected articles are:<br /><br />“The Negro Vote” – Column on African American party loyalty, and a critique of the Republican party’s appeasement and isolationist tendencies during the rise of Hitler in Europe.<br /><br />“Local Interracial Committees are Busy” – A page of short columns, detailing the activities of regional interracial committees in Georgia, Texas, and South Carolina.<br /><br />Articles on p. 3 concern the participation of African Americans in the Armed Forces. Dr. F. D. Patterson of Tuskegee Institute, Dr. Rayford Logan of Howard University, and Dr. Howard Long of the public schools of the District of Columbia visited the White House to discuss with the President possibilities of African Americans participation in the national defense. The work of Dr. Robert C. Weaver in this regard is noted.<br /><br />There is a brief notice (p. 2) that October 20 the Post Office Department issued a special stamp commemorating the 75th anniversary of the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution abolishing slavery. In April (1940) a stamp with the likeness of Booker T. Washington was the first time that an African American was honored in this way.
Commission on Interracial Cooperation
<a href="https://www.austinseminary.edu/page.cfm?p=3050" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Jessie Daniel Ames Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching collection, 1930-1944</a>, Austin Seminary Archives, Stitt Library, Austin Presbyterian Seminary Library
1940 November
Austin Seminary Archives, Stitt Library, Austin Presbyterian Theological Seminary Library
The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. <br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/</a>
Learn more: <br /><span>Pullen, Ann Ellis (2013). "<a href="https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/commission-interracial-cooperation" target="_blank" title="Commission on Interracial Cooperation" rel="noreferrer noopener">Commission on Interracial Cooperation</a>" New Georgia Encyclopedia.<br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=Commission+on+Interracial+Cooperation" target="_blank" title="Commission on Interracial Cooperation" rel="noreferrer noopener">Commission on Interracial Cooperation</a>, Social Welfare History Image Portal <br /><br />Annotate a <a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/a0752fb83eeae5373d4c6e5698837572.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="PDF of this image">PDF of this image</a> with <a href="https://web.hypothes.is/">hypothes.is</a><br /></span>
The Southern Frontier, vol. 1, no. 12
Published by Commission on Interracial Cooperation (CIC), The Southern Frontier was a monthly newsletter, first issued in January, 1940. Aiming to share the stories overlooked by traditional newspapers, the newsletter published stories of social progress, as well as stories of racial injustices faced by African Americans across the American South. <br /><br />As described by the then President of the CIC Howard W. Odum, the name The Southern Frontier alludes to the need for even greater pioneering and progress in the social and cultural frontiers, the American South being the most turbulent field in reference to race relations and progress at the time.<br /><br />Vol. 1, No. 12 contains contributions by:<br /><br />Felton G. Clark<br />Charles S. Johnson<br /><br />Selected articles are:<br /><br />“The South, the Supreme Court and Negro Education” – An article concerning the obstacles faced by graduate education-seeking African Americas in the South. <br /><br />“Negroes Must Serve on Grand Juries” – An article condemning instances of purposefully excluding African Americans from serving on juries.
Commission on Interracial Cooperation
<a href="https://www.austinseminary.edu/page.cfm?p=3050" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Jessie Daniel Ames Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching collection, 1930-1944</a>, Austin Seminary Archives, Stitt Library, Austin Presbyterian Seminary Library
1940 December
Austin Seminary Archives, Stitt Library, Austin Presbyterian Theological Seminary Library
The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. <br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/</a>
Learn more: <br /><span>Pullen, Ann Ellis (2013). "<a href="https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/commission-interracial-cooperation" target="_blank" title="Commission on Interracial Cooperation" rel="noreferrer noopener">Commission on Interracial Cooperation</a><span>" New Georgia Encyclopedia.<br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=Commission+on+Interracial+Cooperation" target="_blank" title="Commission on Interracial Cooperation" rel="noreferrer noopener">Commission on Interracial Cooperation</a>, Social Welfare History Image Portal </span></span>
The Southern Frontier, vol. 2, no. 1
Published by Commission on Interracial Cooperation (CIC), The Southern Frontier was a monthly newsletter, first issued in January, 1940. Aiming to share the stories overlooked by traditional newspapers, the newsletter published stories of social progress, as well as stories of racial injustices faced by African Americans across the American South. <br /><br />As described by then President of the CIC Howard W. Odum, the name <em>The Southern Frontier</em> alludes to the need for even greater pioneering and progress in the social and cultural frontiers, the American South being the most turbulent field in reference to race relations and progress at the time.<br /><br />Vol. 2, No. 1 contains contributions by:<br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=Jessie+Daniel+Ames" target="_blank" title="materials related to Jessie Daniel Ames" rel="noreferrer noopener">Jessie Daniel Ames</a><br /><br />Selected articles are:<br /><br />"Negroes Make Progress--Many 'Firsts' in 1940"<br /><br />“Hot Spots Develop In Three States” – An article about high racial tensions in Memphis, TN; Dallas, TX; and Georgetown, SC, and how the general public, city governments, and police departments are responding.<br /><br />“What is a Lynching?” – An article describing a December 14, 1940 conference held at Tuskegee Institute in which a definition of lynching was accepted as needing “legal evidence that a person has been killed and that he met his death illegally at the hands of a group acting under the pretext of service to justice, race or tradition.” <br /><br />"Lynching Map of the United States for the Past Decade" <br /><br />"Why We Lynched--1940" notes the reasons for various lynchings in the South.<br /><br />An article on page 4 notes the unequal salaries of black and white teachers and school administrators in Virginia. "In the City of Richmond, the salaries of Negro principals of Negro high schools and elementary schools are a little more than one-half of the salaries paid to white high school principals--while white principals of Negro schools are paid approximately one-third more than Negro principals."<br /><br />"Negroes Refused Correspondence Courses" describes how the Texas Attorney General has rulled against black citizens who wished to take correspondence classes at whites-only schools.
Commission on Interracial Cooperation
<a href="https://www.austinseminary.edu/page.cfm?p=3050" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Jessie Daniel Ames Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching collection, 1930-1944</a>, Austin Seminary Archives, Stitt Library, Austin Presbyterian Seminary Library
1941 January
Austin Seminary Archives, Stitt Library, Austin Presbyterian Theological Seminary Library
NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES<br /><br />The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. <br /><br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/</a>
Learn more: <br /><br />Ames, J. (1938). <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2745056" target="_blank" title="Editorial Treatment of Lynchings" rel="noreferrer noopener">Editorial Treatment of Lynchings</a>. <i>The Public Opinion Quarterly,</i><span> <i>2</i><span>(1), 77-84. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/2745056 <br /><br />Waldrep, C. (2000). <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2587438" target="_blank" title="War of Words" rel="noreferrer noopener">War of Words: The Controversy over the Definition of Lynching, 1899-1940</a>. <i>The Journal of Southern History,</i> <i>66</i>(1), 75-100. doi:10.2307/2587438 <br /><br />Pullen, Ann Ellis (2013). "<a href="https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/commission-interracial-cooperation" target="_blank" title="Commission on Interracial Cooperation" rel="noreferrer noopener">Commission on Interracial Cooperation</a>" New Georgia Encyclopedia.<br /><br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=Commission+on+Interracial+Cooperation" target="_blank" title="Commission on Interracial Cooperation" rel="noreferrer noopener">Commission on Interracial Cooperation</a>, Social Welfare History Image Portal</span></span>
The Southern Frontier, vol. 2, no. 2
Published by Commission on Interracial Cooperation (CIC), The Southern Frontier was a monthly newsletter, first issued in January, 1940. Aiming to share the stories overlooked by traditional newspapers, the newsletter published stories of social progress, as well as stories of racial injustices faced by African Americans across the American South. <br /><br /> As described by then President of the CIC Howard W. Odum, the name <em>The Southern Frontier</em> alludes to the need for even greater pioneering and progress in the social and cultural frontiers, the American South being the most turbulent field in reference to race relations and progress at the time.<br /><br /> Vol. 2, No. 1 contains contributions by:<br /> J. W. Haywood<br /><br /> Selected articles are:<br /><br /> “The South Has a `Bottleneck’” – An article describing the South as an environment common with incidents of governmental discrimination towards black citizens, as well as acts of goodwill on the parts of individual white citizens, but that are in turn done in silence or in secrecy to avoid backlash from governing or administrating entities.<br /><br /> “Negro Soldiers Want White Commander” – An article describing a case in which a platoon of black soldiers holding resentment over being assigned a black commander. The article provides analysis of this story, one from a white southerner perspective, the other from a black southerner perspective. <br /><br />"Negroes Enter Army Aviation" discusses the formation of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuskegee_Airmen" target="_blank" title="Tuskegee Airmen" rel="noreferrer noopener">Tuskegee Airmen</a>. The article notes that the (Negro) National Airmen's Association opposes segregation in the military.
Commission on Interracial Cooperation
<a href="https://www.austinseminary.edu/page.cfm?p=3050" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Jessie Daniel Ames Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching collection, 1930-1944</a>, Austin Seminary Archives, Stitt Library, Austin Presbyterian Seminary Library
1941 February
Austin Seminary Archives, Stitt Library, Austin Presbyterian Theological Seminary Library
NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES<br /><br />The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. <br /><br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/</a>
Learn more: <br /><br /><a href="https://airandspace.si.edu/collection-objects/pin-lapel-airmens-association-america" target="_blank" title="Lapel pin, Smithsonian, NASM" rel="noreferrer noopener">Lapel pin</a>, Airmen's Association of America, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian<br /><br />Pullen, Ann Ellis (2013). "<a href="https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/commission-interracial-cooperation" target="_blank" title="Commission on Interracial Cooperation" rel="noreferrer noopener">Commission on Interracial Cooperation</a>" New Georgia Encyclopedia.<br /><br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=Commission+on+Interracial+Cooperation" target="_blank" title="Commission on Interracial Cooperation" rel="noreferrer noopener">Commission on Interracial Cooperation</a>, Social Welfare History Image Portal
The Southern Frontier, vol. 2, no. 3
Published by Commission on Interracial Cooperation (CIC), The Southern Frontier was a monthly newsletter, first issued in January, 1940. Aiming to share the stories overlooked by traditional newspapers, the newsletter published stories of social progress, as well as stories of racial injustices faced by African Americans across the American South. <br /><br />As described by the then President of the CIC Howard W. Odum, the name The Southern Frontier alludes to the need for even greater pioneering and progress in the social and cultural frontiers, the American South being the most turbulent field in reference to race relations and progress at the time.<br /><br />Vol. 2, No. 3 contains contributions by:<br /><br />Dr. Horace Mann Bond<br />Arthur L. Coleman<br />John Temple Graves II<br />L. R. Reynolds<br />C. H. Tobias<br />D. E. Williams<br /><br />Selected articles are: <br /><br />"The Southern Negro as a Consumer"<br /><br />“A Blurred Mirror Distorts the Image” – Dr. Horace Mann Bond, President of Fort Valley State College, speaking in Chicago on Race Relations Sunday. Bond speaks on the negative stereotypes and perception of Black people in dominant American culture and the dangers posed to the psyche of the Black community.<br /><br />“Negroes have their own News Sources” – A commentary on the value of Black newspapers and how stories are presented differently than in White newspapers
Commission on Interracial Cooperation
<a href="https://www.austinseminary.edu/page.cfm?p=3050" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Jessie Daniel Ames Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching collection, 1930-1944</a>, Austin Seminary Archives, Stitt Library, Austin Presbyterian Seminary Library
1941 March
Austin Seminary Archives, Stitt Library, Austin Presbyterian Theological Seminary Library
NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES<br /><br />The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. <br /><br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/</a>
Learn more: <br /><br />Pullen, Ann Ellis (2013). "<a href="https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/commission-interracial-cooperation" target="_blank" title="Commission on Interracial Cooperation" rel="noreferrer noopener">Commission on Interracial Cooperation</a>" New Georgia Encyclopedia.<br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=Commission+on+Interracial+Cooperation" target="_blank" title="Commission on Interracial Cooperation" rel="noreferrer noopener">Commission on Interracial Cooperation</a>, Social Welfare History Image Portal
The Southern Frontier, vol. 2, no. 4
<p>Published by Commission on Interracial Cooperation (CIC), <em>The Southern Frontier</em> was a monthly newsletter, first issued in January, 1940. Aiming to share the stories overlooked by traditional newspapers, the newsletter published stories of social progress, as well as stories of racial injustices faced by African Americans across the American South.</p>
<p>As described by the then President of the CIC Howard W. Odum, the name <em>The Southern Frontier </em>alludes to the need for even greater pioneering and progress in the social and cultural frontiers, the American South being the most turbulent field in reference to race relations and progress at the time.</p>
<p>Vol. 4, No. 4 contains contributions by H. Bynum</p>
<p>Selected articles are: <br /><br />“Education for Security” – An article describing the underfunded Southern school system in face of the large sums being spent on military funding for World War II. <br /><br />"An Open Letter to Eugene Talmadge (Governor of Georgia)" from <em>The Macon News</em>, regarding his veto of a state training school for African American girls. <br /><br />“`The Mind of the South’ `Lanterns on the Levee’” – Reviews of two books describing the psyche and culture of the American South.<br /><br />"Short Changed" -- an editorial cartoon from the Louisville <em>Courier-Journal</em></p>
Commission on Interracial Cooperation
<a href="https://www.austinseminary.edu/page.cfm?p=3050" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Jessie Daniel Ames Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching collection, 1930-1944</a>, Austin Seminary Archives, Stitt Library, Austin Presbyterian Seminary Library
1941 April
Austin Seminary Archives, Stitt Library, Austin Presbyterian Theological Seminary Library
NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES<br /><br />The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. <br /><br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/</a>
Learn more: <br /><br />Pullen, Ann Ellis (2013). "<a href="https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/commission-interracial-cooperation" target="_blank" title="Commission on Interracial Cooperation" rel="noreferrer noopener">Commission on Interracial Cooperation</a>" New Georgia Encyclopedia.<br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=Commission+on+Interracial+Cooperation" target="_blank" title="Commission on Interracial Cooperation" rel="noreferrer noopener">Commission on Interracial Cooperation</a>, Social Welfare History Image Portal
Burnt Cork and Crime
Pamphlet published by the Commission on Interracial Cooperation, an organization which opposed lynching and promoted interracial dialogue and cooperation.<br /><br />Described on the cover as "stories summarized from press reports," the pamphlets relates incidents in which crimes were committed by persons posing as African Americans. These imposters blackened their faces and hands with burnt cork. <br /><br />Other stories describe false accusations by whites, and often white women, against black men. <br /><br />Excerpt from p.1<br />"In St. Louis some time ago a robber caught with blackened face stated that there was an organized group of white bandits who always operated under the mask of color. In this way, he said, it was easy to fool the officers, and in some cases even to assist in the search for the suspected Negro and 'identify' him when caught."<br /><br />p. 6 "The meaning is obvious, however, as it relates to hasty judgment, hysteria, mob violence, and the assumption that every Negro is guilty who anybody seeks to accuse. It suggests also that the statistics of Negro crime, now happily changing for the better, might be further lightened if all the facts were known and the mask of color torn away."
Commission on Interracial Cooperation
<a href="https://cdm17236.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p17236coll18" target="_blank" title="Race Relations Pamphlets, UPSem Digital Collections" rel="noreferrer noopener">Race Relations Pamphlets</a>, Special Collections, William Smith Morton Library, Union Presbyterian Seminary
Union Presbyterian Seminary Library
Copyright Undetermined. <br /><br />The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. <br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/" title="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/</a>
Learn more: <br /><br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=Commission+on+Interracial+Cooperation" target="_blank" title="Materials related to the Commission on Interracial Cooperation" rel="noreferrer noopener">Commission on Interracial Cooperation</a>, Social Welfare History Image Portal<br /><br />Pullen, Ann Ellis (2013). "<a href="https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/commission-interracial-cooperation" target="_blank" title="Commission on Interracial Cooperation" rel="noreferrer noopener">Commission on Interracial Cooperation</a>" New Georgia Encyclopedia.