After the influenza virus was finally identified in 1933, researchers immediately started to develop a vaccine. The first flu vaccine was approved for U.S. military use in 1945 and for civilian use in 1946.
Unfortunately, the flu has several types, and many types come in multiple strains—each of which has to be included in a vaccine to provide protection. Each year, scientists make their best prediction as to which flu variants will circulate that year and prepare a vaccine that treats a combination of the most likely strains. Sometimes the match is a good one, but sometimes unexpected strains mean the vaccine is less effective. Immunity also wears off and different strains emerge—which is why it’s important to get a flu shot every year.
V.85.37.2477, Richmond Times-Dispatch Collection, The Valentine
This 1933 booklet provides “a list of persons in Jefferson Ward in the City of Richmond, who have paid their State Poll Taxes.” Poll taxes were enacted by many southern states after Reconstruction to suppress African American voting. Such taxes were a precondition for voting and thus disenfranchised those who could not pay the fee.
Use of the poll tax in federal elections was abolished with the passage of the Twenty-fourth Amendment in 1964, and in state-level elections by the 1966 Supreme Court decision in Harper v. Virginia Board of Elections.
The booklet is divided into “WHITE” voters, listed in the first 274 pages, and “COLORED” voters, listed on pages 275 to 304.
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