Influenza virus vaccines for Richmond region
After the influenza virus was finally identified in 1933, researchers immediately started to develop a vaccine. The first flu vaccine was approved for U.S. military use in 1945 and for civilian use in 1946. Unfortunately, the flu has several types, and many types come in multiple strains—each of which has to be included in a vaccine to provide protection. Each year, scientists make their best prediction as to which flu variants will circulate that year and prepare a vaccine that treats a combination of the most likely strains. Sometimes the match is a good one, but sometimes unexpected strains mean the vaccine is less effective. Immunity also wears off and different strains emerge—which is why it’s important to get a flu shot every year.
V.85.37.2477, Richmond Times-Dispatch Collection, The Valentine
This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
Public service comic published as a part of the National Social Welfare Assembly Comics Project. The Comics Project lasted from August 1949 - July 1967 and produced over 200 pages promoting citizenship and social values. Publisher's Note: "Published as a public service in cooperation with The National Social Welfare Assembly, coordinating organization for national health, welfare and recreation agencies of the U.S." A father talks to his son Jerry about his failure to do a good job cleaning up the garage. Jerry says, "Aw, Dad, What's the difference? It's not very important." His father replies, "Hmm...With that kind of attitude, you'll get into sloppy work havits. If everyone felt that way about his job, what do you think would happen?" The father goes on to give examples of people we count on to do their jobs: a plumber, switchboard operator, garage mechanic, and finally "a man who works on a space capsule." Jerry concludes, "I get it Dad...Every job, whether it's big or small, is important enough to do right!"
Blackhawk No. 184, May 1963, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
Learn more: National Social Welfare Assembly Comics Project, Social Welfare History Project National Social Welfare Assembly, Social Welfare History Project Comics on a Mission: Educational and Public Service Comics, Social Welfare History Image Portal
"Natural Beauty -- Everybody's Fight" illustrates quotations and paraphrases from President Lyndon B. Johnson's "Remarks to the Delegates to the White House Conference on Natural Beauty," given on May 25, 1965. Public service comic published as a part of the National Social Welfare Assembly Comics Project. The Comics Project lasted from August 1949 - July 1967 and produced over 200 pages promoting citizenship and social values. Publisher's Note: "Published as a public service in cooperation with The National Social Welfare Assembly, coordinating organization for national health, welfare and recreation agencies of the U.S." Text excerpt: "President Johnson says: 'At first there seemed to be no end to the wonder of the land, and then the country grew. There came ignorance, greed and ruthless exploitation. Today, natural beauty has new enemies, and we need new weapons to fight these enemies.'" "All of us can help clean up open spaces, protect parks from damage, teach friends not to littler, respect the plants and animals that live on Earth with us."
Blackhawk, No. 222, July 1966, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
Learn more: National Social Welfare Assembly Comics Project, Social Welfare History Project National Social Welfare Assembly, Social Welfare History Project Beauty for America; proceedings of the White House Conference on Natural Beauty, Internet Archive Comics on a Mission: Educational and Public Service Comics, Social Welfare History Image Portal
Prescription for whiskey to be taken in milk 3 times daily. Filled at Purcell & Littlejohn pharmacy, Leesburg, Va. During Prohibition, the U.S. Treasury Department issued forms that authorized physicians to write prescriptions for medicinal alcohol.
Carl F. Emswiller, Jr. papers (2011.02.02), Special Collections and Archives, Health Sciences Library, VCU Libraries
Special Collections and Archives, Tompkins-McCaw Library for the Health Sciences, VCU Libraries
The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/
During Prohibition, Your Doctor Could Write You a Prescription for Booze, Smithsonian.com Medicinal Alcohol, Ohio State University Discovery Set: Temperance and Prohibition, Social Welfare History Image Portal Temperance Movement, Social Welfare History Project
Public service comic published as a part of the National Social Welfare Assembly Comics Project. The Comics Project lasted from August 1949 - July 1967 and produced over 200 pages promoting citizenship and social values. Publisher's Note: "Published as a public service in cooperation with The National Social Welfare Assembly, coordinating organization for national health, welfare and recreation agencies of the U.S." Text: "Peace on Earth. The alphabet and the language may be different, but the same sentiment dwells in the hearts and minds of men all over the world." Published in February of 1967, this issue featured Sgt. Rock fighting “the toughest battle of his life.” In real life, public opposition to the war in Vietnam was growing in 1967. Groups like “Another Mother for Peace” wrote Congress, Martin Luther King, Jr. gave a controversial speech against the war, and the National Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam organized a march on the Pentagon where over 600 people were arrested for civil disobedience.
Our Army at War: no.176 FEB 1967 James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
No Forced Labor Camps for American Youth! [American Student Union pamphlet]
Pamphlet published by the American Student Union, a national left-wing organization of college students active in the 1930s. The group consisted of both communists and socialists, who argued over the group's stance on pacificism in the face of Hitler's rise to power and events in Europe. The pamphlet advocates for the American Youth Act, a youth assistance bill proposed by the American Youth Congress as an alternative to the National Youth Administration. The AYA was never able to get out of committee on Capitol Hill, however, as it was too costly. "Foreward: This little pamphlet is published by the American Student Union as a warning to undergraduates to act quickly in defense of democratic education and peace, lest the enemies of our liberties succeed in their plan to regiment youth and precipitate us again into foreign war. The facts it reveals are but a partial presentation, due to space limitations, of available information on the subject. The questions it asks are vital to the welfare of every student. The campaign it proposes to launch deserves the support of every American student."
M 391, Box 6, Encampment for Citizenship Collection, 1939 - 2009, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/
Learn more: Work Camp for Democracy, Social Welfare History Image Portal Encampment for Citizenship. Education for Democratic Living, VCU Libraries Gallery American Youth Congress, Social Welfare History Project
The First Work Camp for Democracy [trifold brochure]
Trifold brochure advertising the Work Camp for Democracy, August 7 to September 4, 1939, West Park, New York. The Executive Committee was chaired by Algernon D. Black who, with Alice K. Politzer, would found the Encampment for Citizenship in 1946. Sponsors included Paul Kellogg, Max Otto, V.T. Thayer, Agnes Reynolds, and Walter F. White. Excerpt: "The Work Camp for Democracy is to be an experiment in democracy as a way of life suited to meet the challenge of our time. It will afford sixty young people, Americans and refugees, of various religious, racial and economic backgrounds the opportunity to study, work and play together to broaden their understanding of democracy."
Suggestions for Visitors to County Poorhouses and to Other Public Charitable Institutions
Cover title: Suggestions for Institution Visitors. A small volume that offers guidelines or suggestions for those undertake the investigaton of county poorhouses, public hospitals, asylums for the insane, children's homes, and industrial schools (homes for wayward girls and boys). A chapter titled "Homely Hints" supplies remedies for typical institutional problems such as bedbugs, roaches, vermin, ringworm, scabes, and sore eyes. The final chapter addresses the need for standards by which such institutions may be evaluated. Throughout, Lathrop encourages the visitor/inspector to keep an open mind while being friendly, knowledgeable, confident and persistent. This advice was very much in keeping with Lathrop's own methods. Excerpts: p. 6 "If you meet superintendents in a candid and friendly spirit, they will probably meet you in the same spirit. They usually want to do their duty and they doubtless have many difficulties you do not see. Like the rest of the world, they will probably welcome the visits of intelligent, good-natured, reasonable persons who want to know them and who through various avenues of influence may be able to help them. Try to understand, then, first of all, the official point of view and the official difficulties. A critical, suspicious bearing will defeat your purpose to learn the facts." p. 7-8 "In many counties the superintendency of the county poorhouse and farm is let annually to the lowest cash bidder. In some counties the care of the poor is contracted for at a set price per head--the contract going to the lowest bidder....It is not Utopian to look forward to a period when the superintendent of such an institution shall be specially trained for such work, appointed on his merits and kept as long as he is a good officer." p.31 "There is a growing feeling that the State should recognize its own profound responsibility toward every child who, because of defect, or neglect, or poverty, or delinquency, cannot be protected and reared by its natural guardians. Any institution for children which is supported by public funds in whole or in part, or which solicits funds from the public, should welcome intelligent scrutiny." p.37-38 "It may be noted that corporal punishment is the one form of discipline which every inmate has probably known before entering the institution, and that it has, prima facie, failed of a satisfactory result." p. 44 "And, finally, may we offer this legend: To be good-tempered, to be just, to be patient, to be persistent, to be courageous and, again, to be good-tempered."
James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
Public Charities Committee of the Illinois Federation of Women's Clubs
Learn more: Julia Clifford Lathrop, Social Welfare History Project Hull House, Social Welfare History Project Children's Bureau, Social Welfare History Project Sheppard-Towner Maternity and Infancy Act of 1921, Social Welfare History Image Portal
The Rockwell Report, May 1965 [American Nazi Party]
Official monthly publication of the American Nazi Party, an organization founded by George Lincoln Rockwell in March 1959. Cover title for this issue, "The Real Story: Left vs. Right." Slogan on cover: "White People! Unite & Fight!" Article by George Lincoln Rockwell entitled, "Our 'Fascist' Founding Fathers" argues that the American Nazi Party represents a GOLDEN MEAN between the Tyranny of Total Order on the Right and the Anarchy of Total Freedom on the Left. Rockwell rails against "Rabbit" Welch (Robert W. Welch, Jr.), the founder of the John Birch Society. (Welch promoted conspiracy theories, including the notion that President Dwight D. Eisenhower was secretly a Communist.) Rockwell is incensed that Welch has equated Communism and Nazism. p.7 "If the Founding Fathers were to come to life today, they would NOT BE BIRCHERS....had the Founding Fathers lived today, they would have been 'NAZIS', as the Jews call anyone who sticks up for the White Christain eople and Constitutional Government."
M 342, Box 24, Edward H. Peeples, Jr. Papers, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library
Learn more: George Lincoln Rockwell, Social Welfare History Image Portal Miller, M.E. (2017). The shadow of an assassinated American Nazi commander hangs over Charlottesville. The Washington Post (August 21, 2017). Backlash to Reform: Hatred and Extremism, Social Welfare History Image Portal
"The Communist Black Revolution Can and Will Be Smashed in Virginia!" [George Lincoln Rockwell campaign flyer]
Multi-page flyer outlining the reasons why white Democrats and Republicans of the Commonwealth of Virginia should unite and vote for White Constitutional Candidate, George Lincoln Rockwell. Rockwell, the founder and head of the American Nazi Party, was well known for his white supremacist views and his knack for political theater. Rockwell argued that blacks would vote as a block, and that whites should do the same. In 1965, Mills E. Godwin, Jr. won the governorship with 296,526 of the 562,789 votes cast. Rockwell received 5,730 votes, coming in fourth behind Godwin, A. Linwood Holton, Jr. and William J. Story Jr. p. 3 "American liberty ORIGINATED in Virginia. We believe it will be SAVED in this state. We believe Virginia will be the first state in which Whites will have the intelligence and grit to ake a stand as WHITE MEN, instead of 'Democrats', 'Republicans', Catholics, Prtestants, rich men, poor men, labor, or anything else except WHITE MEN! When black men are voting by race and destroying the liberty and traditions of White Men, it is not 'hate' or 'bigotry' to urge White Men to vote by race in self defense.... White Christian Americans came to the American wilderness and turned it into a garden of civilization. Whtie, Christian Americans fought for, founded and built Virginia with their blood, sweat and tears. Although the White Man brought the black man here as a slave, he gave that black man infinitely more than he took from him in the way of labor. He gave him a religion, he gave him a higher standard of living than that of the black man's cannibal relatives in Africa and he gave him a paternal care and love unknown in the black man's Africa, where the blacks sold their sons and daughters insto slavery and ate their brothers." p.4 "For years, many of us were puzzled by his 'Nazism' approach. Then we learned that he started out as a 'conservative' with Joe McCarthy, but got disgusted with the way Conservatives and White Men were completely blacked out of the press, TV, etc. or smeared and blasted as 'bigots' and fascists'. Rockwell decided that he had to find some way of smashing his way into a hostile press so that he could at least REACH the people, and he knew he would be smeared as a 'Nazi' for standing up as a White Man. He concluded that the way to get the publicity we needed and knock the enemy's weapon of smear from his hand at the same time was to CALL himself a 'Nazi' and throw the smear right back in the faces of the liberal race-mixers. And it worked! Rockwell has made his name and his all-out opposition to communism and race-mixing known all over the world!" p.6 "'WELFARE' REFORM We believe society has no duty to support those who refuse to work, when able, nor to support the hordes of parasites who abuse welfare generosity. Therefore we advocate a strong law cutting off all welfare to those who refuse appropriate paying employment, and the sterilization of all women who have had two illegitimate children, as a pre-condition to their receiving futher welfare payments." p.7 "ANTI-COMMUNIST COMMISSION We believe that Communism is not just an idea but that it is a criminal conspiracy, and that it is impossible for the average citizen to keep up with with [sic] the brilliant disguises and tricks of the communist criminals. The records prove that hundreds of communists have fooled their friends and even their families for years. Only professional investigators are capable of discovering and exposing these termites in our midst. Therefore, it is the determination of the White, Constitutional Party of Virginia to use every facility of the State Government, if elected, to ferret out communists and the army of their sympathizers and fellow conspirators, and, in so far as possible, prosecute them as criminals. Those who cannot be convicted, will be exposed thoroughly by every means at the disposal of the State."
M 342, Box 13, Edward H. Peeples, Jr. Papers, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library
Educational comic book published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, Public Information Department.
The organization that has made the Item available reasonably believes that the Item is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/
Learn more: Comics on a Mission: Educational and Public Service Comics, Social Welfare History Image Portal
Educational comic book in the form of a dialogue between a successful black man in a suit who is taking a vacation with his wife in their convertable. He encourages young men of color hanging around a diner to get free job training and advice so as to increase their economic power. The story suggests that prejudice is not as strong a motivation as the desire to make money. p. 6 "I can't speak English good!" "No sweat--a man with a skill doesn't need to be a great talker....You'll get along fine!" "What about prejudice man? You know what I mean, suppose you're black!" "The Man needs help! You'd be surprised how UNprejudiced he gets when YOU got something his business needs." "GREEN is a powerful color, too Baby!!"
How Stalin Hopes We Will Destroy America
Giveaway comic book about the dangers of inflation. Text argues that Communists want America to spend itself into destruction by printing more money. Advocates for the U.S. Government to operate on a "pay-as-you-go" basis. Encourages citizens to write their congressmen to tell them to cut unnecessary expenses. From p. 16 (back cover) After her husband writes a letter to their congressman, a wife says, "I'm a voter, too! I can write our congressman, too, can't I?" Her father-in-law replies, "Of course, every citizen can...and should! The way to prevent higher prices and keep our money strong -- is to cut unneccsary government expenses -- and 'pay as we go'!" Husband: "Together we can lick inflation -- and Communism!" Wife: "It's important to me...and to you!" Father-in-law: "And it's up to all of us."
Martin Luther King and the Montgomery Story
Educational comic book published by the Fellowship of Reconciliation following the success of the Montgomery Bus Boycott. The comic book advocates for the principles of nonviolence and teaches methods of nonviolent resistance. It was produced by the studio of artist Al Capp, who admired Dr. King. Civil rights activist and congressman John Lewis read and was inspired by this work as a teenager.
Resnick, Benton and Hassler, Alfred (writers) Barry, Sy (artist)
Learn more: Aydin, A. (2013). Cover Story: The comic book that changed the world. Martin Luther King and the Montgomery Story's vital role in the Civil Rights Movement. Creative Loafing. Bello, G. (2012, July 19). A Comic Book for Social Justice: John Lewis. Publishers Weekly Fellowship of Reconciliation (FOR-USA). Martin Luther King and The Montgomery Story Curriculum and Study Guide Mammy Yokum and the Great Dogpatch Mystery, Social Welfare History Image Portal. Comics on a Mission: Educational and Public Service Comics, Social Welfare History Image Portal
Mammy Yokum and the Great Dogpatch Mystery
This comic book reprints a fable about prejudice and racial harmony by Al Capp. The story first appeared in Capp's L'il Abner comic strip. The comic book, printed and distributed by the Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith, tells a fable about prejudice and racial harmony. When a family with square eyes moves into Dogpatch, the round-eyed residents form a mob to drive the newcomers away. When one of the square-eyed children is hurt, Mammy Yokum discovers that what she has in common with the new folks is more important than their differences. She stops the mob and helps her neighbors get to know the new family. Mammy Yokum declares, "We is all square shooters, so we gotta give them folks wif th' square eyes a square deal!! Th' l'il diff'runces between folks shouldn't hide th' big things thass th' same 'bout all of us!!" The foreward to this publication was written by Henry Edward Schultz, National Chairman, Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith. The postscript was written by American author, Herman Wouk.
Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith Collection, Beth Ahabah Museum and Archives
As soon as I find a Woman Suffragist, Who is not afraid of Mice... [anti-suffrage postcard]
Anti-suffrage postcard. The front has gold lettering, with a different color for each capital letter, green, purple, red, blue, orange. Silhouettes of three mice appear at the top of the card. Text: "As soon as I find a / Woman / Suffragist, / Who is not afraid / of Mice / I'll join the / procession / and cry ---- / 'Votes for / Women'!"
I.V. 76.195.14, The Valentine
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Learn more: Anti-suffrage, Social Welfare History Image Portal Women's Suffrage: The Movement, Social Welfare History Project
Ku Klux Klan Rally, Henrico County, Virginia
Black and white photograph showing a Ku Klux Klan rally held near Darbytown Road in eastern Henrico County, Va. The rally, sponsored by the United Klans of America - Realm of Virginia, was held on July 4, 1967. The photograph shows a line of white robed figures walking out of the woods and processing towards the rally. Possibly a police surveillance photograph.
V.2017.83.159, The Valentine
Learn more: Ku Klux Klan in Virginia, Encyclopedia Virginia Mapping the Second Ku Klux Klan, 1915-1940, VCU Libraries The Ku Klux Klan and Christian Churches, Union Presbyterian Seminary Library Backlash to Reform: Hatred and Extremism, Social Welfare History Image Portal
Ku Klux Klan Parade, Richmond, Va., 1967
Black and white photograph showing a man wearing a military-style Ku Klux Klan outfit with Klan symbol on sleeve. The man was participating in a parade on Broad Street in Richmond, Va., in support of the Klan and possibly to drum up attendance at an upcoming rally to be held by the United Klans of america in eastern Henrico County, Va. This may be a police surveillance photograph.
V.2017.83.164, The Valentine
Invisible Empire, Knights of the Ku Klux Klan [calling card]
Calling card of the Ku Klux Klan. Text reads, "Invisible Empire / Knights of the Ku Klux Klan / YOU HAVE BEEN PATRONIZED BY THE KKK / For Free Information Write / P. O. Box 700 Shelton, CT 06484" Also printed on the card is a black and white cross within a red circle. The cross has a red drop-like shape at its center. This is a symbol that originated with the "Second Ku Klux Klan" of the early 1900s. The cross-like shape is formed by four letter "K" images arranged in a square facing outwards. In the center is a yin-yang symbol. Eventually, the four letters were re-oriented to a more vertical position, causing the symbol to look like a cross instead. At the same time, the white part of the yin-yang symbol disappeared, leaving only the colored part, which resembled a drop of blood. Today, this symbol is known as the MIOAK (an acronym for "Mystic Insignia of a Klansman") or, more commonly, the Blood Drop Cross (See ADL, Hate Symbols Database). Verso of this card has information about the mission of the Ku Klux Klan.
I.V.90.220.02, The Valentine
Anti-School Busing Protest, February 1972
Black and white photograph of a man and a woman in a car during an anti-busing motorcade to Washington, D.C. The car is driving past the U.S. Supreme Court building and has a poster taped to the driver's side door of the car. The poster is of "The Little Red School House" used as a logo by Save Our Neighborhood Schools, Inc. with the words, "Help / Save Freedom." The man leans his head out the window and smiles. On February 17, 1972, nearly 3,300 cars traveled in a motorcade from Richmond, Virginia to Washington, DC. Despite snow, the protesters made a symbolic journey to Capitol Hill to voice their opposition to Judge Robert Merihge's ruling (Bradley v. School Board of City of Richmond, Virginia) that public schools in Richmond, Henrico County, and Chesterfield County must be consolidated. At that time, Richmond public schools were 70 percent black while those of the two counties were about 90 per cent white. Cars in the motorcade carried red and white signs reading “Help Save Freedom” and imprinted with a picture of a little red schoolhouse.
P.74.11.18n, The Valentine
Learn more: 3,300 Autos Driven To Capital in Protest, The New York Times, February 18, 1972. Pratt, Robert A. The Color of Their Skin: Education and Race in Richmond, Virginia, 1954-89. The Conscience of Virginia: Judge Robert R. Merhige, Jr., and the Politics of School Desegregation Bradley v. School Board of City of Richmond, Virginia, 338 F. Supp. 67 (E.D. Va. 1972) Busing, Social Welfare History Image Portal
The Defenders News and Views [Newsletter]
Publication of The Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties, a grassroots political organization dedicated to preserving strict racial segregation in Virginia's public schools. The group was established in Petersburg in October 1954 following the Supreme Court decision Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas. Chapters of the group opened across the Commonwealth of Virginia. This newsletter is a folded sheet, two pages printed on both sides. The text header on the front page says, "The Defenders News and Views/Published by Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties/405-A East Franklin Street." This document reports on the annual meeting of the Defenders that was held on November 4, 1959 in Richmond, Va. During this meeting a panel of representatives from private schools (identified as "those schools which have been established for parents who do not want their children to attend the integrated public schools") spoke. Members of the panel: J. Barrye Wall, Prince Edward County Jack Crouse, Warren County Frank R. Ford, Norfolk H. P. Paden, Arlington Barry Marshall, Charlottesville Excerpt: "White citizens of Prince Edward County offered to assist the Negroes to set up schools for their children, through use of the scholarship grants and surplus property laws....Mr. Wall emphasized the fact that the NAACP is interested only in integration - not education. Their program is to integrate the schools first, then churches, hotels and every phase of society. Education in Virginia today, he stated, is controlled by the NAACP, and complete integration by 1963 is the goal."
Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties
V.2011.02.01., The Valentine
Learn more: The Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties, Encyclopedia Virginia Freedom Now Project, VCU Libraries Massive Resistance, Encyclopedia Virginia In Defense of Prince Edward County of Virginia. Speech of Hon. Harry Flood Byrd of Virginia in the Senate of the United States, Wednesday, May 17, 1961, Social Welfare History Image Portal
Anti-Busing Motorcade in Washington, D.C., February 1972
Black and white photograph of a Richmond-based anti-busing motorcade passing through Washington, D.C. on 2nd Street behind the U.S. Supreme Court building. A policeman walks beside two cars. On February 17, 1972, nearly 3,300 cars traveled in a motorcade from Richmond, Virginia to Washington, DC. Despite snow, the protesters made a symbolic journey to Capitol Hill to voice their opposition to Judge Robert Merihge's ruling (Bradley v. School Board of City of Richmond, Virginia) that public schools in Richmond, Henrico County, and Chesterfield County must be consolidated. At that time, Richmond public schools were 70 per cent black while those of the two counties were about 90 per cent white. Cars in the motorcade carried red and white signs reading “Help Save Freedom” and imprinted with a picture of a little red schoolhouse.
P.74.11.18m, The Valentine
Mobilizing for Busing Protest, Richmond, Va.
Black and white photograph of people preparing for an anti-busing demonstration. A woman stands holding an American flag, and a man standing with her wears a hand-lettered anti-busing sign, "Forced bussing & consolidation of schools will lead to either [arrow points to a Nazi swastika] or [arrow points to Communist red star and a hammer and sickle.]" Other people wearing anti-busing signs mill about in front of the Richmond Coliseum. One woman's sign reads, "I'm not fussing but I will not bus. No! Merhige No!"
P.74.11.18o, The Valentine
Learn more: Busing, Social Welfare History Image Portal 3,300 Autos Driven To Capital in Protest, The New York Times, February 18, 1972. Pratt, Robert A. The Color of Their Skin: Education and Race in Richmond, Virginia, 1954-89. The Conscience of Virginia: Judge Robert R. Merhige, Jr., and the Politics of School Desegregation Bradley v. School Board of City of Richmond, Virginia, 338 F. Supp. 67 (E.D. Va. 1972)
The Woman's Suffrage [anti-suffrage postcard]
Drawing of an angry man wearing patched and ripped clothing. His suspenders and collar are unfastened, and he looks over his shoulder to examine a tear in his sleeve. The caption reads, "This is how it will be when the Woman's Suffrage get in power."
V.76.195.13, The Valentine
Students sing outside Beulah AME Church Parsonage, Farmville, Va., August 1963
Students sing outside Beulah AME Church Parsonage, Farmville, Va., August 1963, in protest of the closing of Prince Edward County Schools. Woman singing at left is Ernestine Land. Tony Reid stands at right.
Farmville 1963 Civil Rights Protests, VCU Libraries Digital Collections
Digital Collections, VCU Libraries
This item is in the public domain. Acknowledgement of the Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.
Learn more: VCU Libraries Freedom Now Project Massive Resistance, Encyclopedia Virginia Program of Action: The Rev. L. Francis Griffin and the Struggle for Racial Equality in Farmville, 1963, VCU Libraries Scholars Compass.