1
25
42
-
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/719b991f62db481c4ed6324604726e3f.jpg
55122fad8c942ac11cee9642c4413674
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/6259f15e152c0ec96b6e74d91cf9932b.jpg
6e5927968a89f3b61c2877349308592c
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/45ee06a400a5b545783271352d423b6d.jpg
22f064a5d96d368dc651fdaa0afbf0dc
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/0dbc695001b6e9028ca4a76712113479.jpg
d59f0918dba0c4dfed658f994290cf79
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/94b8fd31269ccbe6ebdc14e7c88f19b5.jpg
250983d5e9771ce964dcce0b45fcb613
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Virginia Museum of History & Culture
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Voting Rights and Legal Wrongs. A Commentary on S. 1564, the proposed "Voting Rights Act of 1965..."
Description
An account of the resource
This booklet was distributed by the Virginia Commission on Constitutional Government (VCCG) in opposition to the Voting Rights Act of 1965. The Commission began in 1958 and existed until the late 1960s. <br /><br />Led by David J. Mays, a prominent lawyer and advisor to Virginia’s commission on the response to the Brown v. Board of Education decision, it advocated nationally for states’ rights and conservatism, and eventually distributed over 2 million published pamphlets, brochures and speeches.<br /><br />Excerpts: <br /><br />FOREWORD<br /><br />During the first eight weeks of 1965, demonstrations of increasing size and intensity in Selma, Ala., and later in Montgomery, attracted nationwide attention to the efforts of Alabama Negroes to secure their right to vote. The demonstrations reached a political climax on the evening of March 15, when the President asked a joint session of the Congress for the immediate adoption of a "Voting Rights Act of 1965." Remarkably, members of the United States Supreme Court, in their judical robes, sat in the front row applauding. <br /><br />Three days later, on March 18, identical bills were introduced in the House (HR 6400) and in the Senate (S. 1564) to carry out the President's recommendations. <br /><br />The Virginia Commission on Constitutional Government believes fervently in the right to vote....At the same time, the Commission adheres just as fervently to a conviction that the power to fix qualifications for voting, uniformly applied to all persons, is a power plainly reserved to the States under Article I of the Constitution.... <br /><br />The proposed "Voting Rights Act of 1965," in the Commission's view, transcends the authority vested in Congress. Its key provisions are triggered not by discrimination on account of race or color, but by arbitrarily defined statistical phenomena....<br /><br />In our view, the President is proposing to deal unconstitutionally with unconstitutional acts, thus piling a large subversion on a small one. He is proposing to go far beyond the limits of discrimination "on account of" race or color, in order to spread upon the statute books a harsh and punitive measure of general application, more drastic than any voting legislation proposed since Reconstruction days. The bill would grievously undermine our federal system; it would open the door to the obliteration of all State powers in the field of State and local elections.<br /><br />We do not oppose the President's aim. Surely the indefensible conditions that provoked the Alabama demonstrations must be remedied. But we are convinced the job can be done by a carefully drawn bill, strictly confined to denials and abridgments by reason of race or color. Such a bill would have this Commission's support...."<br /><br />James J. Kilpatrick, Chairman, Committee on Publications<br />Richmond, April, 1965.<br /> <br /><br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=Virginia+Commission+on+Constitutional+Government" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Other VCCG publications">Other VCCG publications</a> in the Image Portal
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES <br /><br />The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. <br /><br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="RightsStatements.org">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/</a> <br /><br />Acknowledgement of the Virginia Historical Society as a source is requested.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a href="http://librarycatalog.virginiahistory.org/final/Portal/Default.aspx?component=AAAAIY&amp;record=76257a97-9be4-4971-b1b5-351eec5dcce9" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Search for this item in the Library Catalog">General collection, Call Number JK1861.V82 V6</a>, Library of the Virginia Museum of History and Culture, Virginia Historical Society
Relation
A related resource
Learn more: <br /><br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/exhibits/show/controlling-the-vote/gallery" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Discovery Set: Controlling the Vote">Controlling the Vote -- Rights. Registration. Representation.</a> Social Welfare History Image Portal<br /><a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/uncategorized/voting-rights-act-of-1965/" target="_blank" title="Introduction to the Voting Rights Act" rel="noreferrer noopener">Voting Rights Act of 1965. An Introduction</a>. <em>Social Welfare History Project </em> <br /><br />Hayter, J. M. (2017). <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1p0vjw7" target="_blank" title="The Dream is lost." rel="noreferrer noopener"><em>The dream is lost. Voting rights and the politics of race in Richmond, Virginia</em>.</a> Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky <br /><br />Moeser, J. V. & Dennis, R. M. (2020). <a href="https://doi.org/10.21974/02y5-eq41" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Open Access edition 2020"><em>The politics of annexation. Oligarchic power in a southern city.</em></a> Open Access Edition. Digital publisher: VCU Libraries. Original (1982) edition Cambridge, MA: Schenkman Publishing Company <br /><br />Hershman, J. H. Jr. <a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Massive_Resistance" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Massive Resistance">Massive Resistance</a>. (2011, June 29). <em>Encyclopedia Virginia</em>
Alabama
demonstrations
James J Kilpatrick
Legislation
protest
race
Reconstruction
Richmond
Virginia Commission on Constitutional Government
voter suppression
Voting
voting rights
Voting Rights Act 1965
-
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/d669ddf8c6785ec07f93434d155167b1.jpg
7764e309f752721a9766a1a64da7d27e
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/fe3582bbeb196beaa582f14ed7e45bab.jpg
36841e7a16c6559eba04feb2d25a4d14
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/66a178c9560cc6a2dcde65e7aa98c334.jpg
5224a483239569e3e638ce895d249727
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/2f0e3f11eb52c780d93695cd7039ff06.jpg
d319e2cb9468b0b23b5791c15c9134df
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/7a832bba3b53b5ae37968ec7eda04290.jpg
15d24cfdcde02a0d1f8cfdef1b3ab70f
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/0b08ae331d8602e65b32fbc175712231.jpg
a6dd92f47bcfc49ac763aeecd8f2eb96
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/3c600046ec30c05290b84850422fb137.jpg
401a40d7f2b3d7c052ca3b69d8665b28
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/031129b5c6098b95a8faa077bb359366.jpg
772925b2c8a89cc5ee52e8c59102263b
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/d502132ffb2cc139c780241ac0da9efa.jpg
7fe15d9911f655cc1f85bd819aa2d7f2
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
University of Minnesota Libraries
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Voting Rights Act...the first months
Description
An account of the resource
Within the first six weeks after the Voting Rights Act was signed into law, staff attorneys from the Commission on Civil Rights visited 32 Southern counties and parishes to study the implementation of the legislation. This document is their report, transmitted to the President, the President of the Senate, and the Speaker of the House of Representatives in November 1965. <br /><br />The Commission found widespread compliance, but also a need for further action. Their "Findings and Recommendations," along with the section titled, "Problems in Registration" are presented here. <br /><br />Read the report's <a href="https://umedia.lib.umn.edu/item/p16022coll391:4298/p16022coll391:4185?child_index=9&query=&sidebar_page=4" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="read the report's history of the Voting Rights Act of 1965">Chapter 1: History of the Voting Rights Act of 1965</a>. <br /><br />Excerpts: <br />p.34 Problems in Registration<br /><br />Some country registrars in Mississippi and Alabama have violated the new law by refusing to register illiterates....<br /><br />Delay has created a problem in Alabama and South Carolina, principally because these States have a restricted number of registration days. <br /><br />p. 35 In some counties in North Carolina, registrars conduct all but three days of registration in their own homes or places of business. Social and psychological barriers are likely to deter Negroes from seeking out a registrar in his exclusively white neighborhood.... <br /><br />Racial violence related to civil rights activities is another factor which has limited applications in some counties with examiners. The killing of seminarian <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Daniels" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="biographical information on Jonathan Daniels">Jonathan Daniels</a> in Lowndes Country, Alabama, on August 20 and the acquittal of his killer on September 30 appear to have been the single most important factor in reducing Negro applications in that county. It is symbolic of conditions there that a pick-up truck with a rifle visibly displayed has been parked daily immediately outside the examiner's office since the opening of the office. Registration workers in the country have reported increasing threats against their lives and continued efforts to intimidate resident Negro leaders.<br /><br />------<br /><br />This booklet on the Voting Rights Act was part of a resource file on civil rights and voting in the files of the National Federation of Settlements. The Federation was active in community organizing for social justice, voting, and civil rights. The <a href="https://umedia.lib.umn.edu/item/p16022coll391:4298/p16022coll391:4176" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="complete document and transcript">entire document along with a transcript</a> is available via the University of Minnesota Libraries, Social Welfare History Archives.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
United States Commission on Civil Rights
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a href="https://archives.lib.umn.edu/repositories/11/resources/2445" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="finding aid">National Federation of Settlements and Neighborhood Centers records</a> (<a href="https://umedia.lib.umn.edu/item/p16022coll391:4298/p16022coll391:4176" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="view this document">Box 169, Folder 3</a>), Social Welfare History Archives, University of Minnesota Libraries
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1965
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Social Welfare History Archives, University of Minnesota Libraries
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES<br /><br />The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. <br /><br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/</a>
African Americans
civil rights
discrimination
Legislation
literacy tests
poll tax
race
voter registration
voter suppression
Voting
voting rights
Voting Rights Act 1965
-
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/f39ead479438904531e4fe114a50ed2c.jpg
2af978def856762d7af714dccc7fea9b
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/880a50cf44db9cea40edd4ebed5fa19f.jpg
c39c6d1aac6e07508ecfb1824f013e13
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/849ce6b4155ad7676bc74dfb803d27af.jpg
d0853b57181d184857c3ff6fd56fc55c
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Candle. Vol. I, No. V, December 1957
Description
An account of the resource
Newsletter published by the Virginia State Conference-NAACP. The Candle's header shows two lighted candles and the motto, "It is Better to Light One Candle Than to Curse the Darkness."<br /><br />This issue includes reporting on the Virginia Political Action convention. Photographs of particiapnts in the Visual Aid Educational Political Action program show young people in costume and with props illustrating the importance of voting.<br /><br />Excerpts: <br /><br />Cover photograph captioned "The Three Presidents. 22 Years of Progressive Leadership. Dr. J. M. Tinsley of Richmond, president emeritus of the Virginia State Conference, congratulates Dr. Philip Y. Wyatt of Fredericksburg the newly elected Conference president as Dr. E. B. Henderson of Falls Church, retiring president looks on. Dr. Tinsley retired in 1955 after servicing as Conference president for 20 years. Dr. Henderson, after serving as president for two years could not stand for re-election because of a constitutional provision (adoped in 1955) prohibiting a third term."<br /><br />p.2 In our PAC work we have to keep going over the same points. In Virginia 26% of the adult population is colored, but we do not have a single Negro among the 100 Delegates in the General Assembly, nor among the 40 Senators. If we could get the majority of Negroes to vote our fight against segregation and discrimination would make real headway. <br /><br />There are three steps in getting Negroes to "count"; payment of poll taxes before the deadline, registration, and voting. Why don't more colored people vote? Some don't think it matters, some lack the education, some are fearful, and some just don't make the effort. We must keep hammering to get the deadlines met, to get older people who have never voted to overcome their shyness, to get citizens to study up on issues and candidates. We must inspire our teachers, ministers, and civic leaders to be voting citizens themselves and to preach the importance of using the ballot to win freedom.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
M 296 Box 2, <a href="http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/vcu/repositories/5/resources/577.oai_ead.xml" target="_blank" title="finding aid" rel="noreferrer noopener">John Mitchell Brooks collection of NAACP files, 1957-1960, 1978</a> James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1957 December
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
COPYRIGHT UNDETERMINED<br /><br />The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. <br /><br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/</a>
African Americans
elections
NAACP
news
poll tax
Virginia
voter registration
Voting
voting rights
youth
-
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/ce21fce05ef52f71e7e20d271a9bf0e5.jpg
d85bb838ae9b261b49dd8b48f78b1b50
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/01fbb782699607c812658fcceac05892.jpg
67ed450e51f33f99dfc84e6429b7fe49
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/adae995e01bf410c3d110ce236a0eb2c.jpg
8be1a2627affa0fbcb9d534e14249c53
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/56b2c26f367d29413bc25bfb5c61c242.jpg
f585f1ab1046c30f5fad9a9b6808a2ae
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/55b0ad3a8296d218922495e0588115aa.jpg
571be5b9f675f186623373f14078b37e
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/39fdefccdb96ab0aef8a52d2b0761efe.jpg
1923ff3397bedb7bf773f1ebaf0e9df6
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/58684d172aa242363a446d64ca3f845c.jpg
7bc74f27999ff6be166b2f76d25c0d03
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/8e8b507abbe54e0cc317cc197f79ed7c.jpg
39c2766d8e29ec93c4782193664ddae4
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/fbfc7643728e5f8efc65aab74962e519.jpg
2e233c2646f52a8d7d1ec70e1e5414f5
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/bc5a6a753258b294261e4325d1f73af6.jpg
3264dcabe10b9107f477bfde67745041
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Virginia Museum of History & Culture
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Every Man His Own Law [cover title: In those days there was no king in Israel...]
Description
An account of the resource
<span>This booklet was distributed by the Virginia Commission on Constitutional Government (VCCG) . Led by David J. Mays, a prominent lawyer and advisor to Virginia’s commission on the response to the <em>Brown v. Board of Education</em> decision, it advocated nationally for states’ rights and conservatism, and eventually distributed over 2 million published pamphlets, brochures and speeches. This booklet argues against the Voting Rights Act and describes demonstrations as looting and mobbery. </span><br /><br />Excerpts:<br /><br />EVERY MAN HIS OWN LAW. <br />A commentary by the Virginia Commission on Constitutional Government concerning the unparalleled lawlessness in the streets of the Nation today. The Appendix contains excerpts from the Constitution of the United States; the Virginia Bill of Rights; and excerpts from the Code of Virginia. Specifically covered are several sections of the Code of Virginia dealing with suppression of and punishment for riotous acts.<br /><br /><em>In those days there was no king in Israel: every man did that which was right in his own eyes. --JUDGES 21:25</em><br /><br />Forward: It seems necessary and appropriate, however, to devote one pamphlet to a protest against the current unparalleled lawlessness that has plagued many of our cities, and which, if continued, would destroy those very liberties which the rioters profess to cherish but seek to gain through lawless acts.<br /><br />p.6 The ballot box is secret and is made accessible to those who have no property qualifications whatsoever and pay no taxes of any kind; and to those who cannot even read the comics. The most ignorant now has the same voice as the philosopher--often much greater because of the weight of minorities in key states in presidential elections. <br /><br />p.8 The American people are long-suffering and will tolerate repeated abuses; but a time comes when they rise in wrath to stamp them out. When they do, no minority group can resiste them, no matter what means it employs. <br /><br />p.9 They are insurrections against government. And it is no longer a matter of race, because some white hoodlums join in the loot, and the property taken and destroyed belongs to Negroes as well as to whites. It is the attack of the lowest of our citizens against any who may have achieved some measure of economic success.... <br /><br />It is to our shame that police officers have been ordered to shoot only in self-defense while mobs run wild, committing every excess. <br /><br />p.10 If they [police] are inadequate to quell insurrection, and if National Guard units may be too thin to put down several mobs at the same time, then we must organize, arm, and train home guard units in all our cities, composed of law-abiding citizens of both races. <br /><br />Mobbery has no place in free America. It must be destroyed.<br /><br /><br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=Virginia+Commission+on+Constitutional+Government" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Other VCCG publications">Other VCCG publications</a> in the Image Portal
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a href="http://librarycatalog.virginiahistory.org/final/Portal/Default.aspx?component=AAAAIY&amp;record=76257a97-9be4-4971-b1b5-351eec5dcce9" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Search VMHC for this item">General collection. Call number K 49 V75 E8</a>. Library of the Virginia Museum of History and Culture, Virginia Historical Society
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES <br />The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. <br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/</a><br /><br />Acknowledgement of the Virginia Historical Society as a source is requested.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1967 October
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Virginia Museum of History and Culture, Virginia Historical Society
Relation
A related resource
Learn more: <br /><br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/exhibits/show/controlling-the-vote/gallery" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Discovery Set: Controlling the Vote">Controlling the Vote -- Rights. Registration. Representation.</a> Social Welfare History Image Portal<br /><br /><a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/uncategorized/voting-rights-act-of-1965/" target="_blank" title="Introduction to the Voting Rights Act" rel="noreferrer noopener">Voting Rights Act of 1965. An Introduction</a>. <em>Social Welfare History Project </em> <br /><br />Hershman, J. H. Jr. <a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Massive_Resistance" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Massive Resistance">Massive Resistance</a>. (2011, June 29). <em>Encyclopedia Virginia <br /><br /><br /></em>
civil rights
demonstrations
law enforcement
police
protest
VCCG
violence
Virginia
Virginia Commission on Constitutional Government
Voting
voting rights
Voting Rights Act 1965
-
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/5d101c2ce1cbe97d69e93c925c85a6c7.jpg
78a590162f4599df6951af05db34aa64
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/3f5e26fb7a112ac434f3577774dbb428.jpg
2807a45fa9c1710909e427dce4288968
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/281ac3154e9baeaf48a351a0e119c86d.jpg
4aa0f57ba6c22ecaf3f6f7502be1898a
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/05abf69ac8f627564aeb4ce7c77b3f62.jpg
0bde70d563b841cf1876d402d4008d70
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
University of Minnesota Libraries
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Literacy and the Right to Vote. CLSA Reports: Information Bulletin, No. 2, May 15, 1962.
Description
An account of the resource
This information bulletin is a publication of the Commission on Law and Social Action of the <a href="https://ajcongress.org/about/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="American Jewish Congress website">American Jewish Congress</a>. The four-page document, written by CLSA director <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/1993/06/07/obituaries/leo-pfeffer-83-lawyer-on-staff-of-the-american-jewish-congress.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="New York Times obituary of Leo Pfeffer ">Leo Pfeffer</a>, discusses the topic of literacy tests and voter registration, particularly as a tool of discrimination against Black and immigrant voting. Pfeffer also considers literacy in languages other than English. <br /><br />This American Jewish Congress bulletin is from the National Conference of Christians and Jews, Religious Freedom and Public Affairs Project and is part of a resource files on discrimination in voting. It discusses the use of literacy tests as a means to prevent voting. <br /><br /><br />Excerpts: <br />p.1 Today, however there is no widespread demand that literacy tests for voters be completely abolished. What is in issue is the use of such tests to discriminate against members of minority ethnic groups. The major victims in the South are the Negroes and in New York Puerto Ricans who are literate only in Spanish and Jews literate only in Yiddish. <br /><br />It is no accident that literacy tests should be so popular in the South. Their origin is to be found in the search by the Southern states to find ways to defeat the objective of the 15th Amendment which sought to secure the Negro's right to vote. Among other (e.g., poll tax, white promaries, etc.) the literacy test was hit upon as such a device. While this did effectively bar the polls to many Negroes, it had the disadvantage from the Southerner's viewpoint of also disenfranchising many whites who likewise were illiterate. To get around this, the "grandfather clause" was invented. This was a provision in the statute which exempted from the requirement of literacy anyone who was a descendant of a person who voted before 1866, in effect meaning any white person. <br /><br />p.2 Typical of the administration of literacy tests in the South is the explanation given by a Louisiana registrar to an investigator of the Civil Right Commission for her practice of asking for constitutional interpretations only from Negro applicants: "Usually, I find that the white people are more intelligent along those lines and I very seldom ask them; but some of the colored people -- I can determine by the way they fill out their card that they are not intelligent in these respects." <br /><br />To meet this problem the Civil Rights Commission unanimously recommended that any state law requirement of literacy as a prerequisite to the right to vote shall be deemed satisfied if the applicant shows that he completed six years of instruction in elementary school. A number of measures along this line have been introduced in Congress. <br /><br />p.3 Southern spokesmen argue that these bills are unconstitutional because they interfere with states rights. They contend that if a Negro is discriminated against his only relief is to sue in the courts. <br />However, both the 14th and 15th Amendments specifically provide that Congress shall have the power to enforce their provisions by appropriate legislation....Enactment by Congress of the proposal recommended by the Civil Rights Commission would show that Congress realizes that it too shares responsibility in the struggle for equality. <br /><br /><br />p. 4 There is a valid reason to deny the right to vote to persons who have not yet reached the age of maturity, or to those whose limited mental capacities render them unable to handle their own affairs. There is no valid reason to deny the ballot to a person who is competent to exercise intelligent judgment in respect to the issues of the day and the candidates for public office simply because he acquired his knowledge in one rather than another language.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<span><a href="https://archives.lib.umn.edu/repositories/11/resources/2434" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="finding aid">National Conference of Christians and Jews records (SW0092)</a>. </span><a href="https://umedia.lib.umn.edu/item/p16022coll453:11061/p16022coll453:11057?child_index=19&query=&sidebar_page=7" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://umedia.lib.umn.edu/item/p16022coll453:11061?q%3D%2522Voting%2Brights%2522&source=gmail&ust=1596631787427000&usg=AFQjCNE-srMJQt7FYy6BeuKGvSaecsHldQ" rel="noopener" title="University of Minnesota Libraries UMedia digital collections">Special Projects. Religious Freedom and Public Affairs Project. Discrimination in Voting. (Box 18, Folder 19)</a> Social Welfare History Archives, University of Minnesota Libraries
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1962 May 15
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Social Welfare History Archives, University of Minnesota Libraries
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Commission on Law and Social Action of the American Jewish Congress
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES<br /><br />The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. <br /><br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/</a>
African Americans
American Jewish Congress
civil rights
CLSA
Commission on Law and Social Action
Leo Pfeffer
literacy tests
voter suppression
Voting
voting rights
-
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/c860dd3a4f6ad30db6cbcd133a6ae6da.jpg
b7687545d956691c4a5b7b1b5c00a4d7
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/ce8a7661271ffe47c6b0ccdd94ffd9d4.jpg
adb8cf2cca192dd51af21609e539c439
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/3177de53d62776d4c9df765b4673fab3.jpg
9074518371df9054f7968aeb153f5dfb
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/7963f2ebbe30862cbda2df909b4c037a.jpg
de30a61b80022e6323e31454231f0e2a
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/821933a6c30dc41c905177d3fd6b9e71.jpg
37ec6af2008d08ff994934a7540ac624
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
University of Minnesota Libraries
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
SCLC Crusade for the Vote: To Double the Negro Vote in the South [Southern Christian Leadership Conference brochure]
Description
An account of the resource
Brochure distributed by the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) which describes and promotes the "Crusade for the Ballot. To Double the Negro Vote in the South." The campaign aimed to double the number of registered Black voters in the South and to educate and stimulate these citizens to exercise the vote. <br /><br />Page 3 of the brochure states that this goal will be achieved by educating and stimulating Black citizens to vote. Organizing communities, bipartisanship, and non-violence. <br /><br />SCLC leadership at this time included Martin Luther King, Jr. President, Wyatt Tee Walker, Executive Director, and Atty. I. M. Augustine, General Counsel. <br /><br />The pamphlet is from the <a href="https://umedia.lib.umn.edu/item/p16022coll453:11061" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="additional materials ">National Conference of Christians and Jews, Religious Freedom and Public Affairs Project</a>, and is part of a resource file on discrimination in voting. It discusses voter suppression tactics and lists ways to counter them and increase voter registration and participation. <br /><br /><br />Excerpts: <br /><br />p. 2 <br />THE FACTS<br />(1) Over 5 million Negros of voting age live in the South.<br />(2) Only 25% of adult Negroes vote compared with 60% white adults.<br />(3) Purges of voter lists, "slowdowns" by registrars, opening the registration office only one of two days a month and at hours that are not helpful for working people; and<br />(4) Open intimidation by some plantation bosses and many local officials, all play a part in discouraging the Negro Citizen from becoming a registered voter. <br /><br />As a result, "Government by consent of the governed," upon which our nation was founded in 1776, is a goal still to be made a reality in most of the South today. <br /><br />Most of the present crop of Southern Senators and Congressmen will oppose and fillibuster all legislation designed to protect the voting rights of citizens of this region. <br /><br />YOU CAN CHANGE THIS SITUATION <br />Despite these obstacles Negro citizens are struggling daily to double the number of voters and to obtain representation in government. <br />Even the most die-hard segregationist in public office can be made to respect voting power. Furthermore, we know there are many liberal white citizens in the South who count on the Negro votes to increase enough for liberal voice to be heard in the government. <br />The whole nation will benefit from an enlarged Negro vote in the South. This area of our country CAN elect men and women of good will and a sense of justice to Congress and to local state legislatures. <br />Let all who believe in Freedom and Human Dignity join in this great Crusade for The Ballot Now!! <br /><br />p. 3 In Unity There Is Strength. No narrow partisan interest must be allowed to divide us. In reaching a cross section of the Negro community, the Crusade will move across party lines. It is for the good of the local community that all civic, church, fraternal and other organizations <br /><br />p. 4 <br />"The goal of the Freedom Movement in the South can be summed up in 3 words: All, Here, and Now <br />We want all of our rights as citizens (not just some rights); <br />We want them here, in the Deep South, and <br />We want them now" <br /> -Martin Luther King, Jr. <br /><br />When you have finished reading this, please pass it on to a member of the family, a neighbor or a friend.<br /><br /><a href="https://umedia.lib.umn.edu/item/p16022coll453:11061" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="University of Minnesota Libraries collections">Full transcript and other related items</a> via University of Minnesota Libraries, Social Welfare History Archives.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Southern Christian Leadership Conference
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Social Welfare History Archives, University of Minnesota Libraries
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a href="https://archives.lib.umn.edu/repositories/11/resources/2434" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="finding aid">National Conference of Christians and Jews records (SW0092)</a>. <a href="https://umedia.lib.umn.edu/item/p16022coll453:11061" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://umedia.lib.umn.edu/item/p16022coll453:11061?q%3D%2522Voting%2Brights%2522&source=gmail&ust=1596631787427000&usg=AFQjCNE-srMJQt7FYy6BeuKGvSaecsHldQ" rel="noopener" title="Univ. of Minnesota Libraries UMedia site for this document">Special Projects. Religious Freedom and Public Affairs Project. Discrimination in Voting. (Box 18, Folder 19)</a>. Social Welfare History Archives, University of Minnesota Libraries.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1962-1963
Relation
A related resource
Learn more: <br /><br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/exhibits/show/controlling-the-vote/gallery" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Discovery Set. Controlling the Vote">Controlling the Vote -- Rights. Registration. Representation.</a> Social Welfare History Image Portal
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES<br /><br />The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. <br /><br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/</a>
African Americans
ballot box
Crusade for the Vote
Georgia
Martin Luther King Jr.
race
Southern Christian Leadership Conference
voter registration
Voting
voting rights
-
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/fd1b2c3ee4c1de839169de29b185e797.jpg
bbce1d08ff168fb026c339ef5dc73eca
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/a3dddc34125a8659afb171769703910a.jpg
5c5f27c08a4d5a63cf5febae1067cd24
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/1d079570b21c172d58eb9fbbf1834ca6.jpg
0a427f54f6fd8a5c6dc2e4bbf10b939c
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/5bf1ba0966d2f206fd471f61b7a7df01.jpg
563ce85ddc6d79842485ac94e1b28964
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/fa1687a95a0c139680435f1de7635795.jpg
160e18a4afe4d454b326d3bc9b80f589
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/34fc9e9401146e7474b5568c73f5f0e2.jpg
b3c13020953770650143130f47d9fb63
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/a328190c41891d37300a615686962eaa.jpg
fd120bcac8279dffa915763f6fa1b126
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/f312d305aa8e8c2dee7fe4b6c72576e3.jpg
e70279005f6fbcc1d8f29724473a8abe
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/2bce939bad34fcac7396636ff4abc25f.jpg
2b640009dfebc51bb0b091d8293d9505
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/10187221c1e70843f7039e02a2ff14ad.jpg
17c7e58fafcb228e33696c3962a032c6
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/0358d6121c25c31c85730216e39eeeb6.jpg
3c06561e60b34fa2af153c860ab28012
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/96965de7d88ca0048c1ae8e3a208df76.jpg
f02c275ea31aa85397160f4b1901d1a1
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Virginia Museum of History & Culture
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Constitutionality of the Voting Rights Act of 1965; a response to the Attorney General of the United States...
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Button, Robert Y.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Virginia Commission on Constitutional Government
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1965
Description
An account of the resource
This booklet was distributed by the Virginia Commission on Constitutional Government (VCCG) in opposition to the Voting Rights Act of 1965. The Commission began in 1958 and existed until the late 1960s. <br /><br />Led by David J. Mays, a prominent lawyer and advisor to Virginia’s commission on the response to the <em>Brown v. Board of Education</em> decision, it advocated nationally for states’ rights and conservatism, and eventually distributed over 2 million published pamphlets, brochures and speeches. <em>The Constitutionality of the Voting Rights Act of 1965</em> argues against the Voting Rights Act. Robert Y. Button (Virginia’s Attorney General at the time) made a typical VCCG argument in stating that the Act “attempted to erode the basic concepts of constitutional government in which the individual States are acknowledged to be sovereign” and is “patently unconstitutional.” <br /><br />Excerpts: <br /><br />pp. 8-9 "the Supreme Court of the United States has repeatedly declared that a State is free to conduct its elections and limit its electorate as it may deem wise, except as its actions may be affected by the prohibitions of the Federal Constitution, and that the power of Congress to legistlate at all the subject of racial discrimination in voting rests upon the Fifteenth Amendment and extends only to the prevention by appropriate legistlation of the discriminatiion forbidden by that Amendment..."<br /><br />p. 14 "I do believe, however, -- as Mr. Justice Harlan made clear...that the Framers of the Constitution:<br /><br />'staked their faith that liberty would proper in the new Nation not primarily upon declarations of individual rights <em>but upon the kind of government the Union was to have. </em>And they determined that in <em>a government of divided powers</em> lay the best promise for realizing the free society it was their object to achieve.' (Italics supplied [by Button]. <br /><br />One aspect of this governmental edifice which the Framers sought to erect, and which H. R. 6400 would manifestly subvert, was the distribution of power between the Nation and the States, each supreme within its sphere, thus forming an indestructible Union of indestructible States." <br /><br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=Virginia+Commission+on+Constitutional+Government" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Other publications by the VCCG">Other VCCG publications</a> in the Image Portal
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a href="http://librarycatalog.virginiahistory.org/final/Portal/Default.aspx?component=AAAAIY&amp;record=76257a97-9be4-4971-b1b5-351eec5dcce9" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Search for this item in the Library Catalog">General collection, Call Number JK1861.V82 B8</a>, Library of the Virginia Museum of History and Culture, Virginia Historical Society
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Virginia Museum of History and Culture, Virginia Historical Society
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES <br /><br />The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. <br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/</a><br /><br />Acknowledgement of the Virginia Historical Society as a source is requested.
Relation
A related resource
Learn more: <br /><br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/exhibits/show/controlling-the-vote/gallery" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Discovery Set: Controlling the Vote">Controlling the Vote -- Rights. Registration. Representation.</a> Social Welfare History Image Portal<br /><a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/uncategorized/voting-rights-act-of-1965/" target="_blank" title="Introduction to the Voting Rights Act" rel="noreferrer noopener">Voting Rights Act of 1965. An Introduction</a>. <em>Social Welfare History Project </em> <br /><br />Hayter, J. M. (2017). <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1p0vjw7" target="_blank" title="The Dream is lost." rel="noreferrer noopener"><em>The dream is lost. Voting rights and the politics of race in Richmond, Virginia</em>.</a> Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky <br /><br />Moeser, J. V. & Dennis, R. M. (2020). <a href="https://doi.org/10.21974/02y5-eq41" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Open Access edition 2020"><em>The politics of annexation. Oligarchic power in a southern city.</em></a> Open Access Edition. Digital publisher: VCU Libraries. Original (1982) edition Cambridge, MA: Schenkman Publishing Company <br /><br />Hershman, J. H. Jr. <a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Massive_Resistance" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Massive Resistance">Massive Resistance</a>. (2011, June 29). <em>Encyclopedia Virginia</em>
African Americans
Constitutional law
David J. Mays
elections
Legislation
Robert Y. Button
states rights
VCCG
Virginia
Virginia Commission on Constitutional Government
Voting
voting rights
Voting Rights Act 1965
-
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/f865162709155c68cae7b63f208ab1dd.jpg
62efebaedd81a62f25db275d7e9539af
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/903ba677e06c4c9422e67da31120ebaa.jpg
739b056a0202d326e05c910f29ddd984
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
"You Gotta Believe It" Your One Vote Does Count. [Crusade for Voters pamphlet]
Description
An account of the resource
Front and back covers of a four-page pamphlet created by the Crusade for Voters, Richmond, Va. The circular logo on the front cover shows a family of color with an American flag. Surrounding them is the slogan, "Every member of our family is a voter." Other text on the page says, "'You Gotta Believe It' Your One Vote Does Count. In Unity There is Strength." <br /><br />p.4 excerpts<br /><br />The black vote could be vital in many councilmanic elections, congressional elections, and even in the presidential election.<br /><br />If there is one who has not seen the value of the vote, take him by the hand and get him registered. He could be your next door neighbor, your husband, your wife, a member of your church, club, or organization. Wherever you find him, get him registered! <br /><br />By using your votes wisely -- voting for the right people -- impossible doors will be opened. The power of the people is at the Ballot Box -- Vote. <br /><br />At page bottom: <br />Published by the Crusade for Voters -- a non partisan organization in the interest of increasing the Voter Registration and Education.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
M 296, Box 2, <a href="http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/vcu/repositories/5/resources/577.oai_ead.xml" target="_blank" title="finding aid" rel="noreferrer noopener">John Mitchell Brooks collection of NAACP files, 1957-1960, 1978</a>, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Crusade for Voters, Richmond, Va.
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
COPYRIGHT UNDETERMINED<br /><br />The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. <br /><br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/</a>
Relation
A related resource
Learn more: <br /><br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/exhibits/show/controlling-the-vote/gallery" target="_blank" title="Discovery set, SWH Image Portal" rel="noreferrer noopener">Controlling the Vote: Rights. Registration. Representation.</a> Social Welfare History Image Portal <br /><br />Hayter, J. M. (2017). <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1p0vjw7" target="_blank" title="jstor" rel="noreferrer noopener">The dream is lost. Voting rights and the politics of race in Richmond, Virginia.</a> Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky <br /><br />Moeser, J. V. & Dennis, R. M. (2020). <a href="https://doi.org/10.21974/02y5-eq41" target="_blank" title="Open Access Edition 2020" rel="noreferrer noopener">The politics of annexation. Oligarchic power in a southern city.</a> Open Access Edition. Digital publisher: VCU Libraries. Original (1982) edition Cambridge, MA: Schenkman Publishing Company<br /><br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=voter+registration" target="_blank" title="items tagged 'voter registration'" rel="noreferrer noopener">Voter registration</a>, Social Welfare History Image Portal<br /><br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=voting+rights" target="_blank" title="materials tagged 'voting rights'" rel="noreferrer noopener">Voting rights</a>, Social Welfare History Image Portal
African Americans
Crusade for Voters
elections
Richmond
Virginia
voter registration
Voting
voting rights
-
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/07520a073b9104b23401230794decad6.jpg
6471f7680ce321986c8252df2b0edb52
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Virginia Museum of History & Culture
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Jefferson Ward: List of Qualified Voters, Election Tuesday, November 7, 1933
Description
An account of the resource
<p>This 1933 booklet provides “a list of persons in Jefferson Ward in the City of Richmond, who have paid their State Poll Taxes.” Poll taxes were enacted by many southern states after Reconstruction to suppress African American voting. Such taxes were a precondition for voting and thus disenfranchised those who could not pay the fee. <br /><br />Use of the poll tax in federal elections was abolished with the passage of the Twenty-fourth Amendment in 1964, and in state-level elections by the 1966 Supreme Court decision in <em>Harper v. Virginia Board of Elections</em>. <br /><br />The booklet is divided into “WHITE” voters, listed in the first 274 pages, and “COLORED” voters, listed on pages 275 to 304.</p>
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Unknown, but presumably “H. L. Hulce, Treasurer of the City of Richmond, Virginia,” who swore “that the foregoing is a true list,” as described on page 305.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a href="http://librarycatalog.virginiahistory.org/final/Portal/Default.aspx?component=AAAAIY&record=76257a97-9be4-4971-b1b5-351eec5dcce9">General collection, Call Number F233.69 .J3</a>, Library of the Virginia Museum of History and Culture, Virginia Historical Society
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1933
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Virginia Museum of History and Culture, Virginia Historical Society
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
<p>NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</p>
<p>The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. <br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/</a><br /><br /> Acknowledgement of the Virginia Historical Society as a source is requested.</p>
Relation
A related resource
Learn more: <br /><br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/exhibits/show/controlling-the-vote/gallery" target="_blank" title="Discovery Set" rel="noreferrer noopener">Controlling the Vote -- Rights. Registration. Representation</a>. Discovery Set, Social Welfare History Image Portal<br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=poll+tax" target="_blank" title="items related to poll taxes" rel="noreferrer noopener">Poll tax materials</a>, Social Welfare History Image Portal <br />Tarter, B. <a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Poll_Tax#start_entry" target="_blank" title="Poll Tax" rel="noreferrer noopener">Poll Tax</a>, Encyclopedia Virginia
African Americans
disenfranchisement
elections
Jefferson Ward
Jim Crow
poll tax
Richmond
Virginia
voter registration
Voting
-
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/6b5caa93380ab14b65f4163b8e07bec1.jpg
b403a7d61b63ae2dece6056c849e6b33
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/e51958c69c64b28137852ac52922c96c.jpg
03b484c83a26db9e4d216537467ef54b
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Virginia Museum of History & Culture
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Laws of Virginia with Regard to Women Contrasted with Laws Where Women Vote [Equal Suffrage League handbill]
Description
An account of the resource
This sheet compares Virginia laws pertaining to women with those of states where female suffrage already had been approved. Arranged in two contrasting columns, the sheet presents twelve points and includes an Equal Suffrage League of Virginia enrollment form on the second page. Laws covered include those relating to property rights, inheritance, and parental guardianship.<br /><br />The League was founded in 1909 and included prominent women such as Adèle Clark, Ellen Glasgow, Mary Johnston, Mary Munford, Nora Houston, and Lila Meade Valentine (the league’s first president). After a decade of failure to convince Virginia’s representatives that women should have the vote, the League switched focus to winning Congressional passage of the Nineteenth Amendment. <br />
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Equal Suffrage League of Virginia
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a href="http://librarycatalog.virginiahistory.org/final/Portal/Default.aspx?component=AAAAIY&record=f3b8ddd0-07da-4565-a2bd-a3e347b7b058">Rare Books, Call Number JK1901 .L42 1910z</a>, Library of the Virginia Museum of History and Culture, Virginia Historical Society
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1910s
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Virginia Museum of History and Culture, Virginia Historical Society
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
<p>NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</p>
<p>The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. <br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/</a><br /><br /> Acknowledgement of the Virginia Historical Society as a source is requested.</p>
elections
Equal Suffrage League
Richmond
suffrage
Virginia
Voting
Women Voters
women's history
-
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/ab3c22ced7a011cb5c49de88eccc4e02.jpg
d650585fcb43f64e8ec9c588545cc96a
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/11b74a2b618da08a555797288c6f6a8a.jpg
bc1cee078f1759f57deff2718875b671
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/afa5d1b79f637294a6138c7924cf8fb3.jpg
4e59ee52b3ef92b9cd90d7021cc3e39e
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/4748c6afccd959f1ec0b1c2f2253d051.jpg
758ae9ddb051b656f6b78a0e1517d6c8
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/1066fc04ae006ffa8eeaf6aed2425b7f.jpg
a28674170a9f49de8f08e99757b3cc2a
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/30e99e35e90f41a233bf38372b94c753.jpg
3d7846e6026f5121786385669f715f50
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/a590885cd89bea34cbaffbcd564c226f.jpg
5016352e40dadeb7c072115626c3d633
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Virginia Museum of History & Culture
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Voting Status of Negroes in Virginia and Procedures and Requirements for Voting in Virginia
Description
An account of the resource
This 1944 booklet is the Virginia Voters League’s fifth annual report. The League began in 1941 and worked with the NAACP in advocating for increased African American participation at the polls. It was led by <a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Jackson_Luther_Porter_1892-1950#start_entry" target="_blank" title="Encyclopedia Virgina entry on Jackson" rel="noreferrer noopener">Luther P. Jackson</a>, an historian and civil rights advocate who formed the Petersburg League of Negro Voters in 1935, which developed into the Virginia Voters League. The booklet details African American voting strength and includes instructions for voter registration. <br /><br />At this time in Virginia, the payment of a poll tax for three consequtive years was a requirement for voting. The booklet notes that in 1943, the number of blacks who met the poll tax requirement was 32,504. That number increased to 41,579 in 1944. Nevertheless, those numbers represent only 9 to 11 per cent of Virginia blacks of voting age, or expressed another way, about 89 per cent of blacks were disqualified from voting in 1944. <br /><br />Excerpts:<br /><br />Title page: "With grant-in-aid of publication by the Virginia State Teachers Association, Virginia branches of the N.A.A.C.P., Virginia lodges of Elks, the Eureka Lodge of Norfolk, Virginia chapters of Greek letter fraternities and sororities, and the Virginia Negro Organization Society." <br /><br />p. 4 <br /><strong>Foreward</strong><br />This fifth annual report of the Virginia Voters League defines the voting status of Negroes in Virginia as of May 7, 1944, the last day for paying the poll tax in order to have voted in the ensuing August primary and the November election. In order to satisfy the demand for a statement of voting requirements in Virginia and other states this handbook devotes a section to this topic also. <br /><br />To all persons who seek to advance the political status of Negroes and to observe racial trends on suffrage in Virginia this publication may serve as a guide. <br /><br />The compiler of this report is again deeply indebted to the 124 county and city court clerks in Virginia for furnishing the data on poll tax paying either by letter or by sending the poll tax list itself. Every county and city is included in this report because every clerk cooperated. <br /><br /><strong>SLOGAN</strong><br /><strong>Pay the poll tax in order to abolish the poll tax. </strong>
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Jackson, Luther P.
Virginia Voters League
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
General collection, <a href="http://librarycatalog.virginiahistory.org/final/portal.aspx?lang=en-US" target="_blank" title="Search VMHC collections" rel="noreferrer noopener">JK1929.V8 V8 1944</a>, Library of the Virginia Museum of History and Culture, Virginia Historical Society
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1944
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Virginia Museum of History and Culture, Virginia Historical Society
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES<br /><br />The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. <br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/</a><br /><br />Acknowledgement of the Virginia Historical Society as a source is requested.
Relation
A related resource
Learn more: <br /><br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/exhibits/show/controlling-the-vote/gallery" target="_blank" title="Controlling the Vote. Image Portal" rel="noreferrer noopener">Controlling the Vote -- Rights. Registration. Representation.</a> Discovery Set, Social Welfare History Image Portal <br /><br />Dennis, M. <a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Jackson_Luther_Porter_1892-1950#start_entry" target="_blank" title="Luther Porter Jackson biography" rel="noreferrer noopener">Luther Porter Jackson (1892–1950)</a>. <em>Encyclopedia Virginia </em><br /><br />"<a href="https://www.progress-index.com/news/20190625/va-highway-marker-honors-creators-of-virginia-voters-league-in-petersburg" target="_blank" title="newspaper article" rel="noreferrer noopener">Va. highway marker honors creators of Virginia Voters League in Petersburg</a>" <em>The Progress-Index <br /> <br /></em><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=poll+tax" target="_blank" title="other materials related to the poll tax" rel="noreferrer noopener">Poll tax</a>, Social Welfare History Image Portal
African Americans
elections
Luther P. Jackson
NAACP
Negro Organization Society
poll tax
Richmond
Virginia
Virginia State Teachers Association
Virginia Voters League
voter registration
Voting
voting rights
-
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/0dbab56fd8631ca749470fa45b90f37f.jpg
bafb240c3acc70d537991f493175e557
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
A 100 Per Cent Opinion! [editorial cartoon by Fred O. Seibel]
Description
An account of the resource
Editorial cartoon by Fred O. Seibel for <em>The Knickerbocker Press.</em> Mounted and identified as no. 929. <br /><br />The cartoon was created in April 1920 after duly-elected assemblymen were expelled from the New York State Assembly. The Speaker of the Senate at the time was Republican Thaddeus C. Sweet. The socialist lawmakers were August Claessens and Louis Waldman of Manhattan; Charles Solomon of Brooklyn; and Samuel Orr and Samuel A. DeWitt of the Bronx. <br /><br />Image Description: <br /><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thaddeus_C._Sweet" target="_blank" title="Thaddeus C. Sweet - Wikipedia article" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thaddeus C. Sweet</a> sits at a desk covered in papers. <br /><br /><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Evans_Hughes" target="_blank" title="Who was Charles E. Hughes?" rel="noreferrer noopener">Charles E. Hughes</a> addresses Speaker Sweet saying, "I deeply regret the action of the Assembly in suspending five members of the Socialist Party who were duly elected. Are Socialists, unconvicted of crime, to be denied the ballot? If Socialists are permitted to vote, are they not permitted to vote for their own candidates?"<br /><br />In the lower left corner "Moses Crow" says, "The people still believe in the ballot box!"
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
M 23, Box 3, cartoon no. 929, <a target="_blank" title="finding aid" href="https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vcu-cab/vircu00068.xml" rel="noreferrer noopener">Frederick Otto Seibel papers, 1882-1968</a>. James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1920
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
Relation
A related resource
Learn more: <br /><br />Confessore, Nicholas (2009 October 21) <a href="https://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/10/21/when-the-assembly-expelled-socialists-for-disloyalty/" target="_blank" title="New York Times archives" rel="noreferrer noopener">When the Assembly Expelled Socialists For Disloyalty</a> <em>The New York Times. </em>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
NO KNOWN COPYRIGHT<br /><br />The organization that has made the Item available reasonably believes that the Item is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use.<br /><br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/" target="_blank" title="Rights Statement" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/</a> <br /><br />Please acknowledge VCU Libraries as a source.
cartoon
Charles E. Hughes
Fred O. Seibel
New York
socialism
Thaddeus C. Sweet
voter suppression
Voting
-
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/43d95fcfd540757f0c3ae62db2bd82e6.jpg
b67b08da2e53117dead04c1351cb9192
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/a2e3597cc900fe7b6d2e0a15c3efd878.jpg
cbba75f7d79c36f248cb87fc3a2dc488
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/f551248a111303c80ed1e76bcb45a1d2.jpg
5873602bea7da0c4ed25f6016957e386
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/11c7042f95e075fe3c0ebc54a37a3089.jpg
4d68f9c67dce7ee87e6d1e94d721cecc
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Headquarters News Letter, Vol. II, No. V, May 15, 1916. National American Woman Suffrage Association
Description
An account of the resource
Newsletter published by the National American Woman Suffrage Association. <br /><br />Editorial cartoon on cover by <a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=C.+D.+Batchelor" target="_blank" title="Materials related to C.D. Batchelor" rel="noreferrer noopener">C. D. Batchelor</a> is captioned, "IF YOU WOULD HAVE A FRIEND, <span style="text-decoration:underline;">BE ONE!</span>" It shows a woman (suffrage) standing with her arms draped over a donkey (at left) and an elephant (at right). Two banners are crossed behind her: "St. Louis (walk less) Suffrage Parade" and "Chicago Suffrage Parade." <br /><br />The article on pp. 6-7 "All aboard for Chicago!" begins "Chicago will be the suffrage center of the United States on June 7th." The article continues, "In the parade, which promises to be the biggest ever held in the Middle West, will be delegations of women from all parts of the country, bouyantly marching behind bands of martial music and keeping step to the beat of a single thought--that of impressing upon the masculine voters of this country the necessity of having the National Republican Convention insert an equal suffrage plank in its national party platform."
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
National American Woman Suffrage Association
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
M 9 Box 49, <a href="http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/vcu/repositories/5/resources/279.oai_ead.xml" target="_blank" title="finding aid" rel="noreferrer noopener">Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978</a>, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1916 May 15
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
NO KNOWN COPYRIGHT<br /><br />The organization that has made the Item available reasonably believes that the Item is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. <br /><br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/</a> <br /><br />Acknowledgment of VCU Libraries as a source is requested.
Relation
A related resource
Learn more: <br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=National+American+Woman+Suffrage+Association" target="_blank" title="materials related to NAWSA" rel="noreferrer noopener">National American Woman Suffrage Association</a>, Social Welfare History Image Portal <br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=cartoon" target="_blank" title="See more editorial cartoons" rel="noreferrer noopener">Editorial cartoons</a>, Social Welfare History Image Portal
C. D. Batchelor
cartoon
Chicago
Illinois
National American Woman Suffrage Association
news
suffrage
suffrage periodicals
Voting
women's history
-
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/ec60073a24d2f2a00441f27f9bc04d06.jpg
55f2fec5ad58335cdf9d127080803198
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Our Genius for Self-Government [editorial cartoon by Ding Darling]
Description
An account of the resource
Editorial cartoon by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ding_Darling" target="_blank" title="Jay Norwood "Ding" Darling" rel="noreferrer noopener">Ding Darling</a>, reprinted from the <em>New York Tribune</em> by the New York League of Women Voters to encourage voter turnout for the 1924 presidential election. <br /><br />Image Description: In the top panel throngs of people line a city street. The caption reads, "The crowd that gathers when some 'human fly' announces that he will climb a skyscraper." Below two caucus leaders address a nearly empty room. The caption reads, "The crowd that gathers at the caucus which is to express the community's wish on the selection of a Presidential candidate."
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Darling, Jay Norwood
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
M 9 Box 81, <a href="http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/vcu/repositories/5/resources/279.oai_ead.xml" target="_blank" title="finding aid" rel="noreferrer noopener">Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978</a>, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
New York League of Women Voters
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1924
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
COPYRIGHT UNDETERMINED<br /><br />The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. <br /><br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/</a>
Relation
A related resource
Learn more: <br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/exhibits/show/controlling-the-vote/gallery" target="_blank" title="Discovery Set, Controlling the Vote" rel="noreferrer noopener">Controlling the Vote -- Rights. Registration. Representation.</a> Discovery Set, Social Welfare History Image Portal
cartoon
Ding Darling
elections
Jay Norwood Darling
League of Women Voters
New York
voter registration
Voting
-
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/db36277566485a6cc0ea5ffdcb2ea9e1.jpg
2bd50c69f8ee21b3b16934f803fc1319
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Register! Vote!
Description
An account of the resource
Poster reprinted from <em>Collier's </em>encouraging qualified citizens to register and vote in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1924_United_States_presidential_election" target="_blank" title="1924 presidential election" rel="noreferrer noopener">1924 presidential election</a>. Voter turnout that year would fall short of the <a href="https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/statistics/data/voter-turnout-in-presidential-elections" target="_blank" title="voter turnout statistics for U.S. presidential elections" rel="noreferrer noopener">1920</a> count. <br /><br />Text: <br /><br />Register! Vote!<br />Don't be a parlor patriot. Don't be a rocking-chair Paul Revere. <br />How Qualified Citizens Voted: <br />1896......80%<br />1900......73% <br />1912......62% <br />1920......49% <br />Let's Make 1924 the Year of the Big Vote <br /><br />Reprinted from Collier's, The National Weekly
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
M 9 Box 81, <a href="http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/vcu/repositories/5/resources/279.oai_ead.xml" target="_blank" title="finding aid" rel="noreferrer noopener">Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978</a>, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
COPYRIGHT UNDETERMINED<br /><br />The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. <br /><br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/</a>
Relation
A related resource
Learn more: <br /><a href="COPYRIGHT%20UNDETERMINED" target="_blank" title="Discovery Set. Controlling the Vote." rel="noreferrer noopener">Controlling the Vote -- Rights. Registration. Representation.</a> Discovery Set, Social Welfare History Image Portal
elections
voter registration
Voting
women's history
-
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/4573f7c3ae977f655fea6081b5945397.jpg
511034b5bf2b49012b721704037ef046
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/2ab50f18cc1f6ac7c0d237a947d673ae.jpg
1d33495cf42c98c03498cc634e694024
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/b5a6416c3fef2f6a95e390db8259bd96.jpg
853a873458d149f60ce75a0d651d09d5
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/9dca6e8f35b6d549c246c43c21fee33c.jpg
a65fcbd84077fffef1beb364137fe4d1
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/7adaa4720511559d8346be70ca1d9494.jpg
c870d55fa7f2234660504de0f65c42ef
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Austin Presbyterian Theological Seminary, Stitt Library
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Southern Frontier, vol. 2, no. 2
Description
An account of the resource
Published by Commission on Interracial Cooperation (CIC), The Southern Frontier was a monthly newsletter, first issued in January, 1940. Aiming to share the stories overlooked by traditional newspapers, the newsletter published stories of social progress, as well as stories of racial injustices faced by African Americans across the American South. <br /><br /> As described by then President of the CIC Howard W. Odum, the name <em>The Southern Frontier</em> alludes to the need for even greater pioneering and progress in the social and cultural frontiers, the American South being the most turbulent field in reference to race relations and progress at the time.<br /><br /> Vol. 2, No. 1 contains contributions by:<br /> J. W. Haywood<br /><br /> Selected articles are:<br /><br /> “The South Has a `Bottleneck’” – An article describing the South as an environment common with incidents of governmental discrimination towards black citizens, as well as acts of goodwill on the parts of individual white citizens, but that are in turn done in silence or in secrecy to avoid backlash from governing or administrating entities.<br /><br /> “Negro Soldiers Want White Commander” – An article describing a case in which a platoon of black soldiers holding resentment over being assigned a black commander. The article provides analysis of this story, one from a white southerner perspective, the other from a black southerner perspective. <br /><br />"Negroes Enter Army Aviation" discusses the formation of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuskegee_Airmen" target="_blank" title="Tuskegee Airmen" rel="noreferrer noopener">Tuskegee Airmen</a>. The article notes that the (Negro) National Airmen's Association opposes segregation in the military.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a href="https://www.austinseminary.edu/page.cfm?p=3050" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Jessie Daniel Ames Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching collection, 1930-1944</a>, Austin Seminary Archives, Stitt Library, Austin Presbyterian Seminary Library
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1941 February
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Austin Seminary Archives, Stitt Library, Austin Presbyterian Theological Seminary Library
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES<br /><br />The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. <br /><br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/</a>
Relation
A related resource
Learn more: <br /><br /><a href="https://airandspace.si.edu/collection-objects/pin-lapel-airmens-association-america" target="_blank" title="Lapel pin, Smithsonian, NASM" rel="noreferrer noopener">Lapel pin</a>, Airmen's Association of America, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian<br /><br />Pullen, Ann Ellis (2013). "<a href="https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/commission-interracial-cooperation" target="_blank" title="Commission on Interracial Cooperation" rel="noreferrer noopener">Commission on Interracial Cooperation</a>" New Georgia Encyclopedia.<br /><br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=Commission+on+Interracial+Cooperation" target="_blank" title="Commission on Interracial Cooperation" rel="noreferrer noopener">Commission on Interracial Cooperation</a>, Social Welfare History Image Portal
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Commission on Interracial Cooperation
African Americans
Commission on Interracial Cooperation
education
lynching
military
National Airmen's Association
news
segregation
Southern Frontier
Voting
voting rights
Young Women's Christian Association
YWCA
-
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/9e930f96f38ce99e0886d3a151ee1cec.jpg
3e845519839fd627f3e8d0dea907fb65
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Let the people VOTE to end gerrymandering. [bumper sticker]
Description
An account of the resource
Bumper sticker created by <a href="https://www.onevirginia2021.org/" target="_blank" title="organization's website" rel="noreferrer noopener">OneVirginia2021</a>, an American civic non-profit organization founded to advocate for a non-partisan redistricting of the Commonwealth of Virginia. <br /><br />Formed in 2014, OneVirginia2021 is made up of people from across the political spectrum, including Republicans, Democrats, and TEA party members.<br /><br />Sticker text: Let the People VOTE to END GERRYMANDERING. OneVirginia2021.org
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
OneVirginia2021
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
IN COPYRIGHT<br /><br /> This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). <br /><br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/</a>
Relation
A related resource
Learn more: <br />Miller, G. (2018). <a href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com.au/history/the-map-that-popularised-the-word-gerrymander.aspx" target="_blank" title="story about 1812 origins of the word gerrymander" rel="noreferrer noopener">The map that popularised the word 'Gerrymander.'</a> <em>National Geographic </em>(November 6, 2018). <br />Ingraham, C. (2015, March 1). <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/03/01/this-is-the-best-explanation-of-gerrymandering-you-will-ever-see/?utm_term=.8e9429f2a1c7" target="_blank" title="Wonkblog post" rel="noreferrer noopener">This is the best explanation of gerrymandering you will ever see</a>. <em>The Washington Post</em>.<br /><em><a href="https://www.oyez.org/cases/1960/6" target="_blank" title="Supreme Court case" rel="noreferrer noopener">Baker v. Carr</a></em>, 1962. <br /><a href="https://www.oyez.org/cases/1963/23" target="_blank" title="Supreme Court case information" rel="noreferrer noopener"><em>Reynolds v. Sims</em></a>, 1964. <br /><a href="https://www.npr.org/2019/06/06/730260511/redistricting-gurus-hard-drives-could-mean-legal-political-woes-for-gop" target="_blank" title="Redistricting guru's hard drives could mean legal, political woes for GOP" rel="noreferrer noopener">Redistricting guru's hard drives could mean legal, political woes for GOP</a> (2019, June 6), <em>National Public Radio. </em><br /><a href="https://www.onevirginia2021.org/" target="_blank" title="Organization website" rel="noreferrer noopener">One Virginia 2021</a>, organization website<em><br /></em>
gerrymandering
Legislation
Politics
Virginia
Voting
voting rights
-
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/016d2aaffe99f502c850ab941c58f714.jpg
f7329b00a04c99ba3b3872a9d6a698c4
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Vote. [League of Women Voters poster by Louis Bonhajo]
Description
An account of the resource
Poster shows a muse-like figure pointing towards the Capitol as a woman deposits her ballot into a locked ballot box. The voting woman holds the hand of a small female child dressed in pink.<br /><br />Poster text: "VOTE / League of Women Voters" <br /><br /><span>Printed by Erie Litho & Ptg Co.<br />Illustration by Louis Valentine Bonhajo (1885-1970) </span>
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
League of Women Voters
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
M 9 Box 233 f7, <a href="http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/vcu/repositories/5/resources/279.oai_ead.xml" target="_blank" title="finding aid" rel="noreferrer noopener">Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978</a> (location Oversize Ephemera Material in Map Drawer #23), James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1920
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES<br />The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. <br /><br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/</a> <br /><br />Acknowledgment of Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.
ballot box
citizenship
League of Women Voters
posters
suffrage
Voting
women's history
-
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/e71715eb3520b5fd8c270af073bb91aa.jpg
318441c542e4b4819e0b51f60c136cb8
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
I support voting districts for Virginians, not politicians. [tote bag]
Description
An account of the resource
Blue tote bag with white lettering reading "I support Voting districts for Virginians, not politicians." The OneVirginia2021 logo appears in the center with the words "For Fair Redistricting. OneVirginia2021.org" <br /><br />OneVirginia2021 is an American civic non-profit organization founded to advocate for a non-partisan redistricting of the Commonwealth of Virginia. Formed in 2014, OneVirginia2021 is made up of people from across the political spectrum, including Republicans, Democrats, and TEA party members. <br /><br />Gerrymandering is the practice of setting the boundaries of electoral districts to favor specific political interests. The redrawing of district lines takes place after each new U. S. Census to ensure that the "one person one vote" requirement is met. <br /><br />Partisan gerrymandering works to increase the power of a political party. Racial gerrymandering weakens representation, and therefore the political power, of minority voters.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
OneVirginia2021
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
IN COPYRIGHT<br /><br /> This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). <br /><br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/</a>
Relation
A related resource
Learn more: <br />Miller, G. (2018). <a href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com.au/history/the-map-that-popularised-the-word-gerrymander.aspx" target="_blank" title="story about 1812 origins of the word gerrymander" rel="noreferrer noopener">The map that popularised the word 'Gerrymander.'</a> <em>National Geographic </em>(November 6, 2018). <br /><br />Ingraham, C. (2015, March 1). <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/03/01/this-is-the-best-explanation-of-gerrymandering-you-will-ever-see/?utm_term=.8e9429f2a1c7" target="_blank" title="Wonkblog post" rel="noreferrer noopener">This is the best explanation of gerrymandering you will ever see</a>. <em>The Washington Post</em>.<br /><br /><a href="https://www.oyez.org/cases/1960/6" target="_blank" title="Supreme Court case" rel="noreferrer noopener">Baker</a><em><a href="https://www.oyez.org/cases/1960/6" target="_blank" title="Supreme Court case" rel="noreferrer noopener"> v. Carr</a></em>, 1962. <br /><br /><a href="https://www.oyez.org/cases/1963/23" target="_blank" title="Supreme Court case information" rel="noreferrer noopener"><em>Reynolds v. Sims</em></a>, 1964. <br /><br /><a href="https://www.npr.org/2019/06/06/730260511/redistricting-gurus-hard-drives-could-mean-legal-political-woes-for-gop" target="_blank" title="Redistricting guru's hard drives could mean legal, political woes for GOP" rel="noreferrer noopener">Redistricting guru's hard drives could mean legal, political woes for GOP</a> (2019, June 6), <em>National Public Radio. <br /></em><br /><a href="https://www.onevirginia2021.org/" target="_blank" title="Organization website" rel="noreferrer noopener">One Virginia 2021</a>, organization website
elections
gerrymandering
redistricting
representation
Voting
voting rights
-
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/1f5f551dd68e86f9cfaa53c397cffe3a.jpg
66a2c4715fd69080259d123f92181171
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
End Gerrymandering Now! [pinback button]
Description
An account of the resource
Pinback button created by OneVirginia2021, an American civic non-profit organization founded to advocate for a non-partisan redistricting of the Commonwealth of Virginia. Formed in 2014, OneVirginia2021 is made up of people from across the political spectrum, including Republicans, Democrats, and TEA party members. <br /><br />Gerrymandering is the practice of setting the boundaries of electoral districts to favor specific political interests. The redrawing of district lines takes place after each new U. S. Census to ensure that the "one person one vote" requirement is met. <br /><br />Partisan gerrymandering works to increase the power of a political party. Racial gerrymandering weakens representation, and therefore the political power, of minority voters.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
OneVirginia2021
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
IN COPYRIGHT<br /><br /> This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). <br /><br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/</a>
Relation
A related resource
Learn more: <br />Miller, G. (2018). <a href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com.au/history/the-map-that-popularised-the-word-gerrymander.aspx" target="_blank" title="story about 1812 origins of the word gerrymander" rel="noreferrer noopener">The map that popularised the word 'Gerrymander.'</a> <em>National Geographic </em>(November 6, 2018). <br /><br />Ingraham, C. (2015, March 1). <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/03/01/this-is-the-best-explanation-of-gerrymandering-you-will-ever-see/?utm_term=.8e9429f2a1c7" target="_blank" title="Wonkblog post" rel="noreferrer noopener">This is the best explanation of gerrymandering you will ever see</a>. <em>The Washington Post</em>.<br /><br /><a href="https://www.oyez.org/cases/1960/6" target="_blank" title="Supreme Court case" rel="noreferrer noopener">Baker</a><em><a href="https://www.oyez.org/cases/1960/6" target="_blank" title="Supreme Court case" rel="noreferrer noopener"> v. Carr</a></em>, 1962. <br /><br /><a href="https://www.oyez.org/cases/1963/23" target="_blank" title="Supreme Court case information" rel="noreferrer noopener"><em>Reynolds v. Sims</em></a>, 1964. <br /><br /><a href="https://www.npr.org/2019/06/06/730260511/redistricting-gurus-hard-drives-could-mean-legal-political-woes-for-gop" target="_blank" title="Redistricting guru's hard drives could mean legal, political woes for GOP" rel="noreferrer noopener">Redistricting guru's hard drives could mean legal, political woes for GOP</a> (2019, June 6), <em>National Public Radio. </em><br /><br /><a href="https://www.onevirginia2021.org/" target="_blank" title="Organization website" rel="noreferrer noopener">One Virginia 2021</a>, organization website<em><br /></em>
button
elections
gerrymandering
redistricting
representation
Voting
voting rights
-
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/c643c75ed675c0320134e84e978142f6.jpg
dcd6c790ce8adfe717ddc3eb6fd52a9d
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Free Our Districts! End Gerrymandering. [bumper sticker]
Description
An account of the resource
Bumper sticker created by <a href="https://www.onevirginia2021.org/" target="_blank" title="OneVirginia2021.org" rel="noreferrer noopener">OneVirginia2021</a>, an American civic non-profit organization founded to advocate for a non-partisan redistricting of the Commonwealth of Virginia. Formed in 2014, OneVirginia2021 is made up of people from across the political spectrum, including Republicans, Democrats, and TEA party members. <br /><br />Sticker text: "Free Our Districts! End Gerrymandering. Authorized by the good people at OneVirginia2021 who are trying to stop politicians from rigging the system."<br /><br />Gerrymandering is the practice of setting the boundaries of electoral districts to favor specific political interests. The redrawing of district lines takes place after each new U. S. Census to ensure that the "one person one vote" requirement is met. <br /><br />Partisan gerrymandering works to increase the power of a political party. Racial gerrymandering weakens representation, and therefore the political power, of minority voters.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
OneVirginia2021
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
IN COPYRIGHT<br /><br /> This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). <br /><br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/</a>
Relation
A related resource
Learn more: <br />Miller, G. (2018). <a href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com.au/history/the-map-that-popularised-the-word-gerrymander.aspx" target="_blank" title="story about 1812 origins of the word gerrymander" rel="noreferrer noopener">The map that popularised the word 'Gerrymander.'</a> <em>National Geographic </em>(November 6, 2018). <br />Ingraham, C. (2015, March 1). <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/03/01/this-is-the-best-explanation-of-gerrymandering-you-will-ever-see/?utm_term=.8e9429f2a1c7" target="_blank" title="Wonkblog post" rel="noreferrer noopener">This is the best explanation of gerrymandering you will ever see</a>. <em>The Washington Post</em>.<br /><em><a href="https://www.oyez.org/cases/1960/6" target="_blank" title="Supreme Court case" rel="noreferrer noopener">Baker v. Carr</a></em>, 1962. <br /><a href="https://www.oyez.org/cases/1963/23" target="_blank" title="Supreme Court case information" rel="noreferrer noopener"><em>Reynolds v. Sims</em></a>, 1964. <br /><a href="https://www.npr.org/2019/06/06/730260511/redistricting-gurus-hard-drives-could-mean-legal-political-woes-for-gop" target="_blank" title="Redistricting guru's hard drives could mean legal, political woes for GOP" rel="noreferrer noopener">Redistricting guru's hard drives could mean legal, political woes for GOP</a> (2019, June 6), <em>National Public Radio. </em><br /><a href="https://www.onevirginia2021.org/" target="_blank" title="Organization website" rel="noreferrer noopener">One Virginia 2021</a>, organization website<em><br /></em>
gerrymandering
Legislation
Politics
Virginia
Voting
voting rights
-
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/32267c9bdd523b0e24657440a64c0491.jpg
7672fc38c67c081d6f12eb0fe80ae313
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/273ae3bb79c3726a9f887109a0cd546e.jpg
bf611e353e5c1a1c2633937f7250f0f9
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/80174efce55752644d8fd7b23b3f0007.jpg
93246c51ae5a17e9cb0ec9d79003fffa
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/816da6f8c5249feaa59ec2fa807ae342.jpg
c3f31db20c8e6ef0f91a8a6d7e923fd3
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/de6f2538e6a4e36cc435748ff01f21ae.jpg
72bde29d69f406cd6de88c241952fa24
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/ab636c6b10da0c5eca5c4340c024f45a.jpg
1516f07cf84289b942aaa664fd6ef40d
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/cb8e2a882be48d05b68b27ebd32fb015.jpg
819df16eec5b3507431cf51a287711ea
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/aa64052bfa54ce6e465d4d1cb0dcbb4e.jpg
53c8d8f97504a6b83d30e618e89c31e8
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/8b45930bc57be9b87335b7c2776d612f.jpg
53235a69ca8a570f9f4a16aee6c72454
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Report of the President's Commission on Registration and Voting Participation, November 1963
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1963 November
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES<br /><br />The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. <br /><br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/</a> <br /><br />Acknowledgment of the Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.
Relation
A related resource
Learn more: <br /><a href="https://www.jfklibrary.org/asset-viewer/archives/JFKWHP/1963/Month%2005/Day%2008/JFKWHP-1963-05-08-D" target="_blank" title="Photographs" rel="noreferrer noopener">Visit of the Commission on Registration & Voting Participation, 12:25PM</a>, John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum <br /><br />Papers of John F. Kennedy. Presidential Papers. White House Staff Files of Lee C. White. General File, 1954-1964. <a href="https://www.jfklibrary.org/asset-viewer/archives/JFKWHSFLCW/003/JFKWHSFLCW-003-002" target="_blank" title="archival materials" rel="noreferrer noopener">Commission on Registration and Voting Participation, 23 April 1963-30 March 1964</a><br /><br /><span>Papers of John F. Kennedy. Presidential Papers. White House Staff Files of Lee C. White. General File, 1954-1964. <a href="https://www.jfklibrary.org/asset-viewer/archives/JFKWHSFLCW/003/JFKWHSFLCW-003-001" target="_blank" title="archival materials, 1962-1963" rel="noreferrer noopener">Commission on Registration and Voting Participation, 21 December 1962–30 March 1963</a> <br /><br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/show/475" target="_blank" title="Letter to Mayor Sheppard from President Johnson" rel="noreferrer noopener">Letter to Eleanor P. Sheppard from Lyndon B. Johnson</a>, February 10, 1964</span>
Description
An account of the resource
Report of the President's Commission on Registration and Voting Participation. The bipartisan commission was created by Executive Order on March 30, 1963 by President John F. Kennedy. The Commission was chaired by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_M._Scammon" target="_blank" title="Wikipedia article" rel="noreferrer noopener">Richard M. Scammon</a>, Census Director. <br /><br />The report was transmitted on November 26, 1963, just days after Kennedy's assassination. In February, 1964, President Lyndon B. Johnson mailed this report along with a <a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/show/475" target="_blank" title="read the accompanying letter from President Johnson" rel="noreferrer noopener">letter to Eleanor P. Sheppard</a>, Mayor of Richmond, Virginia. <br /><br />In its opening summary, the Commission wrote: <br /><br />"One-third of our adults do not vote in presidential elections, and more than half do not vote in congressional elections. The reasons for America's low voter participation are both psychological and legal. <br /><br />Psychological causes of low turnout must be attacked by education and educational programs. Every citizen and group has a responsibility to join in this effort. <br /><br />The Commission endorses the practice of comprehensive register-and-vote campaigns to encourage and inform potential voters. We specifically call for a new effort by our schools in the teaching of citizenship, and we underscore the great responsibility of parents in citizenship education. <br /><br />The Commission strongly believes that effective two-party competition in all areas of the Nation will build and maintain interest in public affairs and lead to greater voter participation. We commend the two party system and all efforts to strengthen that system. <br /><br />Restrictive legal and administrative procedures in registration and voting disfranchise millions. To overcome such restrictions, taking into account the disparity in law and practice amont the States, we recommend the following specific standards: <br /><br />[Twenty-one standards are listed, including the elimination of literacy tests and poll taxes and the extension of voting to persons eighteen years of age.] <br /><br />The implementation of these standards will guarantee the right to vote to every citizen, adduring in fact what we proclain in theory--the supremacy of the individual in American political life." <br /><br /><a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.31951d029875154&view=1up&seq=3" target="_blank" title="read the report" rel="noreferrer noopener">Complete report</a> available through HathiTrust.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
President's Commission on Registration and Voting Participation
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
M 277, Box 11, <a href="http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/vcu/repositories/5/resources/591.oai_ead.xml" target="_blank" title="finding aid" rel="noreferrer noopener">Eleanor P. Sheppard papers, 1924 - 1978</a>, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office
John F. Kennedy
literacy tests
Lyndon B. Johnson
poll tax
voter registration
Voting
voting rights
-
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/1fdf5c4c892bf88c127963fe8c6185dc.jpg
30de85b94b0a1bf36f832d02c10ac0d6
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Letter to Eleanor P. Sheppard from Lyndon B. Johnson, February 10, 1964
Description
An account of the resource
Letter to the Honorable Eleanor P. Sheppard, Mayor of Richmond, Virginia from President Lyndon Baines Johnson. February 10, 1964. <br /><br />This letter accompanied the President's Commission on Registration and Voting Participation "<a href="President's%20Commission%20on%20Registration%20and%20Voting%20Participation" target="_blank" title="Report of the Commission" rel="noreferrer noopener">Report on Registration and Voting Participation</a>." <br /><br />Text:<br />The White House<br />Washington<br />February 10, 1964<br /><br />Dear Mayor Sheppard: <br /><br />Less than two thirds of Americans of voting age cast ballots in Presidential elections. Less than one half vote in Congressional elections. <br /><br />This is a serious void in our free society. <br /><br />Last March President Kennedy appointed a bipartisan Commission on Registration and Voting Particpation. Its task was to study the causes of nonvoting and to recommend remedies. After careful study this Commission has presented its report and I send one to you. <br /><br />More interest in voting can be stressed by local efforts. May I suggest that you might want to consider the appointment of a citizens committee to investigate possible restrictions to reistration and voting -- and to promote greater voter participation in the 1964 elections. <br /><br />At a time when people all over the world cry out for the right to vote, too many of our citizens neglect to use this most precious of all citizen privileges. Our states and our cities, by improving voting laws and voting practices, can help produce increased voting interest by all the people. <br /><br />Kindly give me a report on the situation in your city. <br /><br />Sincerely, <br /><br />Lyndon B. Johnson
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Johnson, Lyndon B.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
M 277, Box 11, <a href="http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/vcu/repositories/5/resources/591.oai_ead.xml" target="_blank" title="finding aid" rel="noreferrer noopener">Eleanor P. Sheppard papers, 1924 - 1978</a>, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1964 February 10
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
NO KNOWN COPYRIGHT<br /><br />The organization that has made the Item available reasonably believes that the Item is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. <br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/</a> <br /><br />Acknowledgement of the Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.
Relation
A related resource
Learn more: <br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=Voting" target="_blank" title="primary sources related to voting in the United States" rel="noreferrer noopener">Voting</a>, Social Welfare History Image Portal <br /><br />Discovery Set: Controlling the Vote, Social Welfare History Image Portal <br /><br /><a href="https://www.jfklibrary.org/asset-viewer/archives/JFKWHP/1963/Month%2005/Day%2008/JFKWHP-1963-05-08-D" target="_blank" title="Photographs" rel="noreferrer noopener">Visit of the Commission on Registration & Voting Participation, 12:25PM</a>, John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum <br /><br />Papers of John F. Kennedy. Presidential Papers. White House Staff Files of Lee C. White. General File, 1954-1964. <a href="https://www.jfklibrary.org/asset-viewer/archives/JFKWHSFLCW/003/JFKWHSFLCW-003-002" target="_blank" title="archival materials" rel="noreferrer noopener">Commission on Registration and Voting Participation, 23 April 1963-30 March 1964</a><br /><br /><span>Papers of John F. Kennedy. Presidential Papers. White House Staff Files of Lee C. White. General File, 1954-1964. <a href="https://www.jfklibrary.org/asset-viewer/archives/JFKWHSFLCW/003/JFKWHSFLCW-003-001" target="_blank" title="archival materials, 1962-1963" rel="noreferrer noopener">Commission on Registration and Voting Participation, 21 December 1962–30 March 1963</a></span>
Eleanor Sheppard
Lyndon B. Johnson
Richmond
Virginia
Voting
voting rights
-
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/f6f35ea3de8303351298dd5f4f47fd7d.jpg
57678b074e01aedf7c754d952be4d0d6
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Virginia State Board of Elections Bulletin No. 29, May 22, 1958 [blank sheet voter registration]
Description
An account of the resource
Bulletin No. 29 addressed To ALL REGISTRARS OF VIRGINIA. Stamped in red "Important Read Carefully." <br /><br />Excerpts: <br /><br />The 1958 session of the General Assembly made several changes in the Election Laws of Virginia stressing the duties of the registrars and the procedure to be followed by all the registrars throughout the State in registering applicants who are eligible to have their names placed on the registration books in order that a uniform system will be stictly adherred to. <br /><br />If each registrar will follow the procedure whih is outlined below, step by step, in registering voters, we believe he will be fully meeting the requirements of the new law. <br /><br />1. Every person applying for registration should be furnished one of the Information Sheets, Form No. 1, which we have printed and are furnishing each registrar, containing the pertinenet provisions of Chapter 576 of the Acts of the 1958 General Assembly and Section 20 of the Constitution of Virginia. <br /><br />2. The registrar shall furnish the applicant a sheet of paper containing no written or printed data; in other words, just a blank sheet of paper for the applicant to supply in his own handwriting the information required by Section 20 of the Constitution and Section 24-68 of the Code, which is as follows: <br /><br />1. Name of applicant. <br />2. Age of applicant. <br />3. Date of applicant's birth. <br />4. Place of applicant's birth. <br />5. Residence of applicant at the time application is made. <br />6. Residence of applicant for one year next preceding the making of the application. <br />7. Occupation of applicant at the time application is made. <br />8. Occupation of applicant for one year next preceding the making of the application. <br />9. Whether applicant has previously voted. <br />10. If applicant has previously voted, the State, County and precinct in which applicant last voted. <br /><br />While making his application for registration, which must be done in the presence of the registrar, the applicant shall not be permitted to refer to any pamphlet, booklet or other memorandum, printed or written, nor to discuss with any person any matter concerning the requirements necessary in order to register other than the provisions of Section 20 of the Constitution and Section 24-68 of the Code which we have printed for his use on Form No. 1. If an applicant makes application in his or her own handwriting, and without aid, suggestion or memorandum, other than the right to refer to the pertinent provisions of the Code and the Constitution, then such applicant has satisfied the requirements of the law, so far as a written application is required.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Commonwealth of Virginia, State Board of Elections
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1958 May 22
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES <br /><br />The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. <br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/</a><br /><br />Acknowledgement of the Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.
Relation
A related resource
Learn more: <br /><a href="https://progressive.org/dispatches/nurturing-roots-90for90-black-political-power/" target="_blank" title="Nurturing the Roots: 90for90 and Black Political Power" rel="noreferrer noopener">Nurturing the Roots: 90for90 and Black Political Power.</a> The Progressive, July 15, 2016.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
M 306 Box 2, folder 6, <a href="https://archives.library.vcu.edu/repositories/5/resources/145" target="_blank" title="finding aid" rel="noreferrer noopener">Richmond Crusade for Voters collection</a>, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU LIbraries
African Americans
race
Virginia
voter registration
voter suppression
Voting
voting rights
-
https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/caa6c3534a279e65c135b5a76820ece6.jpg
9a680ec1b089498e78785207e0d8ffe8
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
You've got it...USE IT! [Richmond Crusade for Voters flyer]
Description
An account of the resource
Richmond Crusade for Voters flyer. A hand brings down a heavy hammer that says VOTE, and breaks a chain. <br /><br />Text: <br />you've got it...USE IT! <br /><br />Votes mean FREEDOM. Register and vote<br />Votes mean EQUALITY. Register and vote<br />Votes mean first-class citizenship. Register and vote. <br />Votes mean better schools, better jobs, better housing. Register and vote <br />USE YOUR VOTE TO WIN YOUR RIGHTS<br />To Vote in November, you must REGISTER NOW!
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
COPYRIGHT UNDETERMINED<br /><br /> The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. <br /><br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/</a>
Relation
A related resource
Learn more: <br />Komp, C. (2017, October 26). <a href="https://ideastations.org/radio/news/lasting-legacy-richmond-crusade-voters" target="_blank" title="Richmond Crusade for Voters" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Lasting Legacy of the Richmond Crusade for Voters.</a> Community Idea Stations. <br />Matthews, K. A. (2017). The Richmond Crusade for Voters. Charleston, South Carolina: Arcadia Publishing.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
M 306 Box 2, folder 8, <a href="https://archives.library.vcu.edu/repositories/5/resources/145" target="_blank" title="finding aid" rel="noreferrer noopener">Richmond Crusade for Voters collection</a>, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU LIbraries
African Americans
Crusade for Voters
Richmond
Virginia
voter registration
Voting
voting rights