Presbyterian Church in the United States (PCUS) press release, August 22, 1963
Press release from the headquarters of the Presbyterian Church in the United States (commonly known as the Southern Presbyterian Church) in Atlanta, GA, dated 22 Aug 1963. It announces the official resistance of the PCUS to participation in the March on Washington. It includes the full text of the statement sent to the National Council of Churches stating that the PCUS is "unable to cooperate" with the NCC's Commission on Religion and Race calling for participation. Includes a memo from Bill Lamkin, who sent this text to Aubrey Brown, Jr. for inclusion in the Presbyterian Outlook, the primary news publication of the PCUS since 1944. Aubrey Brown, Jr. served as manager and editor of Presbyterian Outlook for 35 years.
Presbyterian Church in the United States (PCUS)
Aubrey Brown Jr. personal papers collection. March on Washington 1963 digital collection, Special Collections, William Smith Morton Library, Union Presbyterian Seminary
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Learn more: Hansan, John E., March on Washington, D.C. for Jobs and Freedom August 28, 1963, Social Welfare History Project The March (1963) [film], Social Welfare History Project March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom [tri-fold publicity flyer], Social Welfare History Image Portal
March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom [tri-fold publicity flyer]
Tri-fold flyer encouraging all Americans to join the March on Washington which would take place on Wednesday, August 28, 1963. Text on front page: "The time is NOW for all Americans Black and White to join the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. A call to action by James Farmer, Martin Luther King, John Lewis, A. Philip Randolph, Roy Wilkins, Whitney Young. Wednesday, August 28, 1963." Text from inside flyer: "America faces a crisis... Millions of citizens are unemployed... Millions are denied freedom... The twin evils of discrimination and exonomic deprivation plague the nation. They rob all people, Negro and white, of dignity, self-respect and freedom. They impose a special burden up the Negro who is denied the right to vote, refused access to public accommodations, forced to accept inferior education and relegated to sub-standard ghetto housing. One hundred years after the Emancipation Proclamation, the American Negro still bears the brunt of economic exploitation, the indignity of second-class citizenship, and ignominy of slave wages. The rate of Negro unemployment is almost three times higher than that of white workers, breeding misery, frustration and degradation in every community -- North and South. Discrimination in education and in apprenticeship training renders Negroes, Puerto Ricans and other minorities helpless in our mechanized, industrial society. Shunted to relief, to charity, or to living by their wits, the jobless are driven to despair, to crime, to hatred and to violence. Yet, despite this crisis... Southern Democrats and reactionary Republicans in Congress are still working to defeat any effective civil rights legislation. They fight against the rights of all workers and minority groups. They are the sworn enemies of freedom and justice. They proclaim states rights in order to destroy human rights. The Southern Democrats came to power by disenfranchising the Negro people. They know that as long as black workers are voteless, exploited, depressed and underpaid the fight of white workers for decent wages and working conditions will fail. They know that semi-slavery for one means semi-slavery for all. We oppose these forces. We appeal for unity to destroy this century-long hoax.... We call upon all Americans, regardless of race or creed to join the March on Washington for freedom. To demand that Congress pass a civil rights bill that will restore the constitutional rights now denied the Negro people. To assure neither watering down, nor compromise, nor filibuster against civil rights legislation by either political party. To offer a great witness to the basic moral principle of human equality and brotherhood. We call upon all Americans, regardless of race or creed to join the March on Washington for jobs. In their historic non-violent revolt for freedom, the Negro people are demanding the right to decent jobs -- recognizing that their struggle is inextricably linked with the struggle for decent jobs for all Americans. They know that, in the long run, there is no way for Negroes to win and hold jobs unless the problems of automation, a stagnant economy, and discrimination are solved; therefore, the Federal government must establish a massive works program to train and employ all Americans at decent wages and at meaningful and dignified labor. ------- We call upon you and upon all organizations -- churches, fraternal societies, labor unions, civil groups, youth groups and professional associations -- to accelerate the dynamic, non-violent thrust of the civil rights revolution by joining The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom To restore economic Freedom to all in this nation To blot out once and for all the scourge of racial discrimination The time is NOW"
March on Washington 1963, Special Collections, William Smith Morton Library, Union Presbyterian Seminary
Learn more: Hansan, John E., March on Washington, D.C. for Jobs and Freedom August 28, 1963, Social Welfare History Project The March (1963) [film], Social Welfare History Project March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom [publicity flyer], Social Welfare History Image Portal
Southern Christian Leadership Conference Newsletter, (Vol. 1, No. 12), September 1963
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) newsletter published weeks after the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. The newsletter reports on the March and also reports on the upcoming 7th Annual conference to take place at Virginia Union University in Richmond, Virginia, September 24 - 27, 1963. As president of the SCLC, Martin Luther King, Jr. attended the conference and spoke on the final evening.
Southern Christian Leadership Conference
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George Lincoln Rockwell, Richmond, Va., July 4, 1963 [publicity flyer]
A flyer promoting an appearance by George Lincoln Rockwell, founder of the American Nazi Party, in Richmond, Virginia on July 4, 1963. The rally was to intended to motivate opposition to the March on Washington that would take place on August 28, 1963. Rockwell spoke in front of City Hall in Richmond. Rockwell's white supremacist activism was influenced by Senator Joseph McCarthy. Rockwell equated "race-mixing" with Communism. He was also anti-semitic. Rockwell ran an unsuccessful campaign for Governor of Virginia in 1965. Mills E. Godwin, Jr. won the governorship with 296,526 of the 562,789 votes cast. Rockwell received 5,730 votes, coming in fourth behind Godwin, A. Linwood Holton, Jr. and William J. Story Jr. Rockwell was murdered in 1967 by a recently expelled member of the American Nazi Party. This flyer was folded in half for distribution. The two half-sized images appeared on the outside. Once opened, there were three full-sized pages of text inside.
Aubrey Brown Jr. personal papers collection. March on Washington 1963 digital collection. Special Collections, William Smith Morton Library, Union Presbyterian Seminary
Learn more: Backlash to Reform: Hatred and Extremism, Social Welfare History Image Portal Miller, M.E. (2017). The shadow of an assassinated American Nazi commander hangs over Charlottesville. The Washington Post (August 21, 2017). Roosevelt, E. (1939). Keepers of Democracy, from The Virginia Quarterly Review (Winter 1939), Social Welfare History Project Hansan, John E., March on Washington, D.C. for Jobs and Freedom August 28, 1963, Social Welfare History Project The March (1963) [film], Social Welfare History Project March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom [publicity flyer], Social Welfare History Image Portal
March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom [publicity flyer]
The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom took place on 28 August 1963. An estimated 250,000 people attended the massive, peaceful rally, while many more watched the dramatic events live on television. This flyer reads: "An Appeal to You from Mathew Ahmann Eugene Carson Blake James Farmer Martin Luther King, Jr. John Lewis Isaiah Minkoff A. Philip Randolph Walter Reuther Roy Wilkins Whitney Young to MARCH on WASHINGTON Wednesday August 28, 1963 America faces a crisis ... Millions of Negroes are denied freedom ... Millions of citizens, black and white, are unemployed ... We demand: -- Meaningful Civil Rights Laws -- Massive Federal Works Program -- Full and Fair Employment -- Decent Housing -- The Right to Vote -- Adequate Integrated Education In your community, groups are mobilizing for the March. You can get information on how to go to Washington by calling civil rights organizations, religious organizations, trade unions, fraternal organizations and youth groups. National Office -- MARCH ON WASHINGTON FOR JOBS AND FREEDOM 170 West 130 Street New York 27 FI 8-1900 Cleveland Robinson, Chairman, Administrative Committee Bayard Rustin, Deputy Director
Union Presbyterian Seminary Library
Cold, hungry strikers, Passaic, New Jersey, 1926
Passaic strikers men, women, and children take a break from the cold to get a beverage. This event took place during the Passaic Textile Strike, 1926. Dated March 4, 1926.
American Labor Museum / Botto House National Landmark Persistent URL: https://doi.org/doi:10.7282/T37M09GG
Learn more: Passaic Textile Strike, 1926, Social Welfare History Project Passaic Textile Strike (1926) - film, Social Welfare History Project Labor, Social Welfare History Image Portal
Child strikers, Passaic Textile Strike, 1926
Children of Forstmann Huffman employees participate in strike. They hold signs reading "WE WANT MORE FOOD AND MORE CLOTHES" and "WE ARE STRIKERS CHILDREN WE NEED MORE FOOD" Image dated March 8, 1926.
American Labor Museum / Botto House National Landmark Persistent URL: https://doi.org/doi:10.7282/T3CC127N
Speech in Belmont Park, Garfield, New Jersey, 1926
Boys and girls in Belmont Park, Garfield, N.J. the day after police had dispersed their parade. Mrs H. Zeitkowsky is speaking. The girl sitting near the speaker is Miriam Silberfarb, leader with the striker children. This event took place during the Passaic Textile Strike, 1926.
American Labor Museum / Botto House National Landmark
Police resistance, Passaic Textile Strike, 1926
Martin Winkler of Garfield, New Jersey is arrested for resistance, after which he received a 10 day prison sentence. This event took place during the Passaic Textile Strike, 1926.
American Labor Museum / Botto House National Landmark Persistent URL: https://doi.org/doi:10.7282/T3TH8P75
Virginia Home for Incurables, W. Broad and Robinson streets, Richmond, Virginia
In 1894, Mary Tinsley Greenhow, who as a teenager was paralyzed during a horse riding accident, founded the Virginia Home for Incurables. Disabled Richmonders needing life-long care lived at the home near Capitol Square. In 1898, the home moved to W. Broad and Robinson streets, across from the future site of the Science Museum of Virginia. It moved to its present location on Hampton Street in Byrd Park in 1930. The name shortened to The Virginia Home in 1963. Today, Virginia residents at least 18 years of age with an irreversible physical disability can apply for residence. The Virginia Home provides nursing and medical care, therapy, counseling services, job and recreational opportunities to its residents.
Cook Collection, The Valentine,
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Female Humane Society, Richmond, Virginia
The Memorial Foundation for Children’s story began in 1805, when a homeless girl supposedly presented herself at the door of Jean Moncure Wood, wife of Governor James E. Wood. Realizing that the city lacked a shelter for needy girls, Mrs. Wood worked to establish the Female Humane Association in 1807. The Association was incorporated in 1811 and built its first shelter on the corner of St. John's and Charity streets in Richmond. It was later called the Memorial Home for Girls (1921), the Memorial Foundation (1946), and then the Memorial Foundation for Children (1962). Throughout its history, the organization has provided shelter to homeless children, guidance and psychological services, and daycare. In 1972, the foundation shifted from direct care to giving financial assistance to other local charities.
The Valentine
Learn more: Constitution and By-Laws of the Female Humane Association of the City of Richmond, Adopted April 1, 1833. HathiTrust.org Memorial Foundation for Children. Records, 1811-2006, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia (finding aid) "The Noble Asylum" Richmond Enquirer, Volume 40, Number 7, 2 June 1843 (p. 3 col. 2). Virginia Chronicle.
Labor meeting, Passaic Textile Strike, 1926
A woman holds a gas mask at a labor meeting.
American Labor Museum / Botto House National Landmark Persistent URL: https://doi.org/doi:10.7282/T3SX6FHX
Textile Strikers General Relief Store No. 3
People stand in the doorway of the Textile Strikers General Relief Store No. 3. This store was run by the International Workers Aid.
American Labor Museum / Botto House National Landmark Persistent URL: https://doi.org/doi:10.7282/T3PR7XHF
Textile Strikers General Relief Store No. 2, Passaic, New Jersey
Textile strikers with their children in front of them stand in the doorway of a General Relief store. This was one of the strike relief centers run by International Worker's Aid.
American Labor Museum / Botto House National Landmark Persistent URL: https://doi.org/doi:10.7282/T3RJ4M1V
Marching through snow and sleet, Passaic, New Jersey, 1926
Strikers march through snow during the Passaic Textile Strike, 1926. One woman blows a horn. Two signs are partially visible: "A Mill-Worker's Sunday Socks. One Pair A Year..." "Things That Cause Strikes Empty Milk Bottles We Want More Milk For Baby Strike"
American Labor Museum / Botto House National Landmark Persistent URL: https://doi.org/doi:10.7282/T3DF6SQH
Singing Solidarity Forever, Passaic County, 1926
Strikers raise their fists and sing as they march down a street during the Passaic Textile Strike, 1926. One striker wears a military uniform. Photograph is marked for cropping. The I.W.W. song "Solidarity Forever" was sung to the tune of "John Brown's Body." The words, written by Ralph Chaplin, begin, When the Union's inspiration through the worker's blood shall run, There can be no power greater anywhere beneath the sun; Yet what force on earth is weaker than the feeble strength of one? But the Union makes us strong. Chorus: Solidarity forever, solidarity forever, Solidarity forever, for the union makes us strong.
American Labor Museum / Botto House National Landmark Persistent URL: https://doi.org/doi:10.7282/T3GH9K76
Police with clubs restrain female striker
Police with clubs restrain a female striker, Passaic County, New Jersey.
American Labor Museum / Botto House National Landmark Persistent URL: https://doi.org/doi:10.7282/T3319X6N
Police use firehoses against a group of advancing textile strikers, Passaic County, New Jersey.
American Labor Museum/Botto House National Landmark Persistent URL: https://doi.org/doi:10.7282/T30866VT
Striker in a gas mask, Passaic, New Jersey
A Passaic striker wears a gas mask for protection from the effects of tear gas. Police used tear gas, clubs, and firehoses to disperse crowds of strikers. Gus Deak, future president of the United Textile Worker's Local 1603, is in the left foreground of the picture.
American Labor Museum / Botto House National Landmark Persistent URL: https://doi.org/doi:10.7282/T3SQ91XD
Silk dye workers just before arrest. Nancy Sandowsky at center.
American Labor Museum/Botto House National Landmark Persistent URL: https://doi.org/doi:10.7282/T3M046Z7
A small room containing a toilet, stove, and washbasin. Photograph taken in Passaic County, New Jersey.
American Labor Museum / Botto House National Landmark Persistent URL: https://doi.org/doi:10.7282/T3VH5QCJ
A textile worker stands beside her three children who are seated. Various cooking implements, a wash basin and wash board are visible.
American Labor Museum / Botto House National Landmark Persistent URL: https://doi.org/doi:10.7282/T39P335D
American Labor Museum/Botto House National Landmark Persistent URL: https://doi.org/doi:10.7282/T3K64KM2
Strikers March, Passaic Textile Strike, 1926
Strikers march down a public street during the 1926 Passaic textile strike. A group of strikers in front of the march wear World War I brodie helmets (doughboy helmets) and carry an American flag. A small boy runs along beside them. This work stoppage by more than 15,000 woolen mill workers in and around Passaic, New Jersey, lasted from January 25, 1926 to March 1, 1927. It was the first Communist-led work stoppage in the United States.
American Labor Museum / Botto House National Landmark Persistent URL: https://doi.org/doi:10.7282/T3Z89DZG
Illustrated title page in blue, white and black with the seal of the American Federation of Labor and 4 small scenes of a printer, machinist, construction worker and miner. At top of page: "Dedicated to Mr. Samuel Gompers." Seal at center shows the motto "Labor Omnia Vincit." Complete score available from Baylor University Libraries Digital Collections.
Kennedy, Tom (lyrics) Burke, Joe (music)
Frances G. Spencer Collection of American Popular Sheet Music, Crouch Fine Arts Library, Digital Collections, Baylor University Libraries
Crouch Fine Arts Library, Baylor University Libraries
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Learn more: Labor History Timeline: 1607 - 1999, Social Welfare History Project Labor, Social Welfare History Image Portal