Pilgrimage of Prayer for Public Schools, January 1, 1959 [broadside]
Broadside advertising A Pilgrimage of Prayer for Public Schools, January 1, 1959 in Richmond, Va. At this event, organizers played a seven-minute pre-recorded message from Dr. King. A <a href="The%20Martin%20Luther%20King,%20Jr.%20Research%20and%20Education%20Institute" target="_blank" title="transcription of Walker's letter to Dr. King" rel="noreferrer noopener">description of the event</a> by Wyatt Tee Walker as reported to Dr. King is available online. More than 1,500 people attended. <br /><br />Text: <br />Martin Luther King joins your Religious and Civic Leaders in Urging All Virginians to Come to Richmond in A Pilgrimage For Public Schools on EMANCIPATION DAY January 1, 1959. <br /><br />You will assemble at THE MOSQUE Laurel and Main Streets promptly at 2:30 P.M. <br /><br />"Let us not deceive ourselves! We have among us politicians who will not hesitate to CLOSE ALL PUBLIC SCHOOLS IN VIRGINIA. We must demonstrate to Virginia and the nation by our presence and action that we will not tolerate this crime against Virginia's children." --Dr. Philip Y. Wyatt <br /><br />WHICH WILL IT BE? Free Eduation? or Closed Schools? <br /><br />"Only through the preservation of a free, desegregated public school system can a people be fully emancipated from the shackles of prejudice and inequality. American democracy itself is at stake. This is your pilgrimage." --The Rev. Wyatt Tee Walker
M 306 Box 2, folder 8, <a href="https://archives.library.vcu.edu/repositories/5/resources/145" target="_blank" title="finding aid" rel="noreferrer noopener">Richmond Crusade for Voters collection</a>, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU LIbraries
1959
Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
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Learn more: <br /><br /><a href="https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/king-papers/documents/wyatt-tee-walker-1#ftnref6" target="_blank" title="Transcription of letter" rel="noreferrer noopener">Text of letter from Wyatt Tee Walker, pastor of Gillfield Baptist Church in Petersburg, to Martin Luther King, Jr.</a> reporting on a 1 January Prayer Pilgrimage to protest the efforts of Virginia officials to block public school integration. Stanford University, The Martin Luther King, Jr. Research and Education Institute. <br /><br /><a href="https://collections.library.yale.edu/catalog/11237274" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Leaflet. Passive Resisance to Massive Resistance</a>. Leaflet with photographs of the Prayer Pilgrimage. Digital Collections. Yale University Library.<br /><br /><div><a href="http://www.lva.virginia.gov/exhibits/brown/pilgrimage.htm" target="_blank" title="Program for the Pilgrimage of Prayer in Richmond, VA" rel="noreferrer noopener">Program, Pilgrimage of Prayer for Public Schools, January 1, 1959.</a> Library of Virginia.<br /><br /></div>
<a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=massive+resistance" target="_blank" title="Massive resistance materials" rel="noreferrer noopener">Massive resistance</a>, Social Welfare History Image Portal.<br /><br /><a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Massive_Resistance" target="_blank" title="Massive resistance" rel="noreferrer noopener">Massive resistance</a>, <em>Encyclopedia Virginia. <br /></em><br /><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/23/obituaries/wyatt-tee-walker-dead.html" target="_blank" title="NYT Obituary" rel="noreferrer noopener">Wyatt Tee Walker, Dr. King's Strategist and a Harlem Leader, Dies at 88</a>, <em>The New York Times. <br /></em><br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=Martin+Luther+King+Jr." target="_blank" title="items related to MLK, Jr." rel="noreferrer noopener">Martin Luther King, Jr.</a>, Social Welfare History Image Portal.
Interracial News Service, vol. 11, no. 1. January 1940
A news digest published by the Department of Race Relations, Federal Council of Churches, New York, NY. <br /><br />The Federal Council of Churches was an ecumenical association of Protestant denominations in the United States founded in Philadelphia in 1908. It merged with other ecumenical bodies in 1950 to form the present day National Council of Churches. <br /><br />Masthead: "Gleanings from press releases and other sources to inform busy but sincere people of some of the things affecting the lives of racial minorities. Let's do away with walls ! 'We are all one in Christ Jesus.'<br />The Material in the News Service is given for information and is not to be construed as declarations of official attitudes or policies of the Department of Race Relations or the Federal Council of Churches." <br /><br />This issue takes a look back at 1939, noting important stories and trends. Topics include lynchings, jobs and organized labor, peonage, housing, civil rights, health, law, spots, arts, religion, literature, World War 2, and science.<br /><br />Selected notices:<br />p. 1 "The Department of Records of Tuskegee Institute lists only three lynchings for the year 1939, a sharp decrease from former years. In eighteen instances law enforcement officers were credited with preventing lynchings, saving twenty-five persons from 'the hands of mobs,'" <br /><br />p. 2 "The right to vote has been sought with new vigor by Negroes in Southern states. The Klan was revived in an effort to terrify Negroes and keep them from registering in Florida and South Carolina...." <br /><br />"The refusal of library service was dramatized in Alexandria, Va., where the public librarian called the police to remove five colored youths who sought service in this public institution. Mrs. Mary McLeod Bethune, Director of Negro Affairs for the NYA reported at a meeting of the Southern Education Foundation that only 14 per cent of 509 public libraries in 13 Southern stataes provided service for Negroes."<br /><br />"Health facilities for Negroes are notably lacking. A study in Mississippi made by the American Medical Association showed that there was only one Negro physician for each 14,221 colored persons and only 731 beds in general hospitals for the entire Negro population of more than a million in the state. It is estimated that 75 per cent of the deaths from tuberculosis are Negroes but only 40 beds are available for their care. This represents the worst type of situation." <br /><br />p. 3 "Joe Louis world's heavyweight champion, defended his title four times in 1939." <br /><br />"Marian Anderson, internationally known contralto, soared to new heights when she sang to 75,000 and a nationwide radio audience from the steps of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, after exclusion by the D. A. R. from using Constitution Hall." <br /><br />"The threatened growth of anti-Semitism has intensified the study of race relations and many church groups have broadened their consideration of race to include this problem." <br /><br />"The Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues issued a statement declaring that experiments showed no characteristic inherent psychological differences to distinguish so-called 'races.'" <br /><br />"From the American Jewish Committee, New York...<br />Stimulated by the meeting between representatives of the Jewish press and Negro organizations held at the end of September, the Jewish press in the United States has undertaken a systemic campaign to improve relations between Negroes and Jews."
<a href="https://vcu-alma-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=VCU_ALMA21375204090001101&context=L&vid=VCUL&search_scope=all_scope&tab=all&lang=en_US" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="catalog entry">E 185.5.I68</a>, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Libraries, VCU Libraries
1940 January
Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
NO KNOWN COPYRIGHT <br />The organization that has made the Item available reasonably believes that the Item is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. <br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/</a>
Learn more: <br /><em><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=Southern+Frontier" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Issues of The Southern Frontier">The Southern Frontier</a>,</em> Social Welfare History Image Portal <br /><a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/eras/civil-war-reconstruction/jim-crow-laws-andracial-segregation/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Jim Crow Laws">Jim Crow Laws and Racial Segregation</a>, Social Welfare History Project
Interracial News Service, vol. 10, no. 5. October, 1939
A news digest published by the Department of Race Relations, Federal Council of Churches, New York, NY. <br /><br />The Federal Council of Churches was an ecumenical association of Protestant denominations in the United States founded in Philadelphia in 1908. It merged with other ecumenical bodies in 1950 to form the present day National Council of Churches. <br /><br />Masthead: "Gleanings from press releases and other sources to inform busy but sincere people of some of the things affecting the lives of racial minorities. Let's do away with walls ! 'We are all one in Christ Jesus.'<br />The Material in the News Service is given for information and is not to be construed as declarations of official attitudes or policies of the Department of Race Relations or the Federal Council of Churches." <br /><br />This issue begins with the section "Negroes and the War." "The outbreak of war in Europt has brought penetrating comments from Negroes. We quote from editorials in various papers--all published by Negroes." The use of black troops by colonial powers is denounced. <br /><br />Other items include a notice that Booker T. Washington is to be the first black American honored by the U. S. Government with his face on a postage stamp; the appointment of <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/10/obituaries/10bolin.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="NYTimes obituary for Jane Bolin">Jane Bolin</a> as the first African American woman judge; and the significant bequest of <a href="https://hamiltonhistorical.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="more about John W. Underhill">John W. Underhill</a> to Mays Landing, N.J. <br />
<a href="https://vcu-alma-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=VCU_ALMA21375204090001101&context=L&vid=VCUL&search_scope=all_scope&tab=all&lang=en_US" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="catalog entry">E 185.5.I68</a>, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Libraries, VCU Libraries
1939 October
Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
NO KNOWN COPYRIGHT <br />The organization that has made the Item available reasonably believes that the Item is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. <br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/</a>
Learn more: <br /><em><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=Southern+Frontier" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Issues of The Southern Frontier">The Southern Frontier</a>,</em> Social Welfare History Image Portal <br /><a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/eras/civil-war-reconstruction/jim-crow-laws-andracial-segregation/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Jim Crow Laws">Jim Crow Laws and Racial Segregation</a>, Social Welfare History Project
Interracial News Service, vol. 10, no. 6, December, 1939
A news digest published by the Department of Race Relations, Federal Council of Churches, New York, NY. <br /><br />The Federal Council of Churches was an ecumenical association of Protestant denominations in the United States founded in Philadelphia in 1908. It merged with other ecumenical bodies in 1950 to form the present day National Council of Churches. <br /><br />Masthead: "Gleanings from press releases and other sources to inform busy but sincere people of some of the things affecting the lives of racial minorities. Let's do away with walls ! 'We are all one in Christ Jesus.'<br />The Material in the News Service is given for information and is not to be construed as declarations of official attitudes or policies of the Department of Race Relations or the Federal Council of Churches." <br /><br />This issue contains numerous stories regarding efforts by African Americans to secure equal treatment in educational opportunity. One item reports the removal of "Little Black Sambo" from San Diego, Ca. kindergartens. <br /><br />There are also notices regarding issues of race and various Christian denominations. Other stories concern relief sent to Native Americans in areas hit by drought, the hiring of M. Leo Bohanon to the position of Director of Social Work in Minneapolis, Mn., and a story about the adoption of black children evacuated from London [in "Operation Pied Piper"] and the surprise they carried.
<a href="https://vcu-alma-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=VCU_ALMA21375204090001101&context=L&vid=VCUL&search_scope=all_scope&tab=all&lang=en_US" target="_blank" title="catalog entry" rel="noreferrer noopener">E 185.5.I68</a>, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Libraries, VCU Libraries
1939 December
Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
NO KNOWN COPYRIGHT <br />The organization that has made the Item available reasonably believes that the Item is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. <br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/</a>
Learn more: <br /><em><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=Southern+Frontier" target="_blank" title="Issues of The Southern Frontier" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Southern Frontier</a>,</em> Social Welfare History Image Portal <br /><a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/eras/civil-war-reconstruction/jim-crow-laws-andracial-segregation/" target="_blank" title="Jim Crow Laws" rel="noreferrer noopener">Jim Crow Laws and Racial Segregation</a>, Social Welfare History Project <br /><a href="http://archon.wulib.wustl.edu/?p=creators/creator&id=1157" target="_blank" title="archival materials related to M. Leo Bohanon" rel="noreferrer noopener">M. Leo Bohanon</a>, Department of Special Collections, Washington University Libraries <br /><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp/2018/06/19/what-world-war-iis-operation-pied-piper-taught-us-about-the-trauma-of-family-separations/?utm_term=.2dad577e144b" target="_blank" title="emotional experience of Operation Pied Piper" rel="noreferrer noopener">What World War II’s ‘Operation Pied Piper’ taught us about the trauma of family separations</a>, The Washington Post <br /><br />Annotate a <a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/f15879ba07d33a38fe29b6afbdc8fc9c.pdf" target="_blank" title="go to the PDF of this item" rel="noreferrer noopener">PDF of this document</a> with <a href="https://web.hypothes.is/" target="_blank" title="What is hypothes.is? How do I use it?" rel="noreferrer noopener">hypothes.is</a>
Interracial News Service, vol. 9, no. 4, June 1938
A news digest published by the Department of Race Relations, Federal Council of Churches, New York, NY. <br /><br />The Federal Council of Churches was an ecumenical association of Protestant denominations in the United States founded in Philadelphia in 1908. It merged with other ecumenical bodies in 1950 to form the present day National Council of Churches. <br /><br />Masthead: "Gleanings from press releases and other sources to inform busy but sincere people of some of the things affecting the lives of racial minorities. Let's do away with walls ! 'We are all one in Christ Jesus.'<br />The Material in the News Service is given for information and is not to be construed as declarations of official attitudes or policies of the Department of Race Relations or the Federal Council of Churches." <br /><br />Articles and topics in this issue include:<br /><br />"New Contracts Will Protect Sharecroppers" describing provisions under the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938. (p. 1)<br /><br />"Ethiopia's Farewell" about the defeat of Haile Selassie and the conquest of Ethiopia by Italian fascists. (p. 1ff)<br /><br />"Submits After 15 Days of Picketing" The Kroger Stores, Inc. hire the first African American clerk in the city of Dayton, OH (p. 2)<br /><br />"Yale U. Awards Fellowship to Young Teacher" recounts the awarding of a fellowship to Miss Lucille Sarah Baker, the first fellowship in general studies given to an African American. (p. 3)<br /><br />"34 Are Awarded Rosenwald Fellowships" (p. 3)<br /><br />"Uses Wife as Model; Wins Art Institute Award" about Thurmand Townsend's sculpture of his wife made in mud. (p. 4) <br /><br />The section, Race Issues in Church Circles, includes "Church Vs. Christianity," "Brave White Friends Need of Our Race," and "Negro and White Churches Must Unify." (p. 4)<br /><br /><br /><br /><br />
<a href="https://vcu-alma-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=VCU_ALMA21375204090001101&context=L&vid=VCUL&search_scope=all_scope&tab=all&lang=en_US" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="catalog entry">E 185.5.I68</a>, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Libraries, VCU Libraries
June 1938
Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
The organization that has made the Item available reasonably believes that the Item is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. <br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/</a>
Learn more: <br /><em><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=Southern+Frontier" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Issues of The Southern Frontier">The Southern Frontier</a>,</em><span> Social Welfare History Image Portal </span><br /><a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/eras/civil-war-reconstruction/jim-crow-laws-andracial-segregation/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Jim Crow Laws">Jim Crow Laws and Racial Segregation</a><span>, Social Welfare History Project </span>
Interracial News Service, vol. 10, no. 1, January 1939
A news digest published by the Department of Race Relations, Federal Council of Churches, New York, NY. <br /><br />The Federal Council of Churches was an ecumenical association of Protestant denominations in the United States founded in Philadelphia in 1908. It merged with other ecumenical bodies in 1950 to form the present day National Council of Churches. <br /><br />Masthead: "Gleanings from press releases and other sources to inform busy but sincere people of some of the things affecting the lives of racial minorities. Let's do away with walls ! 'We are all one in Christ Jesus.'<br />The Material in the News Service is given for information and is not to be construed as declarations of official attitudes or policies of the Department of Race Relations or the Federal Council of Churches." <br /><br />Articles and topics in this issue include:<br /><br />p. 1 "Editor Fears Results of Educational Equality" discusses a statement made by Virginius Dabney, editor of the Richmond <em>Times-Dispatch</em> that admitting African Americans to institutions of higher education would be harmful to racial relations in Virginia. <br /><br />p. 2 "Birmingham is Scene of Liberal Conference" about the Southern Conference for Human Welfare, held Nov. 20-23, 1938. <br /><br />"Negroes Denied Ballot Indians Vote Freely" a case from Clinton, NC<br /><br />p. 3 "Truck Driver Lynched for Asking Favor" regarding the death of Wilder McGowan in Mississippi<br /><br />"White Women of South Condemn Lynch Evil" the Mississippi Council of the Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching condemned McGowan's lunching. The article relates, "One-fourth of Wiggins [Mississippi] took part in the lynching party. 'It was very orderly,' contends Sheriff S. C. Hinton." <br /><br />"Negroes and Anti-Semitism"<br />"What About Lynching?"<br />"Negroes Pray for Jews"<br />"Shall We Hate the Jews?" <br /><br />p.4 "The German press has retaliated to American protests as quoted by the N.Y <em>Herald-Tribune</em> for Nov. 16th and 20th... 'The "Voelkischer Beobachter" said that 'the Americans, who continue to treat their Negroes as second class citizens and in whose country lynch justice is, so to speak, good manners, are the least warranted to take upon themselves the role of moral sympathizers'"<br /><br />"F.D.R. Told of Ban on Skilled Negro Workers" <br /><br />"Steps Toward Solving the Negro Problem" discusses the increasing poverty, incarceration, and tuberculosis of African Americans in Washington, DC. <br /><br />"Working Condition, Wages Large Factors in Life Expectancy" regarding the disparity between the life expectancy of blacks and whites as reported by the Surgeon General of the United States.
<a href="https://vcu-alma-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=VCU_ALMA21375204090001101&context=L&vid=VCUL&search_scope=all_scope&tab=all&lang=en_US" target="_blank" title="catalog entry" rel="noreferrer noopener">E 185.5.I68</a>, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Libraries, VCU Libraries
1939 January
Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
The organization that has made the Item available reasonably believes that the Item is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. <br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/</a>
Learn more: <br /><em><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=Southern+Frontier" target="_blank" title="Issues of The Southern Frontier" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Southern Frontier</a>,</em> Social Welfare History Image Portal <br /><a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/eras/civil-war-reconstruction/jim-crow-laws-andracial-segregation/" target="_blank" title="Jim Crow Laws" rel="noreferrer noopener">Jim Crow Laws and Racial Segregation</a>, Social Welfare History Project <br /><a href="http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/article/h-1593" target="_blank" title="Southern Conference for Human Welfare" rel="noreferrer noopener">Southern Conference for Human Welfare</a>, Encyclopedia of Alabama <br /><br />Annotate a <a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/files/original/418882cb0452b3ef52e9f817dadf8ccb.pdf" target="_blank" title="PDF of Interracial News Service v.10, n.1" rel="noreferrer noopener">PDF of this image</a> with <a href="https://web.hypothes.is/" target="_blank" title="What is hypothes.is?" rel="noreferrer noopener">hypothes.is</a>
Interracial News Service vol. 9, no. 5, February 1938
A news digest published by the Department of Race Relations, Federal Council of Churches, New York, NY. <br /><br />The Federal Council of Churches was an ecumenical association of Protestant denominations in the United States founded in Philadelphia in 1908. It merged with other ecumenical bodies in 1950 to form the present day National Council of Churches. <br /><br />Masthead: "Gleanings from press releases and other sources to inform busy but sincere people of some of the things affecting the lives of racial minorities. Let's do away with walls ! 'We are all one in Christ Jesus.'<br />The Material in the News Service is given for information and is not to be construed as declarations of official attitudes or policies of the Department of Race Relations or the Federal Council of Churches." <br /><br />This issue contains tributes to James Weldon Johnson following his death in an automobile accident. Also marked is the death of Arthur A. Schomburg, America's foremost collector of books on African Americans and curator of the largest and rarest collection of its type in the United States. <br /><br />Other topics and articles include:<br /><br />"K.U. Medical School Opens Doors to Negro Students" <br />"Ask American Bar to Admit Negro Lawyers" <br />"Ga. Governor Removes Shakles in Prison Reform" (also removed from Georgia prisions were the sweat-box, and whippings with cat-o-nine tails) <br />"Blue and Gray Vets Gather at Gettysburg" (75th Anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg) <br />"Cotton Picker May Displace Negro Workers" (regarding the Rust Brothers cotton picker)<br />"Italians 'Aryan' Race Purity Urged" (regarding the purge of Jews from Italy)<br />"Vassar Pact Pledges Aid to Minorities" (World Youth Congress at Vassar College)
<a href="https://vcu-alma-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=VCU_ALMA21375204090001101&context=L&vid=VCUL&search_scope=all_scope&tab=all&lang=en_US" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="catalog entry">E 185.5.I68</a>, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Libraries, VCU Libraries
1938 February
Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
The organization that has made the Item available reasonably believes that the Item is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. <br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/</a>
Learn more: <br /><em><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=Southern+Frontier" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Issues of The Southern Frontier">The Southern Frontier</a>,</em> Social Welfare History Image Portal <br /><a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/eras/civil-war-reconstruction/jim-crow-laws-andracial-segregation/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Jim Crow Laws">Jim Crow Laws and Racial Segregation</a>, Social Welfare History Project <br /><a href="https://newspaperarchives.vassar.edu/cgi-bin/vassar?a=d&d=vq19381001-01.2.6" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Vassar Peace Pact">Vassar Peace Pact</a> (1938). <em>Vassar Quarterly</em>, Volume XXIV, Number 1, 1 October 1938, Vassar newspaper archives.
Interracial News Service, vol.9 no.3, April 1938
A news digest published by the Department of Race Relations, Federal Council of Churches, New York, NY. <br /><br />The Federal Council of Churches was an ecumenical association of Protestant denominations in the United States founded in Philadelphia in 1908. It merged with other ecumenical bodies in 1950 to form the present day National Council of Churches. <br /><br />Masthead: "Gleanings from press releases and other sources to inform busy but sincere people of some of the things affecting the lives of racial minorities. Let's do away with walls ! 'We are all one in Christ Jesus.'<br />The Material in the News Service is given for information and is not to be construed as declarations of official attitudes or policies of the Department of Race Relations or the Federal Council of Churches."<br /><br />Articles and topics include: <br /><br />"War Preparations Bring Up Race Issues" <br />"Bill May Open Army Units to Race" <br />"The Anti-Lynching Bill" <br />"Residential Segregation" <br />"Connecticut Whites Fight to Oust Doctor" <br />"Md. Cafe Jim Crows Girl" <br />"Alabama Planter Indicted for Peonage" <br />"Singer Barred from Hotel" (regarding Marian Anderson) <br />"Wins National Novel Contest" (regarding Richard Wright) <br />"Girl, 6, Wins Again at N.Y. Philharmonic" (regarding child prodigy Philippa Schuyler) <br />"School Inequalities" <br />"Close Colored Schools in Mississippi"<br />"Upsetting the Stereotypes"
<a href="https://vcu-alma-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=VCU_ALMA21375204090001101&context=L&vid=VCUL&search_scope=all_scope&tab=all&lang=en_US" target="_blank" title="catalog entry" rel="noreferrer noopener">E 185.5.I68</a>, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Libraries, VCU Libraries
Federal Council of Churches
1938 April
Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
<span>The organization that has made the Item available reasonably believes that the Item is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. <br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/</a><br /></span>
Learn more: <br /><em><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=Southern+Frontier" target="_blank" title="Issues of The Southern Frontier" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Southern Frontier</a>,</em> Social Welfare History Image Portal <br /><a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/eras/civil-war-reconstruction/jim-crow-laws-andracial-segregation/" target="_blank" title="Jim Crow Laws" rel="noreferrer noopener">Jim Crow Laws and Racial Segregation</a><span>, Social Welfare History Project </span>
Reb-Time Records, No. 1862, Oldways Pub. Co
Reb-Time Records No. 1862 by Oldways Pub. Co. <br />This 45 RPM record contains music by "The Coon Hunters." One side is titled, "We Don't Want Niggers (In Our Schools)" and the other is "Nigger, Nigger."
M 342, Box 24, <a href="http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/vcu/repositories/5/resources/158.oai_ead.xml">Edward H. Peeples, Jr. Papers</a>, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library
<span>Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries</span>
The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. <br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/</a>
Learn more: <br /><a href="http://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/exhibits/show/hate-and-extremism/gallery" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Backlash to Reform: Hatred and Extremism</a>, Social Welfare History Image Portal
White Power. The Newspaper of White Revolution, No. 24, February 1972 [National Socialist White Peoples Party publication]
Publication of the National Socialist White Peoples Party, formerly the American Nazi Party founded by George Lincoln Rockwell. Matt Koehl succeeded George Lincoln Rockwell as commander of the NSWPP after Rockwell was shot by John Patler.<br /><br />The cover of this 8-page newspaper declares "Busing is Genocide! Red Race-mixers Planning to Destroy White People But Whites Waking Up! Hated Buses Go Up in Smoke; Jew Mixmasters Warned: 'STOP THIS MURDER - OR YOU'LL BE NEXT TO BURN!'"<br /><br />[Image Description: Three neatly-dressed black elementary school boys stand in front of a Mecklenburg County, NC school bus as two white girls carrying books look on. One of the boys is speaking with a teacher. This photograph is surrounded by jagged white shapes and placed over a photograph of buses burning.]<br /><br />This article describes in violent racist and antisemitic language how the Aryan people of America are coming in growing numbers to the National Socialist movement under the leadership of Matt Koehl. The article continues on page 8 under the title, "Whites: Nixon Could Stop Busing."<br /><br />A second article shown here is "America: A Racial Mission" by Commander Matt Koehl (pages 4 - 5).<br /> <br />Also shown is an advertisement for a subscription to <em>White Power. </em>"SMASH...The Paper Curtain!...Read the most dynamic, idealistic, informative newspaper in the world today! Act now! Don't miss one fact-and-action-packed issue!" <br /><br />An advertisement for the soundtrack of <span>Leni Riefenstahl's 1935 German propganda film, </span><em>Triumph of the Will, </em>says, "Hold a Party rally right in your own living room!" "Also available: Luftwaffe, a stirring album of marches, songs and battle sounds of the German Air Force."
Anti-Semitism Collection, <a href="https://www.bethahabah.org/bama/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Beth Ahabah Museum & Archives</a>
1972 February
Beth Ahabah Museum & Archives
<span>The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. <br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/</a><br /></span>
<span>Learn more: </span><br /><span>Miller, M.E. (2017). </span><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp/2017/08/21/the-shadow-of-an-assassinated-american-nazi-commander-hangs-over-charlottesville/?utm_term=.51e2a2320be3" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">The shadow of an assassinated American Nazi commander hangs over Charlottesville.</a><span> </span><em>The Washington Post</em><span> (August 21, 2017). <br /><a href="http://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/exhibits/show/hate-and-extremism/gallery" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Backlash to Reform: Hatred and Extremism</a>, Social Welfare History Image Portal<br /></span>
James L. Farmer, Jr.
<span>James Farmer, founder of the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE). Sign behind him reads, “END SEGREGATION ACROSS THE NATION."</span>
<a href="https://umw.access.preservica.com/IO_fc70d444-0a51-485d-be7f-e914e2335667/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">The James L. Farmer Collection</a>, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Mary Washington Libraries.<br /><a href="http://archive.umw.edu:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/umw:981"><br /></a>
Special Collections and University Archives, University of Mary Washington Libraries.
<span>This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).</span><br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/</a><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/?language=en" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><br /></a>
Americans Do Not Practice What They Preach [1963 Farmville, Va. protests]
<span>Protestor outside Safeway, Farmville Shopping Center, August 1963. </span><br /><br />Demonstrators carry signs opposing racial segregation, and encouraging shoppers to boycott businesses that support discriminatory practices.<br /><br />From VCU Libraries <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/freedom_now_project/12465792375/in/album-72157640891758243/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Freedom Now Project</a>
<a href="https://digital.library.vcu.edu/islandora/object/vcu%3A4601" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Farmville 1963 Civil Rights Protests</a><span>,</span><span> VCU Libraries Digital Collections</span>
<span>1963 August 24</span>
Digital Collections, VCU Libraries
This item is in the public domain. Acknowledgement of the Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.
Learn more:<a href="https://www.library.vcu.edu/research-teaching/special-collections-and-archives/exhibits/freedom-now/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">VCU Libraries Freedom Now Project</a> <br /><a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Massive_Resistance" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Massive Resistance</a>, <em>Encyclopedia Virginia <br /></em><a href="https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/hist_pubs/3/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Program of Action: The Rev. L. Francis Griffin and the Struggle for Racial Equality in Farmville, 1963</a>, VCU Libraries Scholars Compass.
Closed Schools Constitute Catastrophe!!! [1963 Farmville, Va. protests]
Demonstration in front of Prince Edward County Courthouse, Main Street, Farmville, Va., July 1963, protesting the four-year long closure of the public schools <br /><br />Clara Gibson is closest to camera. Third person in line is Sandra "Sandy" Stokes. Second protester carries sign reading, "Ask Mr. Vaughn Why The Schools Are Closed. He will 'Him' and 'Haw' and Decline to Disclose!"<br /><br />From VCU Libraries <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/freedom_now_project/12464900743/in/album-72157640935144155/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Freedom Now Project</a>
<a href="https://digital.library.vcu.edu/islandora/object/vcu%3A4252" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Farmville 1963 Civil Rights Protests</a><span>,</span><span> VCU Libraries Digital Collections</span>
1963 July
Digital Collections, VCU Libraries
This item is in the public domain. Acknowledgement of the Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.
Learn more:<a href="https://www.library.vcu.edu/research-teaching/special-collections-and-archives/exhibits/freedom-now/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">VCU Libraries Freedom Now Project</a> <br /><a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Massive_Resistance" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Massive Resistance</a>, <em>Encyclopedia Virginia <br /></em><a href="https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/hist_pubs/3/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Program of Action: The Rev. L. Francis Griffin and the Struggle for Racial Equality in Farmville, 1963</a>, VCU Libraries Scholars Compass.
Mr. Grocer: Tell Your Friends, You'll See our Dollars when Segregation Ends! [1963 Farmville, Va. protests]
Protesters <span>at Grants, Farmville Shopping Center, August 1963. Students </span>carry signs opposing racial segregation, and encouraging shoppers to boycott businesses that support discriminatory practices.<br /><br /><span>Darwyn White carries the "Mr. Grocer.." sign. Protester behind her carries sign reading, "If they don't see money, they'll see the truth. Boycott for Freedom."</span><br /><br /><br />From VCU Libraries <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/freedom_now_project/12465273424/in/album-72157640935491185/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Freedom Now Project</a>
<a href="https://digital.library.vcu.edu/islandora/object/vcu%3A4261" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Farmville 1963 Civil Rights Protests</a><span>,</span><span> VCU Libraries Digital Collections</span>
1963 August 24
Digital Collections, VCU Libraries
<span>This item is in the public domain. Acknowledgement of the Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.</span>
Learn more:<a href="https://www.library.vcu.edu/research-teaching/special-collections-and-archives/exhibits/freedom-now/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">VCU Libraries Freedom Now Project</a> <br /><a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Massive_Resistance" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Massive Resistance</a>, <em>Encyclopedia Virginia <br /></em><a href="https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/hist_pubs/3/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Program of Action: The Rev. L. Francis Griffin and the Struggle for Racial Equality in Farmville, 1963</a>, VCU Libraries Scholars Compass.
Don't Buy Segregation [1963 Farmville, Va. protests]
<span><span>Protesters near Southside Sundry and Southside Business Machines, Main Street, Farmville, Va., July 1963.<br /><br /><span>Irene Williams carries "Don't Buy Segregation." Kenneth Johnson stands at left in dark pants.</span></span><br /><br />Protesters carry signs opposing racial segregation, and encouraging shoppers to boycott businesses that support discriminatory practices.</span>
<a href="https://digital.library.vcu.edu/islandora/object/vcu%3A4633" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Farmville 1963 Civil Rights Protests</a><span>,</span><span> VCU Libraries Digital Collections</span>
1963 July
Digital Collections, VCU Libraries
This item is in the public domain. Acknowledgement of the Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.
Learn more:<a href="https://www.library.vcu.edu/research-teaching/special-collections-and-archives/exhibits/freedom-now/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">VCU Libraries Freedom Now Project</a> <br /><a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Massive_Resistance" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Massive Resistance</a>, <em>Encyclopedia Virginia <br /></em><a href="https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/hist_pubs/3/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Program of Action: The Rev. L. Francis Griffin and the Struggle for Racial Equality in Farmville, 1963</a>, VCU Libraries Scholars Compass.
No One is Free Until We All Are Free [1963 Farmville, Va. protests]
Protesters at Safeway, Farmville, Va., August 1963<br /><br />Protesters carry signs opposing racial segregation, and encouraging shoppers to boycott businesses that support discriminatory practices.<br /><br />From VCU Libraries <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/freedom_now_project/12465622704/in/album-72157640891758243/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Freedom Now Project</a>
<a href="https://digital.library.vcu.edu/islandora/object/vcu%3A4376" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Farmville 1963 Civil Rights Protests</a><span>,</span><span> VCU Libraries Digital Collections</span>
1963 August 24
Digital Collections, VCU Libraries
<span>This item is in the public domain. Acknowledgement of the Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.</span>
Learn more:<a href="https://www.library.vcu.edu/research-teaching/special-collections-and-archives/exhibits/freedom-now/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">VCU Libraries Freedom Now Project</a> <br /><a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Massive_Resistance" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Massive Resistance</a>, <em>Encyclopedia Virginia <br /></em><a href="https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/hist_pubs/3/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Program of Action: The Rev. L. Francis Griffin and the Struggle for Racial Equality in Farmville, 1963</a>, VCU Libraries Scholars Compass.
Father Forgive them for they know not what they do / Educate Don't Segregate [1963 Farmville, Va. protests]
Protesters in front of Prince Edward County Courthouse, Main St., Farmville, Va., July 1963. <br /><br /><span>The Rev. Goodwin Douglas, pastor of Beulah AME, with "Father forgive them..." sign. <span>Fourth person in line behind the Rev. Douglas is Clara Gibson. Visible behind her is Sandra "Sandy" Stokes.</span></span>
<a href="https://digital.library.vcu.edu/islandora/object/vcu%3A4569" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Farmville 1963 Civil Rights Protests</a>, VCU Libraries Digital Collections
1963 July
Digital Collections, VCU Libraries
This item is in the public domain. Acknowledgement of the Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.
Learn more:<a href="https://www.library.vcu.edu/research-teaching/special-collections-and-archives/exhibits/freedom-now/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">VCU Libraries Freedom Now Project</a> <br /><a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Massive_Resistance" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Massive Resistance</a>, <em>Encyclopedia Virginia <br /></em><a href="https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/hist_pubs/3/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Program of Action: The Rev. L. Francis Griffin and the Struggle for Racial Equality in Farmville, 1963</a>, VCU Libraries Scholars Compass.
America is our JAIL as long as JIM CROW LIVES [1963 Farmville, Va. protests]
Protesters and shoppers outside Southside Sundry, Farmville, Va., July 1963.<br /><br /><span>The Rev. James "Jimmy" Franklin of Sharon Baptist Church in Cumberland carries "America is our Jail..." sign. Catherine Scott is at right.</span><br /><br />From VCU Libraries <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/freedom_now_project/12465520995/in/album-72157640935144155/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Freedom Now Project</a>
<a href="https://digital.library.vcu.edu/islandora/object/vcu%3A4510" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Farmville 1963 Civil Rights Protests</a>, VCU Libraries Digital Collections
1963 July 29
Digital Collections, VCU Libraries
<span>This item is in the public domain. Acknowledgement of the Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.</span>
Learn more:<a href="https://www.library.vcu.edu/research-teaching/special-collections-and-archives/exhibits/freedom-now/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">VCU Libraries Freedom Now Project</a> <br /><a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Massive_Resistance" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Massive Resistance</a>, <em>Encyclopedia Virginia <br /></em><a href="https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/hist_pubs/3/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Program of Action: The Rev. L. Francis Griffin and the Struggle for Racial Equality in Farmville, 1963</a>, VCU Libraries Scholars Compass.
The Closing of "Public Schools" in P. E. County has Disgrace the State of Virginia [1963 Farmville, Va. protests]
Students protest Prince Edward County public school closings, Main Street near courthouse, Farmville, Va., July 1963. <br /><br />Sandra "Sandy" Stokes in foreground. Second person in line is Everett Berryman, Jr. followed by Emerson Hunt.<br /><br />from <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/freedom_now_project/12465651004/in/album-72157640935144155/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">VCU Libraries Freedom Now Project</a>
<a href="https://digital.library.vcu.edu/islandora/object/vcu%3A4386" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Farmville 1963 Civil Rights Protests</a>,<span> VCU Libraries Digital Collections</span>
1963 July
Digital Collections, VCU Libraries
<span>This item is in the public domain. Acknowledgement of the Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.</span>
Learn more:<a href="https://www.library.vcu.edu/research-teaching/special-collections-and-archives/exhibits/freedom-now/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">VCU Libraries Freedom Now Project</a> <br /><a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Massive_Resistance" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Massive Resistance</a>, <em>Encyclopedia Virginia <br /></em><a href="https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/hist_pubs/3/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Program of Action: The Rev. L. Francis Griffin and the Struggle for Racial Equality in Farmville, 1963</a>, VCU Libraries Scholars Compass.
We Will Die For Our Civil Rights [1963 Farmville, Va. protests]
Protesters in front of J.J. Newberry, Main Street, Farmville, Va., July 1963. John Hicks carries sign in foreground; Isaac Dungee stands behind him.<br /><br />From VCU Libraries <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/freedom_now_project/12464882674/in/album-72157640935144155/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Freedom Now Project</a>
<a href="https://digital.library.vcu.edu/islandora/object/vcu%3A4293" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Farmville 1963 Civil Rights Protests</a>, VCU Libraries Digital Collections
1963 July
Digital Collections, VCU Libraries
<span><span>This item is in the public domain. Acknowledgement of the Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.</span></span>
Learn more:<a href="https://www.library.vcu.edu/research-teaching/special-collections-and-archives/exhibits/freedom-now/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">VCU Libraries Freedom Now Project</a> <br /><a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Massive_Resistance" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Massive Resistance</a>, <em>Encyclopedia Virginia <br /></em><a href="https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/hist_pubs/3/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Program of Action: The Rev. L. Francis Griffin and the Struggle for Racial Equality in Farmville, 1963</a>, VCU Libraries Scholars Compass.
Classroom Desegregation Will Never Work [broadside]
This broadside asserts “there is a basic, inherent mental difference between the races,” citing IQ tests and a booklet by Henry E. Garrett, <em>How Classroom Desegregation Will Work</em> (1966). <br /><br /><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Garrett_(psychologist)" target="_blank" title="biographical information on Wikipedia" rel="noreferrer noopener">Henry Garrett</a> was at the forefront of a resurgence of racial pseudoscience in the mid-twentieth century. He argued for segregation in <em>Davis v. County School Board</em> (one of the cases in Brown v. Board), compiled a pamphlet of his essays for the white supremacist <a href="http://www.citizenscouncils.com/" target="_blank" title="About Citizens' Council" rel="noreferrer noopener">Citizens’ Council</a>, and his views were used to forward the work of other eugenicists. <br /><br />Excerpts:<br /><br />That is why Classroom Desegregation will <em>never</em> work: There is a basic, inherent mental difference between the races. If you mix the classrooms and gear the standards to Negroes, you deny White children their optimum chance. If you gear the standards to White mentality, you develop frustrations on the part of Negroes, with subsequent antagonisms, drop-outs, and "delinquencies...."<br /><br />Race differences, as an issue, is the overriding problem of our time. These differences are something too few of us know about. Now is the time to learn, before it is too late. If you <em>know</em> what you are talking about, you can help defeat Black Power. Only the truth will keep us free.
unknown
<a href="http://librarycatalog.virginiahistory.org/final/Portal/Default.aspx?component=AAAAIY&record=c231aee4-2016-4cb4-94cf-363c83f66aff">General collection, Call Number LC214.2 .C614 196-?</a>, Library of the Virginia Museum of History and Culture, Virginia Historical Society
The Patrick Henry Press, Richmond, Virginia
1960s
Virginia Museum of History and Culture, Virginia Historical Society
<p>NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</p>
<p><br />The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. <br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/</a><br /><br />Acknowledgement of the Virginia Historical Society as a source is requested.</p>
Learn more: <br /><br />Door, Gregory Michael (2008). <em>Segregation’s Science: Eugenics and Society in Virginia <br /><br /></em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audrey_M._Shuey" target="_blank" title="biographical information on Audrey Shuey, student of Henry Garrett" rel="noreferrer noopener">Shuey, Audrey M</a>. (1966). <em><a href="https://archive.org/details/1966ShueyThetestingofnegrointelligencevol1/page/n1" target="_blank" title="The Testing of Negro Intelligence" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Testing of Negro Intelligence</a>, </em>second edition. <br /><br />Campbell, A. W. (2018). <a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/issues/discrimination/influence-controversy-races-mankind-brotherhood-man/" target="_blank" title="The Races of Mankind" rel="noreferrer noopener">Influence and Controversy. The Races of Mankind and The Brotherhood of Man</a>. Social Welfare History Project.
Anti-School Busing Protest, February 1972
Black and white photograph of a man and a woman in a car during an anti-busing motorcade to Washington, D.C. The car is driving past the U.S. Supreme Court building and has a poster taped to the driver's side door of the car. The poster is of "The Little Red School House" used as a logo by <a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=Save+Our+Neighborhood+Schools" target="_blank" title="SONS" rel="noreferrer noopener">Save Our Neighborhood Schools, Inc.</a> with the words, "Help / Save Freedom." The man leans his head out the window and smiles.<br /><br />On February 17, 1972, nearly 3,300 cars traveled in a motorcade from Richmond, Virginia to Washington, DC. Despite snow, the protesters made a symbolic journey to Capitol Hill to voice their opposition to Judge Robert Merihge's ruling (<em>Bradley v. School Board of City of Richmond, Virginia) </em>that public schools<span> in Richmond, Henrico County, and Chesterfield County must be consolidated. At that time, Richmond public schools were 70 percent black while those of the two counties were about 90 per cent white.<br /><br />Cars in the motorcade carried red and white signs reading “Help Save Freedom” and imprinted with a picture of a little red schoolhouse. <br /></span>
Richmond Newspapers, Inc.
P.74.11.18n, <a href="https://thevalentine.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Valentine</a>
1972 February 17
The Valentine
This Work has been digitized in a public-private partnership. As part of this partnership, the partners have agreed to limit commercial uses of this digital representation of the Work by third parties. You can, without permission, copy, modify, distribute, display, or perform the Item, for non-commercial uses. For any other permissible uses, please review the terms and conditions of the organization that has made the Item available. <br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-NC/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-NC/1.0/</a>
Learn more: <br /><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/1972/02/18/archives/3300-autos-driven-to-capital-in-protest-3300-cars-in-the-capital.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">3,300 Autos Driven To Capital in Protest</a>, <em>The New York Times</em>, February 18, 1972.<br /><br />Pratt, Robert A. <em><em>The Color of Their Skin: Education and Race in Richmond, Virginia, 1954-89. <br /><br /><a href="http://lawreview.richmond.edu/2017/09/28/the-conscience-of-virginia-judge-robert-r-merhige-jr-and-the-politics-of-school-desegregation/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Conscience of Virginia: Judge Robert R. Merhige, Jr., and the Politics of School Desegregation</a> <br /><br /></em></em><a href="https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/338/67/2182321/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Bradley v. School Board of City of Richmond, Virginia, 338 F. Supp. 67 (E.D. Va. 1972) </a> <br /><br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=busing" target="_blank" title="materials related to school busing" rel="noreferrer noopener">Busing</a>, Social Welfare History Image Portal
Anti-Busing Motorcade in Washington, D.C., February 1972
Black and white photograph of a Richmond-based anti-busing motorcade passing through Washington, D.C. on 2nd Street behind the U.S. Supreme Court building. A policeman walks beside two cars.<br /><br /><span>On February 17, 1972, nearly 3,300 cars traveled in a motorcade from Richmond, Virginia to Washington, DC. Despite snow, the protesters made a symbolic journey to Capitol Hill to voice their opposition to Judge Robert Merihge's ruling (</span><em>Bradley v. School Board of City of Richmond, Virginia) </em><span>that public schools</span><span> in Richmond, Henrico County, and Chesterfield County must be consolidated. At that time, Richmond public schools were 70 per cent black while those of the two counties were about 90 per cent white.<br /><br />Cars in the motorcade carried red and white signs reading “Help Save Freedom” and imprinted with a picture of a little red schoolhouse. </span>
Richmond Newspapers, Inc.
P.74.11.18m, <a href="https://thevalentine.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Valentine</a>
1972 February 17
The Valentine
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Learn more: <br /><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/1972/02/18/archives/3300-autos-driven-to-capital-in-protest-3300-cars-in-the-capital.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">3,300 Autos Driven To Capital in Protest</a><span>, </span><em>The New York Times</em><span>, February 18, 1972.<br /></span><br /><span>Pratt, Robert A. </span><em><em>The Color of Their Skin: Education and Race in Richmond, Virginia, 1954-89. <br /><br /><a href="http://lawreview.richmond.edu/2017/09/28/the-conscience-of-virginia-judge-robert-r-merhige-jr-and-the-politics-of-school-desegregation/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Conscience of Virginia: Judge Robert R. Merhige, Jr., and the Politics of School Desegregation</a> <br /></em></em><br /><a href="https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/338/67/2182321/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Bradley v. School Board of City of Richmond, Virginia, 338 F. Supp. 67 (E.D. Va. 1972) </a> <br /><br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=busing" target="_blank" title="materials related to school busing" rel="noreferrer noopener">Busing</a>, Social Welfare History Image Portal
Mobilizing for Busing Protest, Richmond, Va.
Black and white photograph of people preparing for an anti-busing demonstration. A woman stands holding an American flag, and a man standing with her wears a hand-lettered anti-busing sign, "Forced bussing & consolidation of schools will lead to either [arrow points to a Nazi swastika] or [arrow points to Communist red star and a hammer and sickle.]" <br /><br />Other people wearing anti-busing signs mill about in front of the Richmond Coliseum. One woman's sign reads, "I'm not fussing but I will not bus. No! Merhige No!"
Richmond Newspapers, Inc.
P.74.11.18o, <a href="https://thevalentine.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Valentine</a>
1972 February 10
The Valentine
This Work has been digitized in a public-private partnership. As part of this partnership, the partners have agreed to limit commercial uses of this digital representation of the Work by third parties. You can, without permission, copy, modify, distribute, display, or perform the Item, for non-commercial uses. For any other permissible uses, please review the terms and conditions of the organization that has made the Item available. <br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-NC/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-NC/1.0/</a>
Learn more: <br /><br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=busing" target="_blank" title="materials related to school busing" rel="noreferrer noopener">Busing</a>, Social Welfare History Image Portal<br /><br /><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/1972/02/18/archives/3300-autos-driven-to-capital-in-protest-3300-cars-in-the-capital.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">3,300 Autos Driven To Capital in Protest</a><span>, </span><em>The New York Times</em><span>, February 18, 1972.<br /></span><br /><span>Pratt, Robert A. </span><em><em>The Color of Their Skin: Education and Race in Richmond, Virginia, 1954-89. <br /><br /><a href="http://lawreview.richmond.edu/2017/09/28/the-conscience-of-virginia-judge-robert-r-merhige-jr-and-the-politics-of-school-desegregation/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Conscience of Virginia: Judge Robert R. Merhige, Jr., and the Politics of School Desegregation</a> <br /></em></em><br /><a href="https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/338/67/2182321/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Bradley v. School Board of City of Richmond, Virginia, 338 F. Supp. 67 (E.D. Va. 1972) </a>
Bond, Piedmont Sanatorium
Bond, issued in 1917 in return for a donationof $1.00 toward the construction of Piedmont Sanatorium. <br /><br />The Piedmont Sanatorium was established in Burkeville, Virginia, in June, 1918. At that time, tuberculosis was one of the leading causes of death for African Americans, but segregated health care in Virginia dictated that blacks could receive treatment in only two facilities—Central State Hospital (a mental health facility) and the state penitentiary. <br /><br />The <a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/negro_organization_society" target="_blank" title="Negro Organization Society" rel="noreferrer noopener">Negro Organization Society</a> initiated discussions with the State Board of Health, particularly Agnes D. Randolph, the Director of the Bureau of Tuberculosis Education. Randolph was instrumental in convincing the state government to establish a facility for African Americans. <br /><br />The Negro Organization Society continued to be heavily involved with the issue, from raising public awareness to donating funds to improve the facility. Piedmont Sanatorium had closed by 1965, when black patients began to be sent to Blue Ridge Sanatorium, near Charlottesville. <br /><br />Excerpt: <br />"This Bond is issued for the purpose of cooperation with the Negro Organization Society to erect and to equip one Building to be used for the patients and to include rooms for visiting Doctors who shall from time to time be invited for study to the Sanatorium. The purchaser hereby receives a share in the benefit and happiness to be derived."
Piedmont Sanatorium
<a href="http://librarycatalog.virginiahistory.org/final/Portal/Default.aspx?component=AAAAIY&record=029b3095-369e-4ce6-9e5c-7de76f69b6a1" target="_blank" title="Manuscripts, Mss4 P5957 a 1" rel="noreferrer noopener">Manuscripts, Call Number Mss4 P5957 a 1</a>, Library of the Virginia Museum of History & Culture, Virginia Historical Society
1917
Virginia Museum of History & Culture, Virginia Historical Society
NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES<br />The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. <br /><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/</a><br /><br />Acknowledgement of the Virginia Historical Society as a source is requested.
Learn more: <br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/exhibits/show/white-plague--tuberculosis/gallery" target="_blank" title="The White Plague: Tuberculosis" rel="noreferrer noopener">The White Plague: Tuberculosis</a>, Discovery Set, Social Welfare History Image Portal<br /><a href="https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/issues/poverty/tuberculosis/" target="_blank" title="Tuberculosis" rel="noreferrer noopener">Tuberculosis</a>, Social Welfare History Project<br /><a href="https://images.socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/items/browse?tags=tuberculosis" target="_blank" title="Materials related to Tuberculosis" rel="noreferrer noopener">Tuberculosis</a>, Social Welfare History Image Portal <br /><a href="http://exhibits.hsl.virginia.edu/alav/virginia/" target="_blank" title="Tuberculosis Sanatoriums in Virginia" rel="noreferrer noopener">Tuberculosis Sanatoriums in Virginia: Catawba, Piedmont, and Blue Ridge</a>, Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, University of Virginia <br />France J. J. (1920). <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2622470/pdf/jnma00821-0024.pdf" target="_blank" title="PDF of this article" rel="noreferrer noopener">A Post-Graduate Course in Tuberculosis at the Piedmont Sanatorium, Burkeville, Va.</a> Journal of the National Medical Association, 12(2), 16–21. (link to PDF) <br /><a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015067921224&view=2up&seq=348&size=125" target="_blank" title="Clean-Up Week informational publication" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Rules of Good Health and Directions for Spring Cleaning.</a> Prepared and Issued at the Request of the Negro Organization Society of Virginia (1917 April 5). Virginia Public Health Bulletin, <em>IX</em>(2) Extra.