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                  <text>Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries</text>
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                <text>The Tertium Quid! [editorial cartoon by Fred O. Seibel]</text>
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                <text>Editorial cartoon by Fred O. Seibel for &lt;em&gt;The Knickerbocker Press. &lt;/em&gt;Mounted and identified as no. 843.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Image Description: Capital, Labor, and The Public sit at a table as Uncle Sam raises his eyebrows and appears worried. Labor is big and brawny. Capital wears a suit and spats. The public is presented as a child in a tall chair. A sign on the wall reads "Conference of Capital, Labor and the &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;Public&lt;/span&gt;." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A "tertium quid" is a third thing that is undefined but is related to two definite or known things.</text>
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                <text>Seibel, Fred O.</text>
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                <text>M 23, Box 3, cartoon no. 843, &lt;a href="https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vcu-cab/vircu00068.xml" target="_blank" title="finding aid" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Frederick Otto Seibel papers, 1882-1968.&lt;/a&gt; James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries.</text>
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                <text>1919 - 1922</text>
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                <text>Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries</text>
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                <text>NO KNOWN COPYRIGHT&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The organization that has made the Item available reasonably believes that the Item is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/" target="_blank" title="Rights Statement" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please acknowledge VCU Libraries as a source.</text>
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                <text>They Are Advancing</text>
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                <text>&lt;span&gt;Pamphlet advocating for the Child Labor Amendment, passed in 1924, but never ratified.&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>National Child Labor Committee (U.S.)</text>
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                <text>&lt;span&gt;M 9 Box 101, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_279.xml" target="_blank" title="finding aid" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978&lt;/a&gt;, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries</text>
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                <text>The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/"&gt;http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Learn more:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/programs/child-welfarechild-labor/national-child-labor-committee/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;An Amendment to the Constitution is Needed to Give the United States Power to Safeguard the Child Life of the Nation&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;National Child Labor Committee (NCLC): Founded April 25, 1904&lt;/a&gt;, Social Welfare History Project&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/programs/child-welfarechild-labor/a-needed-amendment-to-restrict-child-labor/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;A Needed Amendment To Restrict Child Labor&lt;/a&gt;, Social Welfare History Project&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/organizations/children-labor-film-1912/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Children Who Labor - film (1912)&lt;/a&gt;, Social Welfare History Project</text>
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                <text>Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries</text>
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        <name>Child Labor Amendment</name>
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        <name>National Child Labor Committee</name>
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                <text>Use of Mexican Workers Does Not Depress Farm Wages</text>
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                <text>This article compares the hourly wages of farm workers state-by-state, along with the number of Mexican workers employed in 1962. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The document's author states, "The current average hourly farm wage of the 21 States in which Mexican workers were used in 1962 is $1.13 per hour. The average of the 27 States in which no Mexican nationals were used in 1962 is $1.04 per hour...."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"One conclusion, however is obvious; that factors other than employment of Mexican nationals dominate in the establishment of farm wage rates and if there is &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;any correlation whatever between the employment of Mexican nationals, or the number employed, and the level of farm wages in the various States, it is that farm wages tend to be higher in States where substantial numbers of Mexican workers are employed."&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://www.baylor.edu/lib/poage/doc.php/251040.pdf" target="_blank" title="W. R. Poage papers finding aid" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Box 241, f. 13&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;, W. R. Poage Papers, The W. R. Poage Legislative Library Political Collections, Baylor University Libraries&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>1963</text>
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                <text>Baylor University Libraries</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2378">
                <text>&lt;a href="http://www.baylor.edu/lib/digitization/digitalrights" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;http://www.baylor.edu/lib/digitization/digitalrights&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;span&gt;Learn more:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;Hazelton, A. J. (2017). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0898030617000185" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Farmworker Advocacy through Guestworker Policy: Secretary of Labor James P. Mitchell and the Bracero Program.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;Journal of Policy History&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span&gt; 29 (July), p. 431-461. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0898030617000185" target="_blank" class="url doi" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://doi.org/10.1017/S0898030617000185&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;Cosgrove, B. (2013) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://time.com/3722532/bitter-harvest-life-with-americas-migrant-workers-1959/" target="_blank" title="Bitter Harvest (photographs)" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Bitter Harvest: LIFE With America's Migrant Workers, 1959&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;LIFE magazine&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;Mar 10, 2013. (Previously unpublished photographs by &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;Michael Rougier). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/show/317" target="_blank" title="Migrant Children and Youth by Florence Wyckoff" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Migrant Children and Youth&lt;/a&gt;, Social Welfare History Image Portal</text>
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        <name>agriculture</name>
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        <name>Braceros</name>
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        <name>Mexico</name>
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        <name>migrants</name>
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                  <text>Virginia Museum of History &amp; Culture</text>
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                <text>Virginia Federation of Labor Convention Badge. Bristol, Va., April 3, 4, 5, 1922</text>
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                <text>Virginia Federation of Labor delegate's convention badge. Delegates represented local unions at the state gathering. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;The Virginia Federation of Labor was aligned with the &lt;a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/show/228" target="_blank" title="AFL Song" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;American Federation of Labor&lt;/a&gt;, the powerful organization of unions led by Samuel Gompers. Although southern workers struggled to organize successfully in large numbers, unions nonetheless became a force. Between 1885 and 1890, according to one historian, twenty-three national or international unions organized locals in Virginia. Another scholar estimates that by the turn of the twentieth century, about 10% of Richmond’s industrial workers were represented by unions. That success was tempered, however, by the pervasive racism of the period. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When the Knights of Labor held a national convention in Richmond in 1886, the New York delegation was refused accommodations because one of their members was an African American. By 1919 progress in racial cooperation had been made at the national level. That progress was reflected at the Virginia State Federation of Labor’s annual convention, in the same year, in Alexandria. W.H. Page, of Newport News, became the first African American to be appointed to the Virginia group’s executive council. Black labor leaders, and black newspapers, praised the move, but it also prompted angry backlash. Some two thousand white unionists, of Richmond, left the Federation of Labor in protest of Page’s appointment. Those episodes evoke the racial tensions of the Jim Crow South.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Image Description: &lt;br /&gt;This round badge has blue lettering on a white background with a multi-color &lt;a href="https://archive.org/details/statearmsofunion00lpra/page/n7" target="_blank" title="State Arms of the Union, L. Prang &amp;amp; Co, 1876" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;coat of arms of Virginia&lt;/a&gt; in the center. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Inscribed in blue: "27TH ANNUAL CONVENTION / VA. FEDERATION OF LABOR" above the seal and "APRIL 3.4.5, 1922, BRISTOL, VA." below. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Suspended from oval badge inscribed : "DELEGATE".  &lt;br /&gt;The back of the badge reads "The Whitehead and Hoag Co. Buttons, Badges, Novelties and Signs. Newark, N.J."</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://museumcatalog.virginiahistory.org/final/portal.aspx?lang=en-US" target="_blank" title="Virginia Historical Society catalog" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;&lt;span&gt;2002.148.6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, Virginia Museum of History &amp;amp; Culture, Virginia Historical Society</text>
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                <text>M 86 Box 1,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://search.vaheritage.org/vivaxtf/view?docId=vcu-cab/vircu00079.xml" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Roberta Wellford Collection of Women's Rights Ephemera 1915-1956&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;James Branch Cabell Library,&amp;nbsp;VCU Libraries</text>
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                <text>Learn more:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/programs/child-welfarechild-labor/child-labor/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Child Labor&lt;/a&gt;, Social Welfare History Project&lt;a href="http://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/organizations/labor/labor-history-timeline-1607-1999/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries</text>
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