Klan members wave, Ku Klux Klan parade, Richmond, Va., July 1967
Black and white photograph showing a woman wearing a Ku Klux Klan robe and hood and a man wearing a military-style Klan outfit; the pair wave while riding in back of a vehicle in downtown Richmond, Va. Taken during a parade on Broad Street in support of the Klan and possibily to drum up attendance for an upcoming rally to be held by the United Klans of America in eastern Henrico County, Va.
V.2017.83.161, The Valentine
The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/
Learn more: Ku Klux Klan in Virginia, Encyclopedia Virginia Mapping the Second Ku Klux Klan, 1915-1940, VCU Libraries The Ku Klux Klan and Christian Churches, Union Presbyterian Seminary Library Backlash to Reform: Hatred and Extremism, Social Welfare History Image Portal
Wearing white robes and hoods, members of the Ku Klux Klan, a right-wing extremist organization, parade on Grace Street in Richmond circa 1925. This photograph was taken at the intersection of Grace and Fifth streets, just a few blocks from the Virginia State Capitol.
Dementi Studio, Richmond
The Valentine
This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
The Suffragette Letter Carrier [anti-suffrage postcard]
Anti-suffrage postcard showing female letter carrier opening and reading other people's mail. She is walking a small dog while going about her rounds. Caption reads, "The Suffragette Letter Carrier. Would you trust your wife as letter carrier? Honest, would you?"
I.V.76.195.05, The Valentine
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Learn more: Women's Suffrage: The Movement, Social Welfare History Project
Program of the World Union of National Socialists [American Nazi Party handbill]
Two-sided handbill setting out the beliefs and purpose of the World Union of National Socialists. Signed by Lincoln Rockwell, Commander, American Nazi Party, this document states the organization's belief that Marxism is a religion promoted by the Jews. The first side of this handbill sets out a Creed, while the reverse gives an "American Program," listing actions that will be undertaken to solve various perceived problems. Using hyperbolic language to appeal to readers' sense of heroism, this manifesto states, "The only doctrine capable of such a heroic task -- the only doctrine with the proven power to fire the minds and hearts of millions of men to fight and CONQUER Jewish Bolshevism, is National Socialism -- the doctrine of IDEALISM -- the SACRIFICE of the selfish, ingrown EGO for the good of one's fellows -- the stuff of all great religions.... Therefore, we announce our purpose to be nothing less than a world-wide effort to free humanity from Jewish domination and subversion in all their forms, and the creation of the idealistic, racially realistic, socially progressive, international world ORDER which we must have, if we are to remain masters of our own planet. To this world-wide goal, we solemnly pledge our lives."
M 342, Box 13, Edward H. Peeples, Jr. Papers, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library
Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
Learn more: Miller, M.E. (2017). The shadow of an assassinated American Nazi commander hangs over Charlottesville. The Washington Post (August 21, 2017). Backlash to Reform: Hatred and Extremism, Social Welfare History Image Portal
Reb-Time Records, No. 1862, Oldways Pub. Co
Reb-Time Records No. 1862 by Oldways Pub. Co. This 45 RPM record contains music by "The Coon Hunters." One side is titled, "We Don't Want Niggers (In Our Schools)" and the other is "Nigger, Nigger."
M 342, Box 24, Edward H. Peeples, Jr. Papers, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library
Learn more: Backlash to Reform: Hatred and Extremism, Social Welfare History Image Portal
An Introduction to the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan [United Klans of America pamphlet]
Pamphlet outlining the beliefs and membership requirements of the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (United Klans of America). This pamphlet was produced by the Virginia Office, United Klans of America, in Chesapeake. It includes a statement by Robert M. Shelton, identified as Imperial Wizard. Excerpts: "The Knights of the Ku Klux Klan...is not now making and does not intend to make any fight on the Roman Catholic Church as a religious institutions, but it will unalterably and unequivocally oppose any move of the Catholic Church or of any other church, individual or organization which attempts to bring about a combination of church and state in these United States." "The Knights of the Ku Klux Klan is not the enemy of the negro. It opposes and will continue to oppose, the efforts of certain negro organizations and periodicals which are sowing the seeds of discontent and racial hatred among the negros of this country by preaching and teaching social equality and mongrelization of the races....we hold it is obligatory upon the negro race, and upon all othered colored races in America to recognize that they are living in the land of the white race by courtesy of the white race; and the white race cannot be expected to surrender to any other race, either in whole or in part, the control of its vital and fundamental governmental affairs." "No Jew can obtain citizenship in the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan....The constitution and regulations of the Order set forth that the living Christ is the Klansman's criterion of character. Therefore, it would be unjust to allow the Jew to enter into the fellowship with the Klavern by appealing to his patriotism, and then have him cease to attend because every meeting would be out of harmony with his religious convictions." "Be it known, that the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan was YESTERDAY, is TODAY and will FOREVER be opposed to Communism in any form and to its fellow-travelor organizations. The Knights of the Ku Klux Klan will fight to our last breath, using every means at our disposal to rid our country of this insidious plague of mankind."
Ku Klux Klan and Christian Churches digital collection, Special Collections, William Smith Morton Library, Union Presbyterian Seminary
Union Presbyterian Seminary Library
Encampment for Citizenship brochure, 1958
Recruitment brochure for the Summer 1958 Encampment for Citizenship held in Berkeley, CA and New York City.
M 391 Box 5, Encampment for Citizenship Collection, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
Encampment for Citizenship recruitment materials
Tri-fold brochure and poster advertising the Summer 1990 Encampment for Citizenship
Learn more: Encampment for Citizenship: Education for Democratic Living, VCU Libraries Gallery
Encampment for Citizenship brochure, 1964
Recruitment brochure for the Summer 1964 Encampment for Citizenship. The tear-off card refers to the 1933 pre-code movie "Design for Living" based on Noel Coward's play of the same name
Encampment for Citizenship: a pilot program in democratic education
Publication of the Encampment for Citizenship which sets forth the need and the goals for the program. No publication date given, but text indicates a quotation dated 1953.
White Power. The Newspaper of White Revolution, No. 24, February 1972 [National Socialist White Peoples Party publication]
Publication of the National Socialist White Peoples Party, formerly the American Nazi Party founded by George Lincoln Rockwell. Matt Koehl succeeded George Lincoln Rockwell as commander of the NSWPP after Rockwell was shot by John Patler. The cover of this 8-page newspaper declares "Busing is Genocide! Red Race-mixers Planning to Destroy White People But Whites Waking Up! Hated Buses Go Up in Smoke; Jew Mixmasters Warned: 'STOP THIS MURDER - OR YOU'LL BE NEXT TO BURN!'" [Image Description: Three neatly-dressed black elementary school boys stand in front of a Mecklenburg County, NC school bus as two white girls carrying books look on. One of the boys is speaking with a teacher. This photograph is surrounded by jagged white shapes and placed over a photograph of buses burning.] This article describes in violent racist and antisemitic language how the Aryan people of America are coming in growing numbers to the National Socialist movement under the leadership of Matt Koehl. The article continues on page 8 under the title, "Whites: Nixon Could Stop Busing." A second article shown here is "America: A Racial Mission" by Commander Matt Koehl (pages 4 - 5). Also shown is an advertisement for a subscription to White Power. "SMASH...The Paper Curtain!...Read the most dynamic, idealistic, informative newspaper in the world today! Act now! Don't miss one fact-and-action-packed issue!" An advertisement for the soundtrack of Leni Riefenstahl's 1935 German propganda film, Triumph of the Will, says, "Hold a Party rally right in your own living room!" "Also available: Luftwaffe, a stirring album of marches, songs and battle sounds of the German Air Force."
Anti-Semitism Collection, Beth Ahabah Museum & Archives
Boating Not Busing [National Socialist White Peoples Party flyer]
Anti-busing, anti-integration, anti-government flyer created by the National Socialist White Peoples Party (previously named the American Nazi Party) of Arlington, Va. Using violent antisemitic and racist speech, this flyer paints a dire picture of an integrated America if white people don't "get away from the old two-party windle and get behind a REAL political party that represents THEIR interests!" While undated, this flyer is believed to date to around 1972 during the school busing conflicts in Virginia.
Be A Man Join the Klan [United Klans of America recruiting poster]
Recruiting poster produced by the Virginia office of the United Klans of America.
What Rockwell Will Do As Governor [Rockwell for Governor Campaign leaflet]
Two-sided campaign leaflet for George Lincoln Rockwell's 1965 gubernatorial campaign. One side appears to originate from Rockwell's organization, the American Nazi Party, and includes an advertisement for Hatenanny Records. The reverse contains a statement of belief from the Virginia Office of the United Klans of America, Chesapeake, Va. Rockwell's campaign platform promotes white schools, stopping federal bribery and extortion, law and order in Virginia, taxes and welfare, anti-subversive commission, and relocation benefits. His campaign values are supported by those of the Ku Klux Klan, which are enumerated in the pamplet, as well. The Ku Klux Klan was founded in 1866 by former Confederate soliders who sought to continue to intimidate and commit acts of violence against black Americans. Klan support and action surged in the 1920s, when they further adopted anti-immigrant, anti-Catholic, and anti-Semitic agendas. Likewise, there was another revival in the 1940s-1960s in response to the Civil Rights movement, school desegreation, and the pressure to end Jim Crow laws throughout the south. To maintain and garner support, the Klan associated themselves with Christianity, even using a burning cross to represent white Protestant identity. Mills E. Godwin, Jr. won the governorship with 296,526 of the 562,789 votes cast. Rockwell received 5,730 votes, coming in fourth behind Godwin, A. Linwood Holton, Jr. and William J. Story Jr.
Virginia Office, United Klans of America, Inc.
M 342 Box 13, Edward H. Peeples, Jr. Papers, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
Learn more: Ku Klux Klan in Virginia, Encyclopedia Virginia Mapping the Second Ku Klux Klan, 1915-1940, VCU Libraries The Ku Klux Klan and Christian Churches, Union Presbyterian Seminary Library George Lincoln Rockwell, Social Welfare History Image Portal The shadow of an assassinated American Nazi commander hangs over Charlottesville. The Washington Post (August 21, 2017). Backlash to Reform: Hatred and Extremism, Social Welfare History Image Portal
The Stormtrooper Magazine [American Nazi Party publication]
From inside front cover: "The Stormtrooper magazine is the official news magazine of the American Nazi Party published quarterly...John Patler, Editor" Last two pages and back cover list "Nazi Literature and Other Items For Sale" that include booklets, photographs of George Lincoln Rockwell, Adolph Hitler and Joseph McCarthy, leaflets, arm bands, lapel pins, recordings, stickers, and copies of "The Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion," an antisemitic forgery purporting to describe a Jewish plan for global domination. An article on pages 23 - 24 reports on George Lincoln Rockwell's campaign for Governor of Virginia. In 1965, Mills E. Godwin, Jr. won the governorship with 296,526 of the 562,789 votes cast. Rockwell received 5,730 votes, coming in fourth behind Godwin, A. Linwood Holton, Jr. and William J. Story Jr. In 1967, Patler was expelled from the ANP after disagreeing with founder George Lincoln Rockwell. On August 25, 1967, Patler shot and killed Rockwell at an Arlington, Va. shopping center. Selected pages include a cartoon by Patler, "Lessons in Free Speech" which shows a long-haired "liberal" and a Jew (wearing a Star of David) discussing free speech and the Constitution while protesting a speech by George Lincoln Rockwell. A notice on page 12 describes how the editor of The Stormtrooper, John Patler, was found not guilty on a charge of disorderly conduct for picketing in front of the White House.
Edward H. Peeples Collection, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
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Learn more: George Lincoln Rockwell, Social Welfare History Image Portal Miller, M.E. (2017). The shadow of an assassinated American Nazi commander hangs over Charlottesville. The Washington Post (August 21, 2017). Backlash to Reform: Hatred and Extremism, Social Welfare History Image Portal
Here Comes Whiteman [American Nazi Party comic book]
White supremacist comic book created for the American Nazi Party by member John Patler. Born John C. Patsalos, John Patler joined the American Nazi Party in 1960 and changed his name. The ANP had its headquarters in Arlington, Va. In 1967 Patler was expelled from the ANP after disagreeing with founder George Lincoln Rockwell. On August 25, 1967, Patler shot and killed Rockwell at an Arlington, Va. shopping center. "Here Comes Whiteman" was part of the ANP's efforts to spread their ideas to a larger audience. Their promotional campaign included a variety of publications, flyers, and even 45 RPM records of white supremacist music. Supporters of the ANP were expected to read and distribute materials like this comic and The Stormtrooper Magazine. In this comic book, Whiteman is the secret identity of Lew Cor ("Roc Wel" spelled backwards) who makes deliveries for the Arlington Milk Co. Lew Cor speaks the secret words "Lieh Geis" ("Sieg Heil" backwards), and in a flash of lightning is transformed into Whiteman, a costumed superhero with a swastika on his chest. In this issue Whiteman fights an "interplanetary duel" with characters named "The Jew from Outer Space" and "Supercoon."
Boat Ticket to Africa [American Nazi Party promotional material]
Two-sided handbill in the form of a mock boat ticket on one side and, on the other, an advertisement for a product to turn white liberals into black. A coupon gives an address where one may send away for additional copies of this "ticket" and request an introductory packet to learn more about the aims and ideals of the American Nazi Party.
Hatenanny Records Advertisement [American Nazi Party handbill]
Single-sided, single page flyer advertising "Ship Those Niggers Back" a 45 RPM record released by the American Nazi Party. During the 1960s, George Lincoln Rockwell attempted to draw attention to the American Nazi Party (which he founded) by starting a small record label, named Hatenanny Records. The label released several 45 RPM singles, including recordings by a group credited as Odis Cochran and the Three Bigots, that were sold mostly through mail order and at party rallies. (SaveTheVinyl.org) The name "Hatenanny" comes from the word "hootenanny" which referred to folk music gatherings. Rockwell regarded folk musicians as communist sympathizers, race-mixers, and "peace creeps." This advertising copy states "The "Hatenanny" is WHITE MANS' folk-music...." View the record.
Learn more: Hatenanny Records, Social Welfare History Image Portal Hatenanny Records. The Record Label of the American Nazi Party. SaveTheVinyl.org Otis Cochran & the Three Bigots record sleeve, Internet Archive George Lincoln Rockwell, Social Welfare History Image Portal Miller, M.E. (2017). The shadow of an assassinated American Nazi commander hangs over Charlottesville. The Washington Post (August 21, 2017). Backlash to Reform: Hatred and Extremism, Social Welfare History Image Portal
During the 1960s, George Lincoln Rockwell attempted to draw attention to the American Nazi Party (which he founded) by starting a small record label, named Hatenanny Records. The label released several 45 RPM singles, including recordings by a group credited as Odis Cochran and the Three Bigots, that were sold mostly through mail order and at party rallies. (SaveTheVinyl.org) The name "Hatenanny" comes from the word "hootenanny" which referred to folk music gatherings. Rockwell regarded folk musicians as communist sympathizers, race-mixers and "peace creeps." Bob Dylan mentions George Lincoln Rockwell in his "Talkin' John Birch Paranoid Blues." Side 1: "Ship Those Niggers Back" credited to Odis Cochran & Guitar with "The 3 Bigots" copyright 1964 By G.L Rockwell Pary, Inc. #6409191 Side 2: "We Is Non-Violent Niggers" credited to Odis Cochran & Guitar with "The 3 Bigots" copyright 1964 By G.L Rockwell Pary, Inc. #6409192
Learn more: Hatenanny Records. The Record Label of the American Nazi Party. SaveTheVinyl.org Otis Cochran & the Three Bigots record sleeve, Internet Archive George Lincoln Rockwell, Social Welfare History Image Portal Miller, M.E. (2017). The shadow of an assassinated American Nazi commander hangs over Charlottesville. The Washington Post (August 21, 2017). Backlash to Reform: Hatred and Extremism, Social Welfare History Image Portal
The Rockwell Report, November - December, 1966 [American Nazi Party]
Official monthly publication of the American Nazi Party, an organization founded by George Lincoln Rockwell in March 1959. Cover title for this issue, "The Real Nature of White Backlash." Slogan on cover: "White People! Unite & Fight!" Advertisement on the back cover for Hatenanny Records No. 2 by G.L. Rockwell and the Coon Hunters. Rockwell attempted to draw attention to the ANP by starting a small record label, named Hatenanny Records. The label released several 45 RPM singles, including recordings by a group credited as Odis Cochran and the Three Bigots, that were sold mostly through mail order and at party rallies. (savethevinyl.org)
The Opinion of Those Who Ought to Know: What Representative Negroes Say of the Interracial Movement [pamphlet]
A compilation of quotations from prominent Southern African Americans on the Commission on Interracial Cooperation. Included are Robert Russa Moton, Mary McLeod Bethune, Dr. Isaac Fisher, Dr. Alfred Lawless and others. Founded in Atlanta in 1919, the CIC functioned as the major race reform organization in the South during the period between the world wars. While it never openly challenged segregation or advocated racial equality, it did strive for an end to racial violence and for better treatment for all classes of black men and women (Bridging the Gap: The Commission on Interracial Cooperation, 2009). Excerpt, p.2 "Dr. R. R. Moton, Principal Tuskegee Institute, Tuskegee, Ala.: 'The usefulness of the Commission on Interracial Cooperation has very far exceeded anything that I expected of it. Its actual service to the cause of mutual understanding and good will between the races has abundantly justified the time, labor, money and thought that have been put into it....'" p.3 "Mrs. Mary McLeod Bethune, President National Association of Colored Women: 'No agency has contributed more to the establishment and maintenance of tolerable relations between the black and white races in the South than has the Interracial Commission....A decrease in lynchings, an improvement in educational facilities, a sympathetic study of the Negro in clleges and universities, and the appearance of influential Negro leaders before selected audiences of white people, to discuss the race question from the Negro's angle, are some of the unusual and salutary concrete results of the activities of the Interracial Commission.'"
Commission on Interracial Cooperation, Atlanta, Ga.
M 9 Box 100, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
Learn more: "Bridging the Gap: The Commission on Interracial Cooperation" Documenting the American South, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Southern Opinion and Race Relations [pamphlet]
A collection of quotations from prominent Southern whites and blacks on the subject of race relations. Compiled by Robert Burns Eleazer, Education Director for the Commission on Interracial Cooperation (CIC). Founded in Atlanta in 1919, the CIC functioned as the major race reform organization in the South during the period between the world wars. While it never openly challenged segregation or advocated racial equality, it did strive for an end to racial violence and for better treatment for all classes of black men and women (Bridging the Gap: The Commission on Interracial Cooperation, 2009).
Learn more: "Bridging the Gap: The Commission on Interracial Cooperation" Documenting the American South, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill The Robert Burns Eleazer papers, Vanderbilt University
Southern White Women on Lynching and Mob Violence [pamphlet]
From front cover: "Excerpts from pronouncements of different Woman's State Committees on Race Relations" Statements from Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia; followed by Resolutions from the Woman's General Committee, Commission on Interracial Co-operation. From back cover: "Organizations of Women Co-operating with The Commission on Interracial Co-operation Presbyterian Church (South) Episcopal Church (National) Methodist Episcopal Church Methodist Episcopal Church (South) Baptist Church (South) Disciples Church (National) Congregational Church (National) Y. W. C. A. (National) Woman's Clubs (By States) National Federation Colored Woman's Clubs" From pp. 3 - 4 (Georgia) "We have a deep sense of appreciation for the chivalry of men who would give their lives for the purity and safety of the women of their own race, yet we feel constrained to declare our convictions concerning the methods sometimes employed in this supposed protection...we believe that 'no falser appeal can be made to Southern manhood than that mob-violence is necessary for the protection of womanhood,' or that the brutal practice of lyching and burning of human beings is an expression of chivalry. We believe that these methods are 'no protection to anything or anybody but that they jeopardize every right and every security that we possess." p.5 (Oklahoma) "We believe that the government should protect all citizens, regardless of class or color, and that life and property should be held sacred. We hold, therefore, that no circumstances can every justify such disregard of law and humand rights as in involved in the crime of lynching and other forms of mob violence, and that in no instance can this be regarded as an exhibition of chivalry. We pledge ourselves to efforts for creating in our citizenship a demand for full justice for the Negro; more consideration for his achievements; and less glaring publicity on crimes attributed to the race." p. 7 "RESOLVED, (1) That we deplore the failure of State Governments to handle this, the most conspicuous enemy to justice and righteousness, and the most flagrant violation of the Constitution of our great nation. (2) That we definitely set ourselves to the task of creating such sentiment as is possible to us in each State of our territory to the end that not only sufficient laws shall be enacted to enable the trusted officers of the law to discharge their full duty, but to secure the enforcement of the laws now in existance. (3)That this resolution be presented to all our co-operating organizations and State Committees in an effort to put into effect such plans as are necessary to secure a sustained effort on the part of our women to accomplishment of these ends." Founded in Atlanta in 1919, the CIC functioned as the major race reform organization in the South during the period between the world wars. While it never openly challenged segregation or advocated racial equality, it did strive for an end to racial violence and for better treatment for all classes of black men and women (Bridging the Gap: The Commission on Interracial Cooperation, 2009).
Friends Asylum for Colored Orphans, St. Paul and Charity streets, Richmond, Virginia
Lucy Goode Brooks (1818–1900) and members of the Ladies Sewing Circle for Charitable Work established the Friends Asylum for Colored Orphans in 1871. These formerly enslaved women enlisted the support of the Cedar Creek Meeting Society of Friends (Quakers) to found a home for orphaned and abandoned African-American children. Brooks’s activism came from her experience losing one of her children, who was sold before the Civil War. The Friends Asylum opened an orphanage at St. Paul and Charity streets in Jackson Ward. Today, the organization is known as FRIENDS Association for Children. It provides childcare, enrichment programs, support and educational services to low-income families.
Learn more: Louise Goode Brooks (1818 - 1900), John T. Kneebone, The Library of Virginia. Richmond Comes Together: Images of Community Outreach, The Valentine Acts and Joint Resolutions Passed by the General Assembly of the State of Virginia at its Session of 1871-'72, Chap. 362, p.454. Charter and By-laws of the Friends' Asylum for Colored Orphans, in the City of Richmond, Va. Remaking Virginia: Transformation Through Emancipation, Library of Virginia.
Letter from Rev. John Kirstein to Aubrey Brown, Jr. , August 22, 1963
Letter to Aubrey Brown, Jr., editor of The Presbyterian Outlook, from Rev. John A. Kirstein, associate editor of the Presbyterian Survey, in opposition to the PCUS statement to the National Council of Churches.
Aubrey Brown Jr. personal papers collection. March on Washington 1963 digital collection, Special Collections, William Smith Morton Library, Union Presbyterian Seminary
Learn more: Hansan, John E., March on Washington, D.C. for Jobs and Freedom August 28, 1963, Social Welfare History Project The March (1963) [film], Social Welfare History Project March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom [tri-fold publicity flyer], Social Welfare History Image Portal