Code of Wartime Practices for American Broadcasters
This pamphlet is a revision of the first Code of Wartime Practices for American Broadcasters issues five months previously. It contains guidelines for voluntary censorship related to "News" and "Programs." Because of the international character of radio broadcast, certain types of information was to be kept off air, including weather; troop locations, strength and movements; damage by enemy attacks; naval or air force information; fortifications; rumors or unconfirmed reports; diplomatic information; and information regarding the new location of art objects or national archives. <br /><br />Telephone calls were not to be aired as they could not be vetted; likewise prohibited were quiz shows and other programs where the enemy might usurp the microphone or an audience member might inadvertantly share information that could aid the enemy. <br /><br />Pamphlet is signed "The Office of Censorship, Byron Price. Director. June 15, 1942"<br /><br />Excerpts: <br />p.2 "...it is the responsibility of every American to help prevent the dissemination of information which will be of value to the enemy and inimical to the war effort.... <br /><br />To combat these dangers effectively, broadcast management must be in complete control of all programming every minute of every day of operation. That accomplished, the broadcasting industry will have fulfilled an important wartime obligation." <br /><br />p. 8 "Radio is requested to avoid dramatic programs which attempt to portray the horrors of war, and sound effects which might be mistaken for air raid alarms, or for any other defense alarms."<br /><br />"Broadcasters should ask themselves, 'Is this information of value to the enemy?' If the answer is 'Yes,' they should not use it."
U. S. Government Office of Censorship
M 172, Box 5, Radio Speech Material 1937-46, <a href="http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/vcu/repositories/5/resources/384.oai_ead.xml" target="_blank" title="Calvin T. Lucy Papers, 1914 - 1978" rel="noreferrer noopener">Calvin T. Lucy Papers 1914 - 1978</a>, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.
1942 June 15
Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
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Education by Radio. Vol. II, No. 1. First Quarter 1941.
From header, "A Bulletin to Promote the Use of Radio for Educational, Cultural, and Civic Purposes" <br /><br />A quarterly publication by The National Committee on Education in Radio. <br />Committee members: <br />Arthur G. Crane, Chairman <br />James E. Cummings <br />Harold G. Ingham <br />Bruce E. Mahan <br />C. S. Marsh <br />Charles A. Robinson, S. J. <br />Willis A. Sutton <br />H. J. Umberger, Vicechairman <br />L. S. Woods <br /><br />The Committee was a member of the Educational Press Association of America. <br /><br />The lead article is titled, "Radio Builds Democracy."<br /><br />p. 23 "Radio has peculiar responsibilities to its listeners. The license of the local radio station gives it monolpoly rights to the air which belongs ot all of us, the people. In return, we expect the station to serve the public faithfully in 'public interest, convenience, and necessity,' as the law demands. <br />...radio has made the nation one great town meeting...We listen to news, to information, to opinion. We hear America's best speakers and thinkers argue for their views just as the city Fathers did in historic New England. The spoken word carries the warmth of the speaker's personality, conveys his sincerity and his enthusiasm which the printed page cannot convey. Radio listening insures correct reporting, because so many of us hear the broadcast. Radio with its nationwide audiences helps make democracy work." <br /><br />An article C.A. Siepman titled, "<a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2262534?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents" target="_blank" title="original article "Can Radio Educate?"" rel="noreferrer noopener">Can Radio Educate</a>?" is excerpted from a piece in <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/i313653?refreqid=excelsior%3A9a613651bae2e4f279d107434588a9aa" target="_blank" title="radio education issue" rel="noreferrer noopener"><em>The Journal of Educational Sociology</em></a> "devoted exclusively to radio problems." (p. 25-26)<br /><br />A notice is included about The Library of Congress <a href="https://catalog.loc.gov/vwebv/search?searchArg=radio+research+project&searchCode=GKEY%5E*&searchType=0&recCount=25&sk=en_US" target="_blank" title="Library of Congress audio recordings Radio Research Project" rel="noreferrer noopener">Radio Research Project</a> begun on January 1, 1941 "to investigate possible uses of radio as a medium to make available to the American public parts of the record of American culture maintained in the Library of Congress." (p. 24)<br /><br />Another note (p. 25) describes a series of radio programs about African Americans that is being prepared by the U. S. Office of Education. This almost certainly refers to the work of Ambrose Caliver, Senior Specialist in the Education of Negroes. Caliver published numerous articles and pamphlets about African American education. He also created a nine-part radio series, broadcast on NBC, called “Freedom Peoples.” "Freedom Peoples" broke new ground as the first substantial program in mass media that focused on African American life and history. The program featured guest appearances from Paul Robeson, Joe Louis, and A. Philip Randolph.
National Committee on Education by Radio
M 172, Box 5, <a href="http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/vcu/repositories/5/resources/384.oai_ead.xml" target="_blank" title="finding aid" rel="noreferrer noopener">Calvin T. Lucy papers 1914-1978</a>, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
1941
Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
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Learn more: <br /><a href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=creator%3A%22National+Committee+on+Education+by+Radio%22" target="_blank" title="publications by the National Committee on Education by Radio" rel="noreferrer noopener">National Committee on Education by Radio</a>, Internet Archive.<br />"<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3dXw6gR2GgkC&pg=PA134&lpg=PA134&dq=united+states+office+of+education+negro+contributions+to+american+life&source=bl&ots=00aTT-uumK&sig=4M3ATHdEy6VkDwRrNqQ6skYY4t4&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj67Kn08o3dAhXSneAKHWl0A3MQ6AEwA3oECAcQAQ#v=onepage&q=united%20states%20office%20of%20education%20negro%20contributions%20to%20american%20life&f=false" target="_blank" title="Ambrose Caliver biography" rel="noreferrer noopener">Caliver, Ambrose</a>" (2004). <em>African American Lives </em>(pp. 133-134). Edited by Henry Louis Gates Jr., Evelyn Brooks Higginbotham. New York: Oxford University Press. <br />Smith, S. <a href="http://americanradioworks.publicradio.org/features/jim_crow/freedomspeople.html" target="_blank" title="Radio Fights Jim Crow" rel="noreferrer noopener">Radio Fights Jim Crow</a> (2001). American Public Media. <br /><em><a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/i313653?refreqid=excelsior%3A9a613651bae2e4f279d107434588a9aa" target="_blank" title="radio education issue" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Journal of Educational Sociology</a>. </em>Education Turns the Dial. Vol. 14, No. 6, Feb., 1941. <br /><a href="https://www.whitehousehistory.org/the-fireside-chats-roosevelts-radio-talks" target="_blank" title="FDR's "Fireside Chats"" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Fireside Chats: Roosevelt's Radio Talks</a>. The White House Historical Association.<br /><a href="https://daily.jstor.org/can-radio-really-educate/">Can Radio Really Educate?</a> JSTOR Daily.