Need of Compulsory Education in the South [NCLC Pamphlet No. 192]
<p>Pamphlet by W.H. Hand, State High School Inspector, Columbia, South Carolina. Reprint from the Child Labor Bulletin, 1/1, June 1912. Includes data from the 1910 U.S. Census.<br /><br />Excerpts:<br /><br />p. 6 "...in a democracy where manhood suffrage practically prevails, institutional life is exposed to tremendous dangers when twelve per cent. of the voting population are unable to read the names printed on the ballots they are supposed to cast intelligently for the government of the State. Ignorance stands for narrowness, bigotry, selfishness and stagnation ; intelligence stands for liberty, liberality, tolerance, sympathy and growth. We must choose between the two."<br /><br />p. 8 "The material prosperity of the present South is one of the marvels of modern times. The faith and courage with which our people rebuilt their ruined homes, reclaimed their neglected fields, bridged the rivers, tunneled the mountains, built factories and constructed railroads challenge the admiration of the civilized world. In that struggle to rise from the ashes the greatest hindrance has been our load of illiteracy, and to-day it is our heaviest burden."<br /><br />p. 8 "Who are these illiterate white children of the South, and why are they not in school?"<br /><br />p. 9 "Argument against the right of the State to send a chld to school is specious and superficial. Those who make such argument would not for one moment deny the right of the State to compel the parent to vaccinate his child, to compel the parent to feed and clothe his child, or to compel him to fight for his country, and to shoot him if he deserted. The State has the right to carry the law-breaking child to the reformatory or to jail to protect society. Has not the State as much right to carry the child to the schoolhouse to save him from the reformatory or the jail and to train him to benefit society?"<br /><br />p. 12 "Temporizing patriots, with one ear listening to the call of duty and the other listening to the hostile rabble, declare for compulsory education when pressed to take a stand, but they usually add that the people are not quite ready for it."<br /><br />p. 12 "The argument against compulsory education on account of the negro has been worn threadbare ; surely the time has come to let it drop....Is it wise or expedient to permit thousands of white boys and girls to grow up in ignorance, lest in forcing them to school we should awaken the aspirations of the negro child? Shall we remain ignorant in order to encourage the negro to remain ignorant? Is it better for white and black to remain ignorant than to have both intelligent? The only logical conclusion to such argument is that the ignorant white man can compete successfully with the ignorant negro, but that the educated white man cannot compete with the educated negro. Then what becomes of the boasted superiority of the white man? Has the white man so nearly reached the zenith of his possibilities that he cannot keep well in advance of the ambitious negro?"<br />(For similar arguments with regard to woman suffrage, see <a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/show/75" target="_blank" title="The Negro Vote in the South [suffrage flyer]" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Negro Vote in the South</a>.)</p>
Hand, William H.
<a href="https://upsem.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/?rm=CHILD+LABOR+PA0%7C%7C%7C1%7C%7C%7C0%7C%7C%7Ctrue" target="_blank" title="Child Labor Pamphlets, Union Presbyterian Seminary" rel="noreferrer noopener">Child Labor Pamphlets, 1908-1935</a><span>. No. 84, digital collection, William Smith Morton Library, Union Presbyterian Seminary</span>
National Child Labor Committee
1912
William Smith Morton Library, Union Presbyterian Seminary
<span>The organization that has made the Item available reasonably believes that the Item is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. <br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/</a><br /></span>
Letter from Owen R. Lovejoy to Dr. Samuel McCuns Lindsay, January 27, 1925
Letter to <a href="http://www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/archival/collections/ldpd_4079559/" title="biographical information on Samuel Lindsay" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Dr. Samuel McCuns Lindsay</a>, Chairman, National Child Labor Committee from <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aWR5HJJktL8C&pg=RA1-PA86&lpg=RA1-PA86&dq=owen+reed+lovejoy&source=bl&ots=lX817HZtPo&sig=QTelVI2DcghkKeJX9656aSuCh2g&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjK86yblePcAhXGY98KHVufA_gQ6AEwBnoECAQQAQ#v=onepage&q=owen%20reed%20lovejoy%20&f=false" target="_blank" title="Owen Reed Lovejoy biographical information" rel="noreferrer noopener">Owen R. Lovejoy</a>, General Secretary, National Child Labor Committee<br /><br />Dated January 27, 1925. <br /><br />In the letter Lovejoy reflects on the campaign against child labor and discusses his reasons for resigning his post.
Lovejoy, Owen R. (Owen Reed), 1866-1961
<p><a href="https://archives.lib.umn.edu/repositories/11/resources/733">Survey Associates records</a>. <a href="https://archives.lib.umn.edu/repositories/11/archival_objects/169735">Lovejoy, Owen R., 1921-1949.</a> <a href="https://archives.lib.umn.edu/repositories/11/archival_objects/169735">Box: 95, Folder: 714-715</a>. Social Welfare History Archives, University of Minnesota Libraries.</p>
1925 January 27
Social Welfare History Archives, University of Minnesota Libraries
<span>The organization that has made the Item available reasonably believes that the Item is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. </span><br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/</a>
Learn more: <br /><span><a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/programs/child-welfarechild-labor/national-child-labor-committee/" target="_blank" title="National Child Labor Committee" rel="noreferrer noopener">National Child Labor Committee</a>, Social Welfare History Project<br /><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aWR5HJJktL8C&pg=RA1-PA86&lpg=RA1-PA86&dq=owen+reed+lovejoy&source=bl&ots=lX817HZtPo&sig=QTelVI2DcghkKeJX9656aSuCh2g&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjK86yblePcAhXGY98KHVufA_gQ6AEwBnoECAQQAQ#v=onepage&q=owen%20reed%20lovejoy%20&f=false" target="_blank" title="biographical information on Owen R. Lovejoy" rel="noreferrer noopener">Owen Reed Lovejoy</a>, <em>Michigan Biographical Dictionary 2008-2009,</em> by Caryn Hannan.<br /><a href="https://www.loc.gov/pictures/related/?fi=subject&q=Lovejoy%2C%20Owen%20R.--%28Owen%20Reed%29%2C--1866-1961." target="_blank" title="Photographs of Lovejoy" rel="noreferrer noopener">Owen R. Lovejoy</a>, Library of Congress Prints & Photographs</span>
Child Labor in Virginia. NCLC Pamphlet No. 171
Pamphlet by Alexander Jeffrey McKelway, Secretary for the Southern States, National Child Labor Committee. With photographs by Lewis W. Hine, staff photographer for the NCLC. <br /><br />Lewis Hine made a photographic investigation of child labor in Virginia in May and June of 1911. This pamphlet discusses the extent of child labor in the state where children were employed in cotton, silk and knitting mills, coal mines, cigarette factories, glass factories, shoe factories, and as newsboys, messenger boys, and actors on stage. <br /><br />Excerpts:<br /><br />p.3-4 "The cotton mills have often put themselves forward as patrons of education. The figures of the Federal Bureau of Labor do not bear out this claim. The Census shows that 9 per cent. of the white children ten to fourteen years of age throughout the state are illiterate. In the cotton mills 70 per cent. of the children under fourteen were found to be illiterate by the agents of the Bureau of Labor, a greater percentage than are to be found, even in the cotton mill families of any other state, north or south."<br /><br />p.5 "...there was no necessity for the labor of these children under fourteen; while it is admitted by all philanthropic agencies that even if there were in individual cases such need, the last expedient that should be adopted is the putting of the burden of family support upon the shoulders of the immature child."<br /><br />p. 9 "It is true, therefore, that a large majority of the industries of Virginia do not employ children under fourteen, and these establishments should be protected from the competition of the child-employing industries, which are here mentioned and illustrated."
McKelway, A. J.
<a href="https://upsem.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/?rm=CHILD+LABOR+PA0%7C%7C%7C1%7C%7C%7C0%7C%7C%7Ctrue" target="_blank" title="Child Labor Pamphlets, 1908 - 1935, Union Presbyterian Seminary Library" rel="noreferrer noopener">Child Labor Pamphlets, 1908 - 1935</a>, No. 68, digital collection, William Smith Morton Library, Union Presbyterian Seminary
Union Presbyterian Seminary Library
<span>The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. <br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/</a></span>
Learn more: <br /><a href="https://docsouth.unc.edu/nc/mckelway/bio.html" target="_blank" title="Alexander Jeffrey McKelway, 1866-1918" rel="noreferrer noopener">Alexander Jeffrey McKelway, 1866-1918</a>, <em>Documenting the American South. </em>From<em> Dictionary of North Carolina Biography </em>edited by William S. Powell.<br /><a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/programs/child-welfarechild-labor/child-labor/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Child Labor</a>, Social Welfare History Project<br /><a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/programs/child-welfarechild-labor/national-child-labor-committee/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">National Child Labor Committee</a>, Social Welfare History Project<br /><a href="https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/collections/lewis-wickes-hine-documentary-photographs-1905-1938#/?tab=navigation&roots=a675d330-c6cc-012f-0cfa-58d385a7bc34" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Lewis Wickes Hine: Documentary Photographs, 1905 - 1938</a><span>, New York Public Library Digital Collections<br /><br /></span>
What Did Miss Abbott Really Say? [NCLC pamphlet]
A pamphlet issued by the National Child Labor Committee to present testimony by Grace Abbott, former head of the United States Children’s Bureau, before the House Judiciary Committee on February 15, 1924. The pamphlet was issued in order to counter claims regarding her testimony made in a legal brief written in 1934 by William D. Guthrie, “The Child Labor Amendment: Argument in Opposition to Ratification.”
National Child Labor Committee
<a href="https://archives.lib.umn.edu/repositories/11/resources/680">Gertrude Zimand papers</a>. <a href="https://archives.lib.umn.edu/repositories/11/archival_objects/162010">Articles and Studies, 1924-1965</a>. <a href="https://archives.lib.umn.edu/repositories/11/archival_objects/162010">Box: 2, Folder: 17</a>. Social Welfare History Archives, University of Minnesota Libraries
1934
Social Welfare History Archives, University of Minnesota Libraries
<span>The organization that has made the Item available reasonably believes that the Item is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. </span><br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/</a>
Learn more: <br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=Child+Labor+Amendment" target="_blank" title="Items related to the Child Labor Amendment" rel="noreferrer noopener">Child Labor Amendment</a><span>, Social Welfare History Image Portal</span><br /><span>"</span><a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/programs/child-welfarechild-labor/a-needed-amendment-to-restrict-child-labor/" target="_blank" title="Article from The Nation, January 1934" rel="noreferrer noopener">A Needed Amendment To Restrict Child Labor</a><span>" </span><em>The Nation. </em><span>January, 1934. Social Welfare History Project</span><br /><a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/programs/child-welfarechild-labor/child-labor/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Child Labor</a><span>, Social Welfare History Project <br /></span><a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/organizations/childrens-bureau/abbott-grace/" target="_blank" title="Grace Abbot" rel="noreferrer noopener">Grace Abbott</a>, Social Welfare History Project
They Are Advancing
<span>Pamphlet advocating for the Child Labor Amendment, passed in 1924, but never ratified.</span>
National Child Labor Committee (U.S.)
<span>M 9 Box 101, </span><a href="https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vcu-cab/vircu00102.xml" target="_blank" title="finding aid" rel="noopener noreferrer">Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978</a>, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use.<br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/</a>
Learn more:<br /><a href="http://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/programs/child-welfarechild-labor/national-child-labor-committee/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">An Amendment to the Constitution is Needed to Give the United States Power to Safeguard the Child Life of the Nation<br /><br />National Child Labor Committee (NCLC): Founded April 25, 1904</a>, Social Welfare History Project<br /><br /><a href="http://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/programs/child-welfarechild-labor/a-needed-amendment-to-restrict-child-labor/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">A Needed Amendment To Restrict Child Labor</a>, Social Welfare History Project<br /><br /><a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/organizations/children-labor-film-1912/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Children Who Labor - film (1912)</a>, Social Welfare History Project
The Doctor Looks at Child Labor. NCLC Pamphlet No. 356
<span>A symposium edited by the NCLC. <br /><br />A series of statements related to the long-term health effects of child labor on children and youth. <br /><br />"The insidious thing about child labor is that its effects manifest themselves at the most unexpected times in later life and often in a disastrous manner....We would not permit the exploitation of a child that is precious to any one of us. Let us not, therefore, as citizens, tolerate the exploitation of other people's children." (back cover)<br /><br />Contributed by:<br /><br /> C.-E. A. Winslow, Professor of Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine<br />William R. P. Emerson <br />Eugene L. Opie <br />Louis I. Harris <br />Joseph H. Bainton <br />Alice Hamilton <br />Haven Emerson <br />Iago Galdston <br />Charles Hendee Smith <br />Max Seham <br />Richard A. Bolt <br />Catherine Brannick <br />George M. Kober <br />C. Floyd Haviland <br />S. W. Wynne <br /><br />Statement titles: Chronic Fatigue; Hidden Infections; Physical Unfitness; Years of Growth; Poison Trades; Cardiacs Without Symptoms; Colts in Harness; Monotony Exacts Its Price; "Papers! All the Evenin' Papers!"; Young Nomads; When the Hand Slips; When Working Conditions are Bad; Undernourished Minds.<br /><br /><br /><br /></span>
Winslow, C. -E. A. (Charles-Edward Amory), 1877-1957
<a href="https://upsem.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/?rm=CHILD+LABOR+PA0%7C%7C%7C1%7C%7C%7C0%7C%7C%7Ctrue" target="_blank" title="Child Labor Pamphlets, 1908 - 1935, Union Presbyterian Seminary Library" rel="noreferrer noopener">Child Labor Pamphlets, 1908 - 1935</a><span>, No. 43, digital collection, William Smith Morton Library, Union Presbyterian Seminary</span>
National Child Labor Committee
1929
Union Presbyterian Seminary Library
The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. <br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/</a>