Linked Together By the Law [suffrage postcard by May Wilson Preston]
description: Oversized postcard illustrated by May Wilson Preston, 1911 (signed). Image Description: Editorial cartoon captioned, "LINKED TOGETHER BY THE LAW" shows a convict, a woman, a child, and an intellectually disabled man standing in a row, shackled together. The balls at the end of the chains that bind them read "The Law." On the card's reverse: "In Virginia all citizens are allowed to vote except criminals, idiots, insane people, and women and children."
source: M 9 Box 55 Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
date: after 1911
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: This item is in the public domain. Acknowledgement of the Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.
relation: Learn more: Suffrage, Social Welfare History Image Portal Learn more: Wielding the Pen: Editorial Cartooning for Social Reform, Social Welfare History Image Portal Suffrage, Social Welfare History Image Portal Women cartoonists, Social Welfare History Image Portal Suffrage in the South: The Poll Tax, Social Welfare History Project Suffrage in the South Part II: The One Party System, Social Welfare History Project

Liquor Versus Suffrage [handbill]
description: Brief article from The Woman's Journal republished as a single page leaflet by the Massachusetts Woman's Suffrage Association and The Woman's Journal. The article presents evidence of an anti-suffrage campaign by liquor dealers who fear that woman suffrage will bring about prohibition.
source: M 9 Box 49, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
publisher: Massachusetts Woman's Suffrage Association and The Woman's Journal
date: 1913 May
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: This item is in the public domain. Acknowledgement of the Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.
relation: Learn more: Women's Suffrage: The Movement, Social Welfare History Project

Literacy and the Right to Vote. CLSA Reports: Information Bulletin, No. 2, May 15, 1962.
description: This information bulletin is a publication of the Commission on Law and Social Action of the American Jewish Congress. The four-page document, written by CLSA director Leo Pfeffer, discusses the topic of literacy tests and voter registration, particularly as a tool of discrimination against Black and immigrant voting. Pfeffer also considers literacy in languages other than English. This American Jewish Congress bulletin is from the National Conference of Christians and Jews, Religious Freedom and Public Affairs Project and is part of a resource files on discrimination in voting. It discusses the use of literacy tests as a means to prevent voting. Excerpts: p.1 Today, however there is no widespread demand that literacy tests for voters be completely abolished. What is in issue is the use of such tests to discriminate against members of minority ethnic groups. The major victims in the South are the Negroes and in New York Puerto Ricans who are literate only in Spanish and Jews literate only in Yiddish. It is no accident that literacy tests should be so popular in the South. Their origin is to be found in the search by the Southern states to find ways to defeat the objective of the 15th Amendment which sought to secure the Negro's right to vote. Among other (e.g., poll tax, white promaries, etc.) the literacy test was hit upon as such a device. While this did effectively bar the polls to many Negroes, it had the disadvantage from the Southerner's viewpoint of also disenfranchising many whites who likewise were illiterate. To get around this, the "grandfather clause" was invented. This was a provision in the statute which exempted from the requirement of literacy anyone who was a descendant of a person who voted before 1866, in effect meaning any white person. p.2 Typical of the administration of literacy tests in the South is the explanation given by a Louisiana registrar to an investigator of the Civil Right Commission for her practice of asking for constitutional int…
creator: Commission on Law and Social Action of the American Jewish Congress
source: National Conference of Christians and Jews records (SW0092). <a href="https://umedia.lib.umn.edu/item/p16022coll453:11061/p16022coll453:11057?child_index=19&query=&sidebar_page=7" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://umedia.lib.umn.edu/item/p16022coll453:11061?q%3D%2522Voting%2Brights%2522&source=gmail&ust=1596631787427000&usg=AFQjCNE-srMJQt7FYy6BeuKGvSaecsHldQ" rel="noopener" title="University of Minnesota Libraries UMedia digital collections">Special Projects. Religious Freedom and Public Affairs Project. Discrimination in Voting. (Box 18, Folder 19) Social Welfare History Archives, University of Minnesota Libraries
date: 1962 May 15
contributor: Social Welfare History Archives, University of Minnesota Libraries
rights: NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/

Little Wanderers’ Advocate.
description: The first 16 pages of this item describe the origin, mission statement, constitution, and founding board members of the Union Mission and Home for Little Wanderers. Union Mission & Home for Little Wanderers formed by ten Boston businessmen to care for children orphaned by the Civil War. They were inspired by the Howard Mission of New York. The Little Wanderers' Advocate Excerpts: p.3 "One Word to the Widowed Mother. Do not send your child to the poor-house. We will take and provide a good home for it. You may know where it is placed and be at liberty to write to it or visit it at proper times. We shall deal with your child as if it were our own." p.5 "What we Propose to Do. Take every child of sorrow, of every age, and feed, clothe, instruct, and thus prepare them for homes, where they shall enjoy all the influences of good society, and thus grow up to become useful men and women. In almost every instance we can place a boy into a home where they have no boy, and a girl where they have no girl. Can we do this? For several years past we have been taking children to homes. We have committees over the West, and in the New England and other States, and receive applications for more children than we can possibly furnish. Conditions: We bind no child to any person; there is no slavery in the matter, all is voluntary between the child and the one who takes it, we reserving the right to remove any child who is not properly treated." p.7 "Soldiers' Children The children of those noble men who have fallen during this unholy rebellion, shall be the objects of peculiar care. They shall be doubly welcome. We owe them a debt that the kindest treatment can never pay. They are not in the strict sense of the word objects of charity, but they have claims upon the public that demand our noblest response. Come to the Union Mission and Home for the Little Wanderers, and what we can do to place you in situations where all that society, friendship and love can do for you will be done. And…
creator: Union Mission and Home for Little Wanderers
source: Simmons University Archives Charities Collection (gift of Donald Moreland)
date: c.1865-1866
contributor: Simmons University Library
rights: NO COPYRIGHT - NON-COMMERCIAL USE ONLY This Work has been digitized in a public-private partnership. As part of this partnership, the partners have agreed to limit commercial uses of this digital representation of the Work by third parties. You can, without permission, copy, modify, distribute, display, or perform the Item, for non-commercial uses. For any other permissible uses, please review the terms and conditions of the organization that has made the Item available. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-NC/1.0/
relation: Learn more: History of Service [PDF], Home for Little Wanderers, Boston, Ma. War Orphans. History Engine. Orphan Trains, Social Welfare History Project

Lorena Weeks with typewriter
description: Lorena Weeks had worked as a Southern Bell telephone operator for many years when she was denied a higher paying position as a company switchman on the basis that the job was only open to men, citing a Georgia state rule that women employees could not be made to lift anything heavier than thirty pounds. She filed a legal appeal but lost in district court. Weeks then began writing all reports by hand, refusing to carry her thirty-four-pound typewriter to her desk in protest, which resulted in her suspension. Weeks brought her case to the National Organization for Women (NOW), through which attorney Sylvia Roberts was assigned to represent her before the Fifth Circuit. Roberts won the case on appeal in 1969, arguing the idea that no woman could lift thirty pounds was absurd, given that many women routinely carry children weighing thirty pounds or more. Weeks v. Southern Bell marked an important early legal victory in the fight against gender-based workplace discrimination.
source: Collection NA-282, Box 10, Folder 19 of 24. Sylvia Roberts papers. Newcomb Archives, Newcomb College Institute, Tulane University.
date: ca. 1963-1968
contributor: Tulane University
rights: This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/

Louisiana Lesbian and Gay Political Action Caucus (LAGPAC) Voter Registration Poster
description: Poster published by the Louisiana Lesbian and Gay Political Action Caucus (LAGPAC) announcing extended voter registration hours. The Louisiana Lesbian and Gay Political Action Caucus (LAGPAC) was created on August 8th, 1980, by a group of activists committed to attaining legal and social equality for Louisiana’s gender and sexual minorities. Based in Alexandria, LAGPAC was a political organization that investigated the beliefs and stances of candidates running for public office and, through mailing lists, editorials (The Voter’s Guide and The Lagniappe), and phone banking, galvanized its members to vote for candidates that were supportive of the LGBTQIA community. Meanwhile, it aimed to sway the larger Louisiana population to support equality for the state’s gender and sexual minorities. At its peak, LAGPAC also had chapters in Baton Rouge, New Orleans, and Acadiana, and made a significant impact on numerous elections. LAGPAC ceased operations in 2002, but Equality Louisiana is considered a successor of the organization. Poster text: "The Only Safe Closet is the Voting Booth!" "Bring something with your signature, i.e., Driver's License, cancelled Check, etc."
source: Manuscripts Collection #1099, Oversized folder 1, Stewart Butler papers, Louisiana Research Collection, Howard-Tilton Memorial Library, Tulane University
contributor: Tulane University
rights: This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
relation: Learn more: Stewart Butler, Longtime LGBT Leader and Rights Advocate, to Receive Award from ACLU of Louisiana (2013), ACLU.org

Madam, Who Keeps Your House? [suffrage handbill]
description: Illustrated NWSA handbill urging women to become involved in politics. "Madam, if you want your house well kept, you MUST meddle with politics, because politics has already meddled with you. Be an efficient, modern housekeeper and demand VOTES FOR WOMEN!"
source: M 9 Box 49, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
publisher: National Woman Suffrage Publishing Co., Inc., New York
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: This item is in the public domain. Acknowledgement of the Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.
relation: Learn more: Women's Suffrage: The Movement, Social Welfare History Project

Mammy Yokum and the Great Dogpatch Mystery
description: This comic book reprints a fable about prejudice and racial harmony by Al Capp. The story first appeared in Capp's L'il Abner comic strip. The comic book, printed and distributed by the Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith, tells a fable about prejudice and racial harmony. When a family with square eyes moves into Dogpatch, the round-eyed residents form a mob to drive the newcomers away. When one of the square-eyed children is hurt, Mammy Yokum discovers that what she has in common with the new folks is more important than their differences. She stops the mob and helps her neighbors get to know the new family. Mammy Yokum declares, "We is all square shooters, so we gotta give them folks wif th' square eyes a square deal!! Th' l'il diff'runces between folks shouldn't hide th' big things thass th' same 'bout all of us!!" The foreward to this publication was written by Henry Edward Schultz, National Chairman, Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith. The postscript was written by American author, Herman Wouk.
creator: Capp, Al
source: Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith Collection, Beth Ahabah Museum and Archives
date: 1956
contributor: Beth Ahabah Museum & Archives
rights: This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
relation: Learn more: Comics on a Mission: Educational and Public Service Comics, Social Welfare History Image Portal

March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom [publicity flyer]
description: The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom took place on 28 August 1963. An estimated 250,000 people attended the massive, peaceful rally, while many more watched the dramatic events live on television. This flyer reads: "An Appeal to You from Mathew Ahmann Eugene Carson Blake James Farmer Martin Luther King, Jr. John Lewis Isaiah Minkoff A. Philip Randolph Walter Reuther Roy Wilkins Whitney Young to MARCH on WASHINGTON Wednesday August 28, 1963 America faces a crisis ... Millions of Negroes are denied freedom ... Millions of citizens, black and white, are unemployed ... We demand: -- Meaningful Civil Rights Laws -- Massive Federal Works Program -- Full and Fair Employment -- Decent Housing -- The Right to Vote -- Adequate Integrated Education In your community, groups are mobilizing for the March. You can get information on how to go to Washington by calling civil rights organizations, religious organizations, trade unions, fraternal organizations and youth groups. National Office -- MARCH ON WASHINGTON FOR JOBS AND FREEDOM 170 West 130 Street New York 27 FI 8-1900 Cleveland Robinson, Chairman, Administrative Committee Bayard Rustin, Deputy Director
source: March on Washington 1963, Special Collections, William Smith Morton Library, Union Presbyterian Seminary
date: 1963
contributor: Union Presbyterian Seminary Library
rights: The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/
relation: Learn more: Hansan, John E., March on Washington, D.C. for Jobs and Freedom August 28, 1963, Social Welfare History Project The March (1963) [film], Social Welfare History Project March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom [tri-fold publicity flyer], Social Welfare History Image Portal

March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom [tri-fold publicity flyer]
description: Tri-fold flyer encouraging all Americans to join the March on Washington which would take place on Wednesday, August 28, 1963. Text on front page: "The time is NOW for all Americans Black and White to join the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. A call to action by James Farmer, Martin Luther King, John Lewis, A. Philip Randolph, Roy Wilkins, Whitney Young. Wednesday, August 28, 1963." Text from inside flyer: "America faces a crisis... Millions of citizens are unemployed... Millions are denied freedom... The twin evils of discrimination and exonomic deprivation plague the nation. They rob all people, Negro and white, of dignity, self-respect and freedom. They impose a special burden up the Negro who is denied the right to vote, refused access to public accommodations, forced to accept inferior education and relegated to sub-standard ghetto housing. One hundred years after the Emancipation Proclamation, the American Negro still bears the brunt of economic exploitation, the indignity of second-class citizenship, and ignominy of slave wages. The rate of Negro unemployment is almost three times higher than that of white workers, breeding misery, frustration and degradation in every community -- North and South. Discrimination in education and in apprenticeship training renders Negroes, Puerto Ricans and other minorities helpless in our mechanized, industrial society. Shunted to relief, to charity, or to living by their wits, the jobless are driven to despair, to crime, to hatred and to violence. Yet, despite this crisis... Southern Democrats and reactionary Republicans in Congress are still working to defeat any effective civil rights legislation. They fight against the rights of all workers and minority groups. They are the sworn enemies of freedom and justice. They proclaim states rights in order to destroy human rights. The Southern Democrats came to power by disenfranchising the Negro people. They know that as long as black workers are voteless, exploited, dep…
source: March on Washington 1963, Special Collections, William Smith Morton Library, Union Presbyterian Seminary
date: 1963
contributor: Union Presbyterian Seminary Library
rights: The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/
relation: Learn more: Hansan, John E., March on Washington, D.C. for Jobs and Freedom August 28, 1963, Social Welfare History Project The March (1963) [film], Social Welfare History Project March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom [publicity flyer], Social Welfare History Image Portal

Marching through snow and sleet, Passaic, New Jersey, 1926
description: Strikers march through snow during the Passaic Textile Strike, 1926. One woman blows a horn. Two signs are partially visible: "A Mill-Worker's Sunday Socks. One Pair A Year..." "Things That Cause Strikes Empty Milk Bottles We Want More Milk For Baby Strike"
source: American Labor Museum / Botto House National Landmark Persistent URL: https://doi.org/doi:10.7282/T3DF6SQH
date: 1926
contributor: American Labor Museum
rights: The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/
relation: Learn more: Passaic Textile Strike, 1926, Social Welfare History Project Passaic Textile Strike (1926) - film, Social Welfare History Project Labor, Social Welfare History Image Portal

Martin Luther King and the Montgomery Story
description: Educational comic book published by the Fellowship of Reconciliation following the success of the Montgomery Bus Boycott. The comic book advocates for the principles of nonviolence and teaches methods of nonviolent resistance. It was produced by the studio of artist Al Capp, who admired Dr. King. Civil rights activist and congressman John Lewis read and was inspired by this work as a teenager.
creator: Resnick, Benton and Hassler, Alfred (writers) Barry, Sy (artist)
source: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
date: 1958
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
relation: Learn more: Aydin, A. (2013). Cover Story: The comic book that changed the world. Martin Luther King and the Montgomery Story's vital role in the Civil Rights Movement. Creative Loafing. Bello, G. (2012, July 19). A Comic Book for Social Justice: John Lewis. Publishers Weekly Fellowship of Reconciliation (FOR-USA). Martin Luther King and The Montgomery Story Curriculum and Study Guide Mammy Yokum and the Great Dogpatch Mystery, Social Welfare History Image Portal. Comics on a Mission: Educational and Public Service Comics, Social Welfare History Image Portal

Mary Washington College Students Participate in the Strike Against the Expansion of the Vietnam War
description: Sue Cottingham, editor of the campus newspaper, The Bullet, is shown center left. She wears a "Strike" badge, protesting the Vietnam War expansion into Cambodia.
creator: Dervin, Daniel A.
source: Centennial Image Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Mary Washington Libraries
date: 1970
contributor: Special Collections and University Archives, University of Mary Washington Libraries
rights: In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/

Meanwhile They Drown [editorial cartoon by Blanche Ames Ames]
description: Suffrage cartoon by "B. Ames, 1915" (Blanche Ames Ames) from the Saturday, June 5, 1915 issue of Woman's Journal and Suffrage News, Vol. 46, No.23 Image Description: Man standing on a deck, holds a life preserver marked Votes for Women. He says, "When All women want it, I will throw it to them." Nearby a Woman identified as an Antisuffragist, sits and says, "We don't need it." In the water, women and children struggle against waves marked, "White Slaver," "Sweat Shop," "Disease" and "Filth."
creator: Ames, Blanche Ames
source: M 9 Box 229, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
date: 1915 June 5
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: This item is in the public domain. Acknowledgement of the Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.
relation: Learn more: Wielding the Pen: Editorial Cartooning for Social Reform, Social Welfare History Image Portal Suffrage, Social Welfare History Image Portal Women cartoonists, Social Welfare History Image Portal Editorial cartoons, Social Welfare History Image Portal

Meet Death [public safety pamphlet]
description: 1950 public safety pamphlet containing "actual scenes photographed by Cincinnati Police Department." The images of automobile accidents resulting in death, remind the reader of the serious consequences of careless driving. Text inside back cover: "These pictures are the end result of minor traffic violations by selfish drivers and pedestrians. The daily slaughter of humans is unnecessary. Stamp out this killing. REMEMBER The life you save -- may be your own."
creator: Greater Cincinnati Safety Council
source: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
date: 1950
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: IN COPYRIGHT This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
relation: Learn more: The Rhetoric of Fear, Discovery Set, Social Welfare History Image Portal

Members of the Virginia League of Women Voters, January 1923, Alexandria, Va.
description: Members of the Virginia League of Women Voters meeting in Alexandria, Virginia on February 3, 1923. Identification from back of photo Left to right: Mrs. Sarah Matthews, Norfolk Mrs. John H. Lewis (Eliz. Langer Lewis), Lynchburg Miss Adele Clark, Richmond Miss Helen Christian, Richmond A photograph of the entire group is held by the Library of Congress. This photograph was published on page 1 of the Alexandria Gazette, 139(23), January 26, 1923.
creator: Harris & Ewing
source: M 9 Box 242, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
date: 1923 February 3
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: NO KNOWN COPYRIGHT The organization that has made the Item available reasonably believes that the Item is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/ Acknowledgment of VCU Libraries as a source is requested.

Memorial: To the Legislature of Massachusetts
description: Dorothea Dix’s 1843 speech petitioning the Massachusetts Legislature for funds to improve the living condition of people with mental illnesses at Worchester Hospital. Her speech includes detailed descriptions of conditions in state and privately funded asylums, prisons, almshouses, and poorhouses throughout the North East.
creator: Dix, Dorothea Lynde
source: Simmons University Archives Charities Collection (Gift of Donald Moreland)
publisher: Printed by Munroe & Francis
date: 1843 January
contributor: Simmons University Library
rights: No Copyright – Non-Commercial Use Only This object has been digitized in a public-private partnership. As part of this partnership, the partners have agreed to limit commercial uses of this digital representation of the object by third parties. You can, without permission, copy, modify, distribute, display, or perform the digital object, for non-commercial uses. For any other permissible uses, please review the terms and conditions of the organization that has made the item available. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-NC/1.0/
relation: Learn more: Miss Dorothea Dix (1802 - 1887): Teacher, Nurse, Social Reformer and Advocate for the Mentally Ill, Social Welfare History Project Articles and documents related to mental illness, Social Welfare History Project

MEN. You are making "The World Safe for Democracy." [anti-suffrage handbill]
description: Echoing Woodrow Wilson's request for a Declaration of War in 1917, this handbill argued that women should be free from political duties just as they were free from the duty of fighting in war. The Virginia Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage, formed in Richmond, Va. in 1912. This group of women was associated with the National Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage. Excerpts: "MEN. You are making 'The World Safe for Democracy.' And also safe for women. That your Mothers, Sisters and Wives may never have to suffer as the women of Belgium and France have suffered. ALL WOMEN THANK YOU Men manage most of our business. Our Government is a very big business. Most women want men to manage our Government. Only a few women want suffrage. Shall these few women force all women into politics? Women can do their bit best outside of Politics. Our hands are full already with work which only women can do. Women are free from the duty of fighting. Protect us in our right to be free from political duties."
creator: Virginia Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage
source: M 9 Box 51, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/ Acknowledgement of the Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.
relation: Learn more: National Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage, Wikipedia Annotate a PDF of this item with hypothes.is

Migrant Children and Youth
description: Sent to Congressman W. R. Poage (Texas) with a cover letter signed by Betty Jane Whitaker of the Texas Committee on Migrant Farm Workers. This paper was written by Florence R. Wyckoff, Chairman of the Subcommittee on Families Who Follow the Crops, California Governor's Advisory Committee on Children and Youth. It was originally prepared for The National Conference on Problems of Rural Youth in a Changing Environment held in Stillwater, Oklahoma, on September 22-25, 1963. This copy was reproduced by the Texas Committee on Migrant Farm Workers. Wyckoff's paper was written to educate people about migrant workers and their status. The author discusses families of migrant workers, and why they migrate, as well as the effect of high mobility on migrant children and youth. Wyckoff's intent was to inform the politicians who may be unaware of the struggles of migrant workers, but are writing bills affecting them and their families. Excerpts: p.2 "There are many kinds of migratory workers in America, but we are mainly concerned with the agricultural migrant and his family because 'agricultural labor' is specifically exempted from much protective legislation covering other types of workers who move about, such as construction workers or lumber workers. For example, workers employed in agriculture are exempt from the Fair Labor Standards Act, Federal Wage and Hour Law. All states except Hawaii exempt them from unemployment insurance and all but California exempt them from disability insurance. Only a limited number are covered under social security. Residence requirements make it difficult for them to qualify for assistance benefits." p.3 "Economically, the migrant farm worker occupies the lowest level of any major group in the American economy."
creator: Wyckoff, Florence R.
source: Box 241, f. 13, W. R. Poage Papers, The W. R. Poage Legislative Library Political Collections, Baylor University Libraries
date: 1963 September
contributor: Baylor University Libraries
rights: http://www.baylor.edu/lib/digitization/digitalrights
relation: Learn more: Cosgrove, B. (2013) Bitter Harvest: LIFE With America's Migrant Workers, 1959. LIFE magazine Mar 10, 2013. (Previously unpublished photographs by Michael Rougier). The Position of Farm Workers in Federal and State Legislation, Social Welfare History Image Portal

Miss Margaret Foley The Well Known Suffragist Will Speak [broadside]
description: Broadside publicizes two presentations by suffragist Margaret Foley: Hampton Court House on Wednesday, April 12, 1916 and in Newport News on Thursday, April 13, 1916. "Miss Margaret Foley The Well Known Suffragist Will Speak on Votes for Women... Miss Foley is the only woman who ever spoke in the Harvard Stadium and a most popular speaker. ALL ARE WELCOME Come and Hear What She Has to Say Under the Auspices of the Hampton and Newport News Equal Suffrage Leagues" Handwritten note at top of page, [?] liked Miss Foley "the best yet" Addition handwritten note gives Newport News location as Knights of Columbus Hall.
source: M 9 Box 233, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
date: 1916
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries
rights: NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/ Acknowledgment of Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.
relation: Learn more: Photograph of Margaret Foley distributing the Woman's Journal and Suffage News, Library of Congress Papers of Margaret Foley, 1847-1968 (inclusive), 1909-1929 (bulk), Harvard Library McDaid, J. D. (2019, September 12). Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (1909-1920), Encyclopedia Virginia

Mobilizing for Busing Protest, Richmond, Va.
description: Black and white photograph of people preparing for an anti-busing demonstration. A woman stands holding an American flag, and a man standing with her wears a hand-lettered anti-busing sign, "Forced bussing & consolidation of schools will lead to either [arrow points to a Nazi swastika] or [arrow points to Communist red star and a hammer and sickle.]" Other people wearing anti-busing signs mill about in front of the Richmond Coliseum. One woman's sign reads, "I'm not fussing but I will not bus. No! Merhige No!"
creator: Richmond Newspapers, Inc.
source: P.74.11.18o, The Valentine
date: 1972 February 10
contributor: The Valentine
rights: This Work has been digitized in a public-private partnership. As part of this partnership, the partners have agreed to limit commercial uses of this digital representation of the Work by third parties. You can, without permission, copy, modify, distribute, display, or perform the Item, for non-commercial uses. For any other permissible uses, please review the terms and conditions of the organization that has made the Item available. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-NC/1.0/
relation: Learn more: Busing, Social Welfare History Image Portal 3,300 Autos Driven To Capital in Protest, The New York Times, February 18, 1972. Pratt, Robert A. The Color of Their Skin: Education and Race in Richmond, Virginia, 1954-89. The Conscience of Virginia: Judge Robert R. Merhige, Jr., and the Politics of School Desegregation Bradley v. School Board of City of Richmond, Virginia, 338 F. Supp. 67 (E.D. Va. 1972)

Mr. Grocer: Tell Your Friends, You'll See our Dollars when Segregation Ends! [1963 Farmville, Va. protests]
description: Protesters at Grants, Farmville Shopping Center, August 1963. Students carry signs opposing racial segregation, and encouraging shoppers to boycott businesses that support discriminatory practices. Darwyn White carries the "Mr. Grocer.." sign. Protester behind her carries sign reading, "If they don't see money, they'll see the truth. Boycott for Freedom." From VCU Libraries Freedom Now Project
source: Farmville 1963 Civil Rights Protests, VCU Libraries Digital Collections
date: 1963 August 24
contributor: Digital Collections, VCU Libraries
rights: This item is in the public domain. Acknowledgement of the Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.
relation: Learn more:VCU Libraries Freedom Now Project Massive Resistance, Encyclopedia Virginia Program of Action: The Rev. L. Francis Griffin and the Struggle for Racial Equality in Farmville, 1963, VCU Libraries Scholars Compass.

National Busing Report, Vol. 1, No. 11, October 1972
description: This is a publication of the anti-busing Save Our Neighborhood Schools, Inc., (SONS) organization. In the 1970 case, Bradley v. Richmond School Board, Judge Robert Merhige, Jr., ordered limited citywide busing in order to integrate Richmond, Virginia, schools, resulting in further white flight. Opposition from white parents was fierce and organized, as evidenced by groups such as SONS. Merhige's decision was overturned on June 6, 1972 by the U.S. Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals, which was affirmed a year later in the U.S. Supreme Court. The Court subsequently invalidated most busing across city-county boundaries and, unable to counteract white flight, many city schools again became overwhelmingly black. The trend continued through the late-twentieth century, and Richmond neighborhoods were more racially segregated in 1980 than in 1960. Detail from page 3: editorial cartoon by Jack Knox, reprinted from the Nashville Banner
creator: Save Our Neighborhood Schools, Inc.
source: General collection, Call Number L11 .N5, and General collection, Call Number L11 .S5, Library of the Virginia Museum of History and Culture, Virginia Historical Society
publisher: Save Our Neighborhood Schools, Inc.
date: 1972 October
contributor: Virginia Museum of History and Culture, Virginia Historical Society
rights: NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/ Acknowledgement of the Virginia Historical Society as a source is requested.
relation: Learn more: Busing, Social Welfare History Image Portal 3,300 Autos Driven To Capital in Protest, The New York Times, February 18, 1972. Pratt, Robert A. The Color of Their Skin: Education and Race in Richmond, Virginia, 1954-89. The Conscience of Virginia: Judge Robert R. Merhige, Jr., and the Politics of School Desegregation Bradley v. School Board of City of Richmond, Virginia, 338 F. Supp. 67 (E.D. Va. 1972)

National Health Circle for Colored People, Inc. Hiking the Health Road for Others
description: Informational pamphlet about the National Health Circle for Colored People, Inc. The National Health Circle for Colored People developed out of the Circle for Negro Relief, an organization that helped meet the needs for black soldiers and their families during World War I. In 1919 the Circle was reorganized as a peace time program for the promotion of public health work in African American communities. Belle Davis, a graduate of Fisk University, served as the Circle's executive secretary. Davis made over 25,000 visits in nine years to promote public health and welfare and raise awareness of the needs of black communities. The National Health Circle for Colored People also worked to recruit, educate and place African American public health nurses. They raised money for scholarship loans and at one time provided office space for the National Association of Colored Graduate Nurses. This pamphlet list six "Objects of the Organization" and speaks to public health conditions, their causes, and the remedy. An appeal to both white and black citizens for membership is followed by endorsements from Theodore Roosevelt, R. R. Moton, Haven Emerson, M.D., and C. Everit Macy. Dr. Will W. Alexander of the Commission on Interracial Cooperation is listed as a member of the Board of Directors. The Circle notes that "tuberculosis kills eleven times as many Negro boys between the ages of ten and fourteen as white boys, and about eight times as many colored girls as white girls." Life expectancy of blacks was less than that of whites, and as many as 96 out of every 1,000 African American babies died before their first birthday. Pictured on the front cover are two Scholarship Nurses of the Circle, Alice Alvenia Sightler, R.N., graduate of Mercy Hospital, Philadelphia (left) and Agnes Boozer, R.N., graduate of Harlem Hospital School of Nursing (right).
creator: National Health Circle for Colored People, Inc.
source: M 9 Box 35, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
date: between 1926 - 1929
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: COPYRIGHT UNDETERMINED The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/
relation: Learn more: Organizing Black America: an encyclopedia of African American associations (2001). New York: Garland. Thoms, A. B. (1929). Pathfinders: a history of the progress of colored graduate nurses. New York: Kay Print House. Hine, D.C. (1989). Black women in white: racial conflict and cooperation in the nursing profession, 1890-1950. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. National Association of Colored Nurses records, 1908-1958. New York Public Library. Hodson, Jane (1911). How to become a trained nurse. 3rd ed. New York, W. Abbatt. See p. 255, "Schools for Colored Nurses (Exclusively)."

National Kindergarten Association Letter, 1922
description: Letter from Bessie Locke, Corresponding Secretary of the National Kindergarten Association, addressed "FOR YOUR RESOLUTIONS COMMITTEE" and refers to an upcoming local [state?] convention. Excerpts: "RESOLVED, That the [National Kindergarten Association] urge its members to circulate petitions for kindergartens in their public schools, and write for information and advice on the subject to the National Kindergarten Association, 8 West 40th Street, New York." "RESOLVED, That the [National Kindergarten Association] sponsor a bill providing for the establishment of kindergartens upon petition of parents at the next legislative session. (California, Arizona, Nevada, Maine, Texas, Kansas, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin have already enacted petition kindergarten laws.)" "For the sake of the country's neglected little children, we hope it may be possible for you to have the above resolutions passed at your next convention. We shall appreciate news from you of the passage of either or both of them." The letter is stamped with what is likely the date received, April 13, 1922.
creator: Locke, Bessie
source: M 9 Box 103, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
date: 1922 April
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: This item is in the public domain. Acknowledgement of the Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.
relation: Learn more: The Kindergarten As A Child-Saving Work, Social Welfare History Project Free Kindergartens, Social Welfare History Project The Place of the Kindergarten in Child-Saving, Social Welfare History Project