Woman Citizen, December 27, 1924
Issue concerned with the Child Labor Amendment.<br />Cover illustration identified as "Etching 'Felix' by Eileen A. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eileen_Soper" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Soper</a>. Copyright, A.C. & H.W. Dickens--Courtesy Robertson Deschamps Galleries."
<a href="http://search.library.vcu.edu/VCU:all_scope:VCU_ALMA21463133110001101" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Special Collections and Archives</a><span>, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries</span>
1924 December 27
Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
<span>The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use.<br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/</a></span>
Woman Citizen, April 17, 1920
Article concerning the third publication in the Children's Bureau series on illegitimacy, "Illegitimacy as a Child Welfare Problem" (Bur. Pub. No. 66). Lists seven minimum standards for illegitimate children's welfare as adopted by the Children's Bureau and the Intercity Conference on Illegitimacy.<br /><br />Two-page spread (p.1142-1143) "Child Welfare in Black and White -- Part II" uses maps to show states' responses to child welfare issues, including compulsory schooling, child labor, the establishment of juvenile courts.
<a href="http://search.library.vcu.edu/VCU:all_scope:VCU_ALMA21463133110001101" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Special Collections and Archives</a><span>, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries</span>
1920 April 17
Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
This item is in the public domain. Acknowledgement of the Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.
<span>Learn more: </span><br /><a href="http://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/programs/child-welfarechild-labor/childrens-bureau-a-brief-history-resources/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Children's Bureau - A Brief History & Resources</a><span>, Social Welfare History Project<br /><a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/organizations/children-labor-film-1912/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Children Who Labor - film (1912)</a>, Social Welfare History Project <br /></span>
Woman Citizen, June 9, 1917
"They Shall Not Pass" cover cartoon by C. D. Batchelor <br /><br />"They Work Together: Why Not Vote Together" from photo spread pp. 28-29, entitled "Light Work for Ladies."
<a href="http://search.library.vcu.edu/VCU:all_scope:VCU_ALMA21463133110001101" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Special Collections and Archives</a>, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
1917 June 9
Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
This item is in the public domain. Acknowledgement of the Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.
Learn more: <br /><a href="http://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/woman-suffrage/woman-suffrage-movement/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Women's Suffrage: The Movement</a>, Social Welfare History Project
An Amendment to the Constitution is Needed to Give the United States Power to Safeguard the Child Life of the Nation
Pamphlet advocating for the Child Labor Amendment, passed in 1924, but never ratified.<br /><br />Cover cartoon by Pulitzer Prize-winning newspaper cartoonist John T. McCutcheon. <br /><br />[Image description] Two child laborers operate machinery. Above them is a cloud showing that they are daydreaming about frolicking outside with a dog. Beneath the cloud are the words "Lost Childhood". A rich older man in a suit looks at the children while rubbing his hands together greedily. The text below indicates that this man represents the "Employer of Child Labor". Above him is a cloud showing that he is daydreaming about sitting in the back of a large, expensive automobile that is parked in front of a mansion. Beneath the cloud are the words "Financial Gains". At the bottom of the cartoon is text that says "What child labor and its employer think about". <br /><br />Text from back of pamphlet: <br /><br />A federal minimum will give to American Children all the advantages of our federal form of government.<br />Every state may wish to give its children greater protection than a national minimum would provide.<br />Is any state willing to give them less?<br /><br />------<br /><br />The following organizations issue this appeal for the passage of a Children's Amendment by the next Congress: <br />American Federation of Labor <br />Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America <br />General Federation of Women's Clubs <br />Girls Friendly Society in America <br />National Child Labor Committee <br />National Congress of Mothers and Parent-Teacher Associations <br />National Consumers' League<br />National Council of Jewish Women <br />National Council of Women, Inc.<br />National Education Association<br />National Federation of Teachers<br />National Federation of Businesses and Professional Women's Clubs <br />National League of Women Voters <br />National Woman's Christian Temperance Union <br />National Women's Trade Union League<br />Service Star Legion <br />Young Woman's Christian Association.
<a href="http://search.library.vcu.edu/VCU:all_scope:VCU_ALMA21369067190001101" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Special Collections and Archives</a>, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
Allied Printing
<span>Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries</span>
This item is in the public domain. Acknowledgement of the Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.
Learn more:<br /><a href="http://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/programs/child-welfarechild-labor/national-child-labor-committee/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">National Child Labor Committee</a>, Social Welfare History Project<br /><a href="http://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/programs/child-welfarechild-labor/child-labor/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Child Labor</a>, Social Welfare History Project<br /><a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/organizations/children-labor-film-1912/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Children Who Labor - film (1912)</a>, Social Welfare History Project <a href="http://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/programs/child-welfarechild-labor/shift-child-labor-1933/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><br /></a>
Migrant Children and Youth
Sent to Congressman W. R. Poage (Texas) with a <a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/show/316" target="_blank" title="read this letter" rel="noreferrer noopener">cover letter</a> signed by Betty Jane Whitaker of the Texas Committee on Migrant Farm Workers.<br /><br />This paper was written by Florence R. Wyckoff, Chairman of the Subcommittee on Families Who Follow the Crops, California Governor's Advisory Committee on Children and Youth. It was originally prepared for The National Conference on Problems of Rural Youth in a Changing Environment held in Stillwater, Oklahoma, on September 22-25, 1963. This copy was reproduced by the Texas Committee on Migrant Farm Workers. <br /><br />Wyckoff's paper was written to educate people about migrant workers and their status. The author discusses families of migrant workers, and why they migrate, as well as the effect of high mobility on migrant children and youth. Wyckoff's intent was to inform the politicians who may be unaware of the struggles of migrant workers, but are writing bills affecting them and their families.<br /><br />Excerpts:<br /><br />p.2 "There are many kinds of migratory workers in America, but we are mainly concerned with the agricultural migrant and his family because 'agricultural labor' is specifically exempted from much protective legislation covering other types of workers who move about, such as construction workers or lumber workers. For example, workers employed in agriculture are exempt from the Fair Labor Standards Act, Federal Wage and Hour Law. All states except Hawaii exempt them from unemployment insurance and all but California exempt them from disability insurance. Only a limited number are covered under social security. Residence requirements make it difficult for them to qualify for assistance benefits."<br /><br />p.3 "Economically, the migrant farm worker occupies the lowest level of any major group in the American economy."
Wyckoff, Florence R.
<a href="https://www.baylor.edu/lib/poage/doc.php/251040.pdf" target="_blank" title="W. R. Poage papers finding aid" rel="noreferrer noopener">Box 241, f. 13</a>, W. R. Poage Papers, The W. R. Poage Legislative Library Political Collections, Baylor University Libraries
1963 September
Baylor University Libraries
<a href="http://www.baylor.edu/lib/digitization/digitalrights" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://www.baylor.edu/lib/digitization/digitalrights</a>
Learn more:<br /><br /><span>Cosgrove, B. (2013) </span><a href="http://time.com/3722532/bitter-harvest-life-with-americas-migrant-workers-1959/" target="_blank" title="Bitter Harvest (photographs)" rel="noreferrer noopener">Bitter Harvest: LIFE With America's Migrant Workers, 1959</a><span>. </span><em>LIFE magazine</em><span> </span><span>Mar 10, 2013. (Previously unpublished photographs by </span><span>Michael Rougier). <br /><br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/show/315" target="_blank" title="Position of Farm Workers in Federal and State Legislation" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Position of Farm Workers in Federal and State Legislation,</a> Social Welfare History Image Portal<br /></span>
The Doctor Looks at Child Labor. NCLC Pamphlet No. 356
<span>A symposium edited by the NCLC. <br /><br />A series of statements related to the long-term health effects of child labor on children and youth. <br /><br />"The insidious thing about child labor is that its effects manifest themselves at the most unexpected times in later life and often in a disastrous manner....We would not permit the exploitation of a child that is precious to any one of us. Let us not, therefore, as citizens, tolerate the exploitation of other people's children." (back cover)<br /><br />Contributed by:<br /><br /> C.-E. A. Winslow, Professor of Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine<br />William R. P. Emerson <br />Eugene L. Opie <br />Louis I. Harris <br />Joseph H. Bainton <br />Alice Hamilton <br />Haven Emerson <br />Iago Galdston <br />Charles Hendee Smith <br />Max Seham <br />Richard A. Bolt <br />Catherine Brannick <br />George M. Kober <br />C. Floyd Haviland <br />S. W. Wynne <br /><br />Statement titles: Chronic Fatigue; Hidden Infections; Physical Unfitness; Years of Growth; Poison Trades; Cardiacs Without Symptoms; Colts in Harness; Monotony Exacts Its Price; "Papers! All the Evenin' Papers!"; Young Nomads; When the Hand Slips; When Working Conditions are Bad; Undernourished Minds.<br /><br /><br /><br /></span>
Winslow, C. -E. A. (Charles-Edward Amory), 1877-1957
<a href="https://upsem.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/?rm=CHILD+LABOR+PA0%7C%7C%7C1%7C%7C%7C0%7C%7C%7Ctrue" target="_blank" title="Child Labor Pamphlets, 1908 - 1935, Union Presbyterian Seminary Library" rel="noreferrer noopener">Child Labor Pamphlets, 1908 - 1935</a><span>, No. 43, digital collection, William Smith Morton Library, Union Presbyterian Seminary</span>
National Child Labor Committee
1929
Union Presbyterian Seminary Library
The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. <br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/</a>
Texas Committee on Migrant Farm Workers. Letter to Congressman W. R. Poage from Betty Jane Whitaker
This letter was written to Congressman W. R. Poage by Betty Jane Whitaker, Co-chairman of the Texas Committee on Migrant Farm Workers, asking him to help improve the lives of migrant workers and their children. Whitaker asks for this to be done through better schooling and healthcare. A paper titled "<a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/show/317" target="_blank" title="read the paper" rel="noreferrer noopener">Migrant Children and Youth</a>" by Florence R. Wyckoff was included with this letter.
Whitaker, Betty Jane
<a href="https://www.baylor.edu/lib/poage/doc.php/251040.pdf" target="_blank" title="W. R. Poage papers finding aid" rel="noreferrer noopener">Box 241, folder 13</a>, W. R. Poage Papers, The W. R. Poage Legislative Library Political Collections, Baylor University Libraries.
1963 November 7
Baylor University Libraries
<a href="http://www.baylor.edu/lib/digitization/digitalrights" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://www.baylor.edu/lib/digitization/digitalrights</a>
<span>Learn more:</span><br /><br /><span>Cosgrove, B. (2013) </span><a href="http://time.com/3722532/bitter-harvest-life-with-americas-migrant-workers-1959/" target="_blank" title="Bitter Harvest (photographs)" rel="noreferrer noopener">Bitter Harvest: LIFE With America's Migrant Workers, 1959</a><span>. </span><em>LIFE magazine</em><span> </span><span>Mar 10, 2013. (Previously unpublished photographs by </span><span>Michael Rougier). <br /><br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/show/315" target="_blank" title="Position of Farm Workers in Federal and State Legislation" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Position of Farm Workers in Federal and State Legislation,</a> Social Welfare History Image Portal</span>
"Child Labor" Legislation [Anti- Child labor legislation pamphlet]
<span>Pamphlet by John F. Schenck, Chairman of the Legislative Committee of the North Carolina Cotton Manufacturers' Association, arguing against legal protections for child workers in cotton mills and other Southern industries. <br /><br />Excerpts:<br />p. 6-7 "UNTRAMMELED AND WHOLESOME COMPETITION AMONG THE MANUFACTURERS THEMSELVES HAS AMELIORATED THE CONDITIONS OF TEXTILE LABORERS, AND ADDED MORE TO THEIR WELFARE IN THE LAST TWENTY-FIVE YEARS THAN LABOR LEGISLATION CAN EVER ACCOMPLISH, BUT NOT A WHIT MORE THAN A LITTLE HASTY AND UNCALLED-FOR LEGISLATION CAN UNDO."<br /><br />p.8 "The fact that this child labor movement craze may have accomplished some things, seemingly good, in other States, and has captured a large following throughout this nation, is no conclusive proof of great and wonderful merit. Nor is it sufficient reason for any respectable class of North Carolinians to surrender in despair their individuality, and tamely submit to the humiliation of being singled out from other classes, and at the instance of a foreign-born organization of agitators, be regulated by penal statutes and inspected by government spies.<br /><br />This State is a sovereign and independent organization , so far as the questions at issue are concerned. It is slow to adopt foolish and tyrannical fads. It has never burned women for witchcraft nor persecuted men for their religious beliefs, as have some States who would presume to teach us humanity." <br /><br />p. 12 "The doctrine that children should not labor is new; and practical men do not believe a word of it." <br /><br />p. 13 "The manufacturers of this State not only profess an interest in child welfare, but the <em>practice</em> it. They are epecially interested in the educational idea. As evidence of it, we point to the excellent schools which are built and maintained by most of the mills for the benefit of their employees' children and espcially to the resolution of our last Spinners' Association endorsing Compulsory Education. Why not by law compel every child, whether at a factory, or on a farm, or in a city, to attend school regulary?"<br /><br /><br /></span>
Schenck, John F. (John Franklin), 1865-1945
<a href="https://upsem.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/?rm=CHILD+LABOR+PA0%7C%7C%7C1%7C%7C%7C0%7C%7C%7Ctrue" target="_blank" title="Child Labor Pamphlets, Union Presbyterian Seminary" rel="noreferrer noopener">Child Labor Pamphlets, 1908-1935</a>. No. 155, digital collection, William Smith Morton Library, Union Presbyterian Seminary
North Carolina Cotton Manufacturers' Association (also called North Carolina Spinners' Association)
1913
Union Presbyterian Seminary Library
<span>The organization that has made the Item available reasonably believes that the Item is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. </span><br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/</a>
Learn more: <br /><a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/programs/child-welfarechild-labor/child-labor/" target="_blank" title="Child Labor" rel="noreferrer noopener">Child Labor</a>, Social Welfare History Project<br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=child+labor" target="_blank" title="Additional resources related to child labor" rel="noreferrer noopener">Child Labor</a>, Social Welfare History Image Portal<br />Dawley, Thomas Robinson (c.1912). <a href="https://iiif.lib.harvard.edu/manifests/view/drs:2585637$1i" target="_blank" title="Read this book online through Harvard Open Collections" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Child That Toileth Not.</a> Harvard Library. Open Collections Program.
Why don't you put this boy to work in the factory... [editorial cartoon by Boardman Robinson]
Editorial cartoon by Boardman Robinson. Originally published in the New York <em>Tribune.</em> Republished here in <em>Cartoons Magazine</em> vol. 3, no. 2 (February 1913), p. 103. <br />A man with a bowler hat, cane, and cigar looks down at a small barefoot boy standing next to his mother. The mother and child are not so well dressed as the man. <br /><br />Caption: "Why don't you put this boy to work in the factory with your other children?" <br />"I thought I'd try to raise ONE." <br /><br />In an oval at bottom right of the page, two children wrapped in rags against the cold look up at the cartoon.
Robinson, Boardman
<a href="https://vcu-alma-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=VCU_ALMA21361748570001101&context=L&vid=VCUL&search_scope=all_scope&tab=all&lang=en_US" target="_blank" title="Cartoons Magazine" rel="noreferrer noopener"><em>Cartoons Magazine</em></a><span>, vol. 3, no. 2 (February 1913), p.103. Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries</span>
1913 February
Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. <br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/</a>
Learn more: <br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/exhibits/show/child-labor/gallery" target="_blank" title="Discovery Set" rel="noreferrer noopener">Child labor</a>, Social Welfare History Image Portal <br /><a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/organizations/children-labor-film-1912/" target="_blank" title="Children Who Labor" rel="noreferrer noopener">Children Who Labor (film)</a>, Social Welfare History Project <br /><a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/programs/child-welfarechild-labor/national-child-labor-committee/" target="_blank" title="NCLC" rel="noreferrer noopener">National Child Labor Committee</a>, Social Welfare History Project <br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=cartoon">Editorial cartoons</a>, Social Welfare History Image Portal <br /><br />Annotate a <a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/f06e564bd58064e5e1ce9f22694a41f4.pdf" target="_blank" title="PDF of this image" rel="noreferrer noopener">PDF of this image</a> with <a href="https://web.hypothes.is/" target="_blank" title="Learn about hypothes.is web annotation" rel="noreferrer noopener">hypothes.is.</a>
Happy Childhood Days [editorial cartoons by F. T. Richards and Thomas May]
Two editorial cartoons dealing with child labor republished in <em>Cartoons Magazine, </em>vol. 3, no. 4 (April 1913), p. 239. <br /><br />At top: A cartoon by F. T. Richards, originally published in the Philadelphia <em>North American</em>. Wearing a top hat with ribbons and smoking a cigar, a heavyset "Child Labor Exploiter" rides in a chariot pulled by weary, starving children. <br /><br />At bottom: A cartoon by Thomas May, originally published in the Detroit <em>Times</em>. A girl in ragged clothes works at a treadle sewing machine, while a heavyset man smoking a cigar and holding a whip watches. Behind her is a stack of other work. A crate for finished items is marked "Greed and Bleed. New York City" A sign on the wall says "Sweat Shop."
Richards, Frederick Thompson ("Fred")
May, Thomas
<a href="https://vcu-alma-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=VCU_ALMA21361748570001101&context=L&vid=VCUL&search_scope=all_scope&tab=all&lang=en_US" target="_blank" title="Cartoons Magazine" rel="noreferrer noopener"><em>Cartoons Magazine</em></a>, vol. 3, no. 4 (April 1913), p.239. Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
1913 April
Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. <br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/</a>
Learn more: <br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/exhibits/show/child-labor/gallery" target="_blank" title="Discovery Set" rel="noreferrer noopener">Discovery Set: Child labor</a>, Social Welfare History Image Portal <br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=child+labor" target="_blank" title="Additional materials related to child labor" rel="noreferrer noopener">Child Labor</a>, Social Welfare History Image Portal <br /><a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/programs/child-welfarechild-labor/child-labor/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Child Labor</a>, Social Welfare History Project <br /><a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/programs/child-welfarechild-labor/national-child-labor-committee/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">National Child Labor Committee</a>, Social Welfare History Project <br /><a href="http://www.loc.gov/pictures/search/?st=grid&co=nclc" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">National Child Labor Committee Collection</a>, Library of Congress <br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=cartoon">Editorial cartoons</a>, Social Welfare History Image Portal
Women's Work and War
Women's Work and War: A Bulletin of Facts Concerning the Employment of Women to Meet the Deficit of Man Power in Our National Industrial Emergency. Published by the National Women's Trade Union League. <br /><br />p.1 "The working women are eager to help win the war. To make their help effective is a problem which must be generally discussed. Therefore this Bulletin."<br /><br />"The United States is now calling into action two armies. The first is an army of men, trained and equipped for service. It carries with it all the splendid panoply of war.<br /><br />The second is a woman's army. It is neither trained nor equipped, nor conscious of its unity. Yet to give good service it must be all those things. <br /><br />The women's army is as necessary to us at this time as the men's army, it will feed and clothe and munition the men in the trenches. As more men are called to the training camps women will step into their places in the shops, thus constantly increasing the army of women upon whose shoulders will rest the whole economic burden of this country."<br /><br />p.4 The NWTUL advocated for reasonable standards for women workers on Government contracts. This pamphlet outlines those standards as follows:<br /><br />"Adult labor.<br />Wages-- <br />1. The highest rate prevailing in the industry effected.<br />2. Equal pay for equal work.<br />3. Trades without wage standards to be handled by an adjustment committee.<br />4. Adjustment committee to handle all wage questions and to keep all wages in fair proportion to increasing cost of living.<br />The Eight Hour Day.<br />One day rest in seven.<br />Prohibition of night work for women.<br />Standards of sanitation and fire protection.<br />Protection against over-fatigue and industrial diseases.<br />Prohibition of tenement house labor.<br />Exemption from call into industry of women whose small children need their care.<br />Exemption from call into industry of women two months before and after child birth."<br /><br />Note postmark promoting food conservation during World War I. <br />"Food will win the war. Don't waste it."
National Women's Trade Union League
M 86 Box 1, <a href="http://search.vaheritage.org/vivaxtf/view?docId=vcu-cab/vircu00079.xml" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Roberta Wellford Collection of Women's Rights Ephemera 1915-1956</a>, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
National Women's Trade Union League
1918 February
Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
This item is in the public domain. Acknowledgement of the Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.
Learn more:<br /><a href="http://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/programs/child-welfarechild-labor/child-labor/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Child Labor</a>, Social Welfare History Project<a href="http://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/organizations/labor/labor-history-timeline-1607-1999/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><br /></a>
They Are Advancing
<span>Pamphlet advocating for the Child Labor Amendment, passed in 1924, but never ratified.</span>
National Child Labor Committee (U.S.)
<span>M 9 Box 101, </span><a href="https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vcu-cab/vircu00102.xml" target="_blank" title="finding aid" rel="noopener noreferrer">Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978</a>, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use.<br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/</a>
Learn more:<br /><a href="http://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/programs/child-welfarechild-labor/national-child-labor-committee/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">An Amendment to the Constitution is Needed to Give the United States Power to Safeguard the Child Life of the Nation<br /><br />National Child Labor Committee (NCLC): Founded April 25, 1904</a>, Social Welfare History Project<br /><br /><a href="http://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/programs/child-welfarechild-labor/a-needed-amendment-to-restrict-child-labor/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">A Needed Amendment To Restrict Child Labor</a>, Social Welfare History Project<br /><br /><a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/organizations/children-labor-film-1912/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Children Who Labor - film (1912)</a>, Social Welfare History Project
What Did Miss Abbott Really Say? [NCLC pamphlet]
A pamphlet issued by the National Child Labor Committee to present testimony by Grace Abbott, former head of the United States Children’s Bureau, before the House Judiciary Committee on February 15, 1924. The pamphlet was issued in order to counter claims regarding her testimony made in a legal brief written in 1934 by William D. Guthrie, “The Child Labor Amendment: Argument in Opposition to Ratification.”
National Child Labor Committee
<a href="https://archives.lib.umn.edu/repositories/11/resources/680">Gertrude Zimand papers</a>. <a href="https://archives.lib.umn.edu/repositories/11/archival_objects/162010">Articles and Studies, 1924-1965</a>. <a href="https://archives.lib.umn.edu/repositories/11/archival_objects/162010">Box: 2, Folder: 17</a>. Social Welfare History Archives, University of Minnesota Libraries
1934
Social Welfare History Archives, University of Minnesota Libraries
<span>The organization that has made the Item available reasonably believes that the Item is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. </span><br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/</a>
Learn more: <br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=Child+Labor+Amendment" target="_blank" title="Items related to the Child Labor Amendment" rel="noreferrer noopener">Child Labor Amendment</a><span>, Social Welfare History Image Portal</span><br /><span>"</span><a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/programs/child-welfarechild-labor/a-needed-amendment-to-restrict-child-labor/" target="_blank" title="Article from The Nation, January 1934" rel="noreferrer noopener">A Needed Amendment To Restrict Child Labor</a><span>" </span><em>The Nation. </em><span>January, 1934. Social Welfare History Project</span><br /><a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/programs/child-welfarechild-labor/child-labor/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Child Labor</a><span>, Social Welfare History Project <br /></span><a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/organizations/childrens-bureau/abbott-grace/" target="_blank" title="Grace Abbot" rel="noreferrer noopener">Grace Abbott</a>, Social Welfare History Project
Position of Farm Workers in Federal and State Legislation
This pamphlet, written by Robin Myers and published by the National Advisory Committee on Farm Labor, describes the rights of migrant farm workers in the late 1950s. This excerpt describes the conditions and the rights of child workers at both the state and national legislative levels. <br /><br />The National Advisory Committee on Farm Labor (NACFL) grew out of the work of the <a href="https://reuther.wayne.edu/node/3199" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">National Sharecroppers Fund</a>. <br /><br />The NACFL was organized in 1958 as a fact-finding, reporting agency whose goal was to build public awareness of the substandard living and working conditions of farm laborers. (<a href="https://reuther.wayne.edu/files/LR000393.pdf" target="_blank" title="Finding aid NSF collection" rel="noreferrer noopener">Reuther Library</a>, n.d.) Leaders included Eleanor Roosevelt, Socialist party presidental candidate Norman Thomas, Catholic Archbishop Robert Emmet Lucey, Rabbi Eugene Lipman of the Union of American Hebrew Congregations, Presbyterian theologian Dr. John A. Mackay, and Tuskegee Institute president, Dr. L. H. Foster (<a href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-policy-history/article/farmworker-advocacy-through-guestworker-policy-secretary-of-labor-james-p-mitchell-and-the-bracero-program/99180F6F8E1DC1D2D451F7612DBF6823/core-reader#fn79" target="_blank" title="Farmworker Advocacy through Guestworker Policy" rel="noreferrer noopener">Hazelton</a>, 2017).<br /><br />In 1958 and 1964, the NACFL held public hearings on farm labor and rural poverty. The agency dissolved in 1968.<br /><br />Excerpts:<br /><br />p. 34 "Children of migrant agricultural workers suffer from all the disadvantages and disabilities that handicap the whole migrant community -- unusual health hazards, inadequate food and housing due to low income level, lack of stable family life, and rejection by the community. In addition, two aspects of the migrant situation particularly affect the children and their future. The first is the common use of child workers, both legally and illegally. The second is their deprivation of such educational opportunities as would enable them to make their own lives an improvement over those of their parents." <br /><br />p. 35 "'Many of the Nation's farms do not come under the provisions of these Federal Acts. Only 6 States, 3 Territories, and the District of Columbia expressly provide a minimum age for agricultural work outside school hours, and only 13 States, 2 Territories, and the District of Columbia expressly provide a minimum age during school hours.'" (quoted from <em>Child Workers in Agriculture</em>, Leaflet No. 4, U. S. Dept. of Labor, 1959)<br /><br />p. 37 "The most common reason for the employment of child workers in agriculture, to an extent no longer acceptable in other industries, is that the low wage of the bread-winner of the family is not sufficient (averaging under $900 a year) to pay minimum family expenses, and so everyone works who can. This in turn creates the vicxious cycle of child labor lowering wage standards and contributing to the perpetuation of subnormal wages."<br /><br />p. 38 "In most places, the local schools cannot handle and do not want migrant children."
Myers, Robin
Box 248, <a href="https://www.baylor.edu/library/poage/index.php?id=925919" target="_blank" title="Congressional Collections" rel="noreferrer noopener">O. C. Fisher Congressional Collection</a>, The W. R. Poage Legislative Library Political Collections, Baylor University Libraries
1959 August
Baylor University Libraries
<a href="http://www.baylor.edu/lib/digitization/digitalrights" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://www.baylor.edu/lib/digitization/digitalrights</a>
Learn more:<br /><br />Hazelton, A. J. (2017). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0898030617000185" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Farmworker Advocacy through Guestworker Policy: Secretary of Labor James P. Mitchell and the Bracero Program.</a> <em>Journal of Policy History</em> 29 (July), p. 431-461. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0898030617000185" target="_blank" class="url doi" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://doi.org/10.1017/S0898030617000185</a><br /><br /><a href="https://reuther.wayne.edu/node/3199" target="_blank" title="National Sharecropper Fund Records (finding aid)" rel="noreferrer noopener">National Sharecropper Fund Records</a>, Walter P. Reuther Library (finding aid).<br /><br />Cosgrove, B. (2013) <a href="http://time.com/3722532/bitter-harvest-life-with-americas-migrant-workers-1959/" target="_blank" title="Bitter Harvest (photographs)" rel="noreferrer noopener">Bitter Harvest: LIFE With America's Migrant Workers, 1959</a>. <em>LIFE magazine</em> <span>Mar 10, 2013. (Previously unpublished photographs by </span>Michael Rougier). <br /><br />Furman, M. (1959). <a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=osu.32435030100218;view=2up;seq=2" target="_blank" title="Some Facts for Young Workers" rel="noreferrer noopener">Some Facts for Young Workers about Work and Labor Laws.</a> Washington : U.S. Dept. of Labor, Bureau of Labor Standards.
Child Labor in Virginia. NCLC Pamphlet No. 171
Pamphlet by Alexander Jeffrey McKelway, Secretary for the Southern States, National Child Labor Committee. With photographs by Lewis W. Hine, staff photographer for the NCLC. <br /><br />Lewis Hine made a photographic investigation of child labor in Virginia in May and June of 1911. This pamphlet discusses the extent of child labor in the state where children were employed in cotton, silk and knitting mills, coal mines, cigarette factories, glass factories, shoe factories, and as newsboys, messenger boys, and actors on stage. <br /><br />Excerpts:<br /><br />p.3-4 "The cotton mills have often put themselves forward as patrons of education. The figures of the Federal Bureau of Labor do not bear out this claim. The Census shows that 9 per cent. of the white children ten to fourteen years of age throughout the state are illiterate. In the cotton mills 70 per cent. of the children under fourteen were found to be illiterate by the agents of the Bureau of Labor, a greater percentage than are to be found, even in the cotton mill families of any other state, north or south."<br /><br />p.5 "...there was no necessity for the labor of these children under fourteen; while it is admitted by all philanthropic agencies that even if there were in individual cases such need, the last expedient that should be adopted is the putting of the burden of family support upon the shoulders of the immature child."<br /><br />p. 9 "It is true, therefore, that a large majority of the industries of Virginia do not employ children under fourteen, and these establishments should be protected from the competition of the child-employing industries, which are here mentioned and illustrated."
McKelway, A. J.
<a href="https://upsem.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/?rm=CHILD+LABOR+PA0%7C%7C%7C1%7C%7C%7C0%7C%7C%7Ctrue" target="_blank" title="Child Labor Pamphlets, 1908 - 1935, Union Presbyterian Seminary Library" rel="noreferrer noopener">Child Labor Pamphlets, 1908 - 1935</a>, No. 68, digital collection, William Smith Morton Library, Union Presbyterian Seminary
Union Presbyterian Seminary Library
<span>The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. <br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/</a></span>
Learn more: <br /><a href="https://docsouth.unc.edu/nc/mckelway/bio.html" target="_blank" title="Alexander Jeffrey McKelway, 1866-1918" rel="noreferrer noopener">Alexander Jeffrey McKelway, 1866-1918</a>, <em>Documenting the American South. </em>From<em> Dictionary of North Carolina Biography </em>edited by William S. Powell.<br /><a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/programs/child-welfarechild-labor/child-labor/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Child Labor</a>, Social Welfare History Project<br /><a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/programs/child-welfarechild-labor/national-child-labor-committee/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">National Child Labor Committee</a>, Social Welfare History Project<br /><a href="https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/collections/lewis-wickes-hine-documentary-photographs-1905-1938#/?tab=navigation&roots=a675d330-c6cc-012f-0cfa-58d385a7bc34" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Lewis Wickes Hine: Documentary Photographs, 1905 - 1938</a><span>, New York Public Library Digital Collections<br /><br /></span>
Here in Massachusetts [Massachusetts Child Labor Committee pamphlet]
Here in Massachusetts: A fund raising pamphlet issued by the Massachusetts Child Labor Committee to promote regulation of working conditions and employment for children. The pamphlet cites statistics on child labor and industrial accidents and argues that work detracts from education, offers no real future benefits, and impairs health.<br /><br />The first page shows a photograph of a boy with the caption “Worth a Chance? How Much is That Chance Worth to You!”<br /><br />The pamphlet includes a word puzzle, “An Old Problem and a New Year.: the Corner Stones of a Square Deal” The puzzle identifies play, work, health, and school as rights of childhood.
Massachusetts Child Labor Committee
<a href="https://archives.lib.umn.edu/repositories/11/resources/2432">Paul U. Kellogg papers</a>.<a href="https://archives.lib.umn.edu/repositories/11/archival_objects/505670">Child Labor Amendment, 1923-1927</a>. <a href="https://archives.lib.umn.edu/repositories/11/archival_objects/505670">Box: 22, Folder: 197</a>. Social Welfare History Archives, University of Minnesota Libraries
c. 1924
Social Welfare History Archives, University of Minnesota Libraries
<span>The organization that has made the Item available reasonably believes that the Item is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. </span><br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/</a>
Letter from Owen R. Lovejoy to Dr. Samuel McCuns Lindsay, January 27, 1925
Letter to <a href="http://www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/archival/collections/ldpd_4079559/" title="biographical information on Samuel Lindsay" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Dr. Samuel McCuns Lindsay</a>, Chairman, National Child Labor Committee from <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aWR5HJJktL8C&pg=RA1-PA86&lpg=RA1-PA86&dq=owen+reed+lovejoy&source=bl&ots=lX817HZtPo&sig=QTelVI2DcghkKeJX9656aSuCh2g&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjK86yblePcAhXGY98KHVufA_gQ6AEwBnoECAQQAQ#v=onepage&q=owen%20reed%20lovejoy%20&f=false" target="_blank" title="Owen Reed Lovejoy biographical information" rel="noreferrer noopener">Owen R. Lovejoy</a>, General Secretary, National Child Labor Committee<br /><br />Dated January 27, 1925. <br /><br />In the letter Lovejoy reflects on the campaign against child labor and discusses his reasons for resigning his post.
Lovejoy, Owen R. (Owen Reed), 1866-1961
<p><a href="https://archives.lib.umn.edu/repositories/11/resources/733">Survey Associates records</a>. <a href="https://archives.lib.umn.edu/repositories/11/archival_objects/169735">Lovejoy, Owen R., 1921-1949.</a> <a href="https://archives.lib.umn.edu/repositories/11/archival_objects/169735">Box: 95, Folder: 714-715</a>. Social Welfare History Archives, University of Minnesota Libraries.</p>
1925 January 27
Social Welfare History Archives, University of Minnesota Libraries
<span>The organization that has made the Item available reasonably believes that the Item is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. </span><br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/</a>
Learn more: <br /><span><a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/programs/child-welfarechild-labor/national-child-labor-committee/" target="_blank" title="National Child Labor Committee" rel="noreferrer noopener">National Child Labor Committee</a>, Social Welfare History Project<br /><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aWR5HJJktL8C&pg=RA1-PA86&lpg=RA1-PA86&dq=owen+reed+lovejoy&source=bl&ots=lX817HZtPo&sig=QTelVI2DcghkKeJX9656aSuCh2g&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjK86yblePcAhXGY98KHVufA_gQ6AEwBnoECAQQAQ#v=onepage&q=owen%20reed%20lovejoy%20&f=false" target="_blank" title="biographical information on Owen R. Lovejoy" rel="noreferrer noopener">Owen Reed Lovejoy</a>, <em>Michigan Biographical Dictionary 2008-2009,</em> by Caryn Hannan.<br /><a href="https://www.loc.gov/pictures/related/?fi=subject&q=Lovejoy%2C%20Owen%20R.--%28Owen%20Reed%29%2C--1866-1961." target="_blank" title="Photographs of Lovejoy" rel="noreferrer noopener">Owen R. Lovejoy</a>, Library of Congress Prints & Photographs</span>
Some Constitutional Aspects of the Child Labor Amendment [Anti- Child Labor Amendment materials]
Materials sent to pastors in the Presbyterian Church in the United States (PCUS), urging them to contact their state representatives to oppose ratification of the Child Labor Amendment, which was adopted by Congress in 1924. <br /><br />Included are a note from Rev. William Crowe of the Westminster Presbyterian Church in Saint Louis, Mo; a letter from Sterling E. Edmunds, Director of the Missouri Committee for the Protection of Child, Family, School and Church; and a pamphlet produced by the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentinels_of_the_Republic" target="_blank" title="Sentinels of the Republic" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sentinels of the Republic</a> containing an address titled, "Some Constitutional Aspects of the Child Labor Amendment" by Sterling E. Edmunds.<br /><br />Sterling Edmunds begins his cover letter, <br /><br />"Dear Sir: <br />A well-financed organized lobby, under the direction of the women of the Labor Department in Washington, will storm your Legislature at Richmond on January 10, 1934, and seek immediate ratification of the so-called Child Labor Amendment, before its dangerous import can become known."<br /><br />In the pamphlet, Edmunds argues that term "labor" in the amendment also refers to mental labor such as takes place by students in school. He states that the Child Labor Amendment would therefore allow Congress to take control of all public and private schools. This, he claims, is socialism.<br /><br />The Sentinels of the Republic was a national organization that opposed what it saw as federal encroachment on the rights of the States and of the individual. The group was highly active in the 1920s and 1930s, during which it worked against child labor legislation and the New Deal.<br /><br />The Child Labor Amendment is a proposed amendment to the U.S. Constitution that was adopted by the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate in 1924, but never ratified by the required number of U.S. state legislatures. <br /><br />Excerpts:<br /><br />Pamphlet p. 4 "It is this aspect of the so-called Child Labor Amendment which, in my opinion, would give to Congress ultimate control over all education, public as well as private, with respect to persons up to their 18th year. <br /><br />And from my search into the history of the activities of the women who founded and have directed the federal Children's Bureau, and who drafted this amendment, I am convinced that is one of their objects.<br /><br />This is a piece of socialism, which would alter the underlying principles of our free system of government. I view the Amendment as treason to the unrepresented and voiceless millions of today and of the future who will be deprived by it of their constitutional rights and regimented under a socialistic tyranny."
Edmunds, Sterling E., 1880-1944
Crowe, William
<a href="https://upsem.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/?rm=CHILD+LABOR+PA0%7C%7C%7C1%7C%7C%7C0%7C%7C%7Ctrue" target="_blank" title="Child Labor Pamphlets, Union Presbyterian Seminary Library" rel="noreferrer noopener">Child Labor Pamphlets, 1908 - 1935</a> digital collection, William Smith Morton Library, Union Presbyterian Seminary
1933
Union Presbyterian Seminary Library
<span>The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. <br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/</a><br /></span>
Learn more:<br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=Child+Labor+Amendment" target="_blank" title="Items related to the Child Labor Amendment" rel="noreferrer noopener">Child Labor Amendment</a>, Social Welfare History Image Portal<br />"<a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/programs/child-welfarechild-labor/a-needed-amendment-to-restrict-child-labor/" target="_blank" title="Article from The Nation, January 1934" rel="noreferrer noopener">A Needed Amendment To Restrict Child Labor</a>" <em>The Nation. </em>January, 1934. Social Welfare History Project<br /><a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/programs/child-welfarechild-labor/child-labor/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Child Labor</a>, Social Welfare History Project
Errand Boys, Child Labor Street Permit #254 [pinback button]
Child labor street permit. This pinback button for an errand boy was issued in 1929. Variant state seal with armored Virtus and mountains in the distance.
Department of Labor and Industry, Commonwealth of Virginia
M 9, Box 230, <a href="http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/vcu/repositories/5/resources/279.oai_ead.xml" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978</a>, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
1929
<span>Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries</span>
<span>All content created by the VCU Libraries faculty and staff on the VCU Libraries Social Welfare History Image Portal is licensed under the </span><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/"><span>Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)</span></a><span>. If you have questions, </span><a href="https://www.library.vcu.edu/research/askus/">contact us</a><span>.</span>
Learn more:<br /><a href="http://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/programs/child-welfarechild-labor/child-labor/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Child Labor</a>, Social Welfare History Project<br /><a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/organizations/children-labor-film-1912/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Children Who Labor - film (1912)</a>, Social Welfare History Project <br /><a href="http://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/programs/child-welfarechild-labor/shift-child-labor-1933/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><br /></a>
Casualties of Child Labor: Ten Children Illegally Employed in Pennsylvania and What Happened to Them
Pamphlet issued by the Consumers' League of Eastern Pennsylvania as an exposé of workplace accidents involving children. The authors make an appeal to regulate child labor, and “To break down the conspiracy of silence” (p. 11) about illegal child employment. <br /><br /> The cover summarizes the cases discussed in the pamphlet:<br /><br /> "Two killed – one smothered to death and one blown to pieces<br /> Six seriously injured – hands crushed, fingers amputated, leg mangled<br /> Two of the injured permanently incapacited<br /> Two injured more or less seriously”
De Lima, Agnes <br />McConnell, Beatrice, 1894-1985
<a href="https://archives.lib.umn.edu/repositories/11/resources/2432">Paul U. Kellogg papers</a>. <a href="https://archives.lib.umn.edu/repositories/11/archival_objects/505670">Child Labor Amendment, 1923-1927</a>. <a href="https://archives.lib.umn.edu/repositories/11/archival_objects/505670">Box: 22, Folder: 197.</a> Social Welfare History Archives, University of Minnesota Libraries
Consumers' League of Eastern Pennsylvania
1924 December
Social Welfare History Archive, University of Minnesota Libraries
<span>The organization that has made the Item available reasonably believes that the Item is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. </span><br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/</a>
Wages of Saleswomen: What the United States Government Says and What the Consumers' League Knows
This pamphlet by the Consumers' League is an analysis of the 1907-1910 Bureau of Labor report on the condition of woman and child wage earners in the United States. Specifically, this pamphlet looks into the 391 girls who worked in New York City's department stores.
Consumers' League
M 86 Box 1, <a href="http://search.vaheritage.org/vivaxtf/view?docId=vcu-cab/vircu00079.xml" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Roberta Wellford Collection of Women's Rights Ephemera 1915-1956</a>, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
J J O'BRIEN & SON
Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
This item is in the public domain. Acknowledgement of the Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.
Learn more:<br /><a href="http://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/programs/child-welfarechild-labor/child-labor-in-new-york-city/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Child Labor in New York City</a>, Social Welfare History Project
Standards for the Employment of Women in Work on War Supplies as submitted to the Advisory Commission of the Council of National Defense
A report from the Committee on Women in Industry of the Advisory Commission of the Council of National Defense. <br /><br />These standards include recommendations on tenement house work, child labor, protection of mothers, wages, hours, seats, extra heavy and extra hazardous occupations, dangerous trades, heavy lifting, and exposure to heat and cold. <br /><br />Header: Committee on Women in Industry of the Advisory Commission of the Council of National Defense, Washington, D.C.<br /><br />"Your Committee on Women in Industry urges the adoption of the following standards for work done for the Government in order to secure the fullest possible protection for women wage-earners."
Committee on Women in Industry. Advisory Commission of the Council of National Defense.
M 86 Box 1, <a href="http://search.vaheritage.org/vivaxtf/view?docId=vcu-cab/vircu00079.xml" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Roberta Wellford Collection of Women's Rights Ephemera 1915-1956</a>, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
Committee on Women in Industry of the Advisory Commission of the Council of National Defense
1918
Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
This item is in the public domain. Acknowledgement of the Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.
Learn more:<br /><a href="http://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/programs/mothers-aid/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Mother's Aid</a>, Social Welfare History Project
"The Child Labor Amendment" to U.S. Constitution. [Anti- Child Labor Amendment pamphlet]
A report by the Committee on Industrial Relations to the New York Board of Trade and Transportation. <br /><br />The pamphlet states that a child labor amendment is not needed and that “…it makes a natural and sympathetic appeal calculated to forestall criticism or disarm antagonism…” (p.1) It also outlines arguments against the amendment, including that many problems of child labor have already been addressed; the amendment impinges on parent child relationships; that child labor issues are local rather than national ones and that states have the “necessary powers” to oversee them; and that an amendment would lead to the “Communistic or Bolshevistic Nationalization of Children.” (p. 6)<br /><br />The report is signed by the Committee on Industrial Relations<br /><br />William McCarroll, Chairman<br />August Goldsmith<br />Edwin S. Bayer<br />Frank B. McCord<br />E. C. Miller<br />John G. Walber<br />Dudley Farrand<br /><br />Adopted December 10, 1924 by New York Board of Trade and Transportation.
Committee on Industrial Relations to the New York Board of Trade and Transportation
<span><a href="https://archives.lib.umn.edu/repositories/11/resources/2432" target="_blank" title="Paul U. Kellogg papers, finding aid" rel="noreferrer noopener">Paul U. Kellogg papers</a>. <a href="https://archives.lib.umn.edu/repositories/11/archival_objects/505670" title="Child Labor Amendment, finding aid">Child Labor Amendment 1923-1927</a>, Box 22 Folder 197, Social Welfare History Archives, University of Minnesota Libraries </span>
1924 December 10
Social Welfare History Archives, University of Minnesota Libraries
<span>The organization that has made the Item available reasonably believes that the Item is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. <br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/</a><br /></span>
<span>Learn more:</span><br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=Child+Labor+Amendment" target="_blank" title="Items related to the Child Labor Amendment" rel="noreferrer noopener">Child Labor Amendment</a><span>, Social Welfare History Image Portal</span><br /><span>"</span><a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/programs/child-welfarechild-labor/a-needed-amendment-to-restrict-child-labor/" target="_blank" title="Article from The Nation, January 1934" rel="noreferrer noopener">A Needed Amendment To Restrict Child Labor</a><span>" </span><em>The Nation. </em><span>January, 1934. Social Welfare History Project</span><br /><a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/programs/child-welfarechild-labor/child-labor/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Child Labor</a><span>, Social Welfare History Project</span>
Labor Laws in War Time. Special Bulletin, No. 1, April, 1917
Publication discussing the importance of protections for the civilian labor force during wartime. Discusses efficiencey Includes concerns for safety, sanitation, hours, wages, child labor, woman's work, social insurance, labor market and administration of labor laws.<br /><br />Along with other minimum requirements, argues for a three-shift system in continuous industries, one day's rest in seven for all workers, equal pay for equal work without discrimination as to sex, and the prohibition of specially hazardous employment for children under sixteen.
American Association for Labor Legislation
<span>M 9 Box 98, </span><a href="http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/vcu/repositories/5/resources/279.oai_ead.xml" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978</a>, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
American Association for Labor Legistlation, New York.
1917 April
Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
This item is in the public domain. Acknowledgement of the Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.
Learn more:<br /><a href="http://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/organizations/labor/u-s-department-of-labor-history/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">U.S. Department of Labor History</a>, Social Welfare History Project